| 奶牛产后首次发情行为变化规律及影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘予琮,蒋林树,熊本海.奶牛产后首次发情行为变化规律及影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021(4):123-128. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘予琮 蒋林树 熊本海 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京农学院动物科学技术学院;中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0700201、2017YFD0701604-2);北京市现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队。 |
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| 摘 要： | 本实验旨在通过对奶牛场发情监测设备数据的综合分析,探究奶牛产后首次发情行为变化规律及胎次、季节、泌乳水平等因素对发情行为的影响,提高牛场数字化管理水平。本研究采集了2018年7月—2019年8月北京延庆某奶牛养殖场315头产后母牛首次发情信息,共计20475项相关数据,包括发情日期、活动量、反刍量、胎次、产奶量等,运用Excel整理数据,结合SPSS 21.0软件进行多因素方差分析。结果表明:奶牛发情当天活动量极显著增加,由发情前的168.25步/h增长到363.3步/h(P<0.01),反刍时间显著下降,由发情前的505.1 min/d下降至431.1 min/d(P<0.05);春、夏、秋、冬四季发情奶牛分别占总发情牛数的35.0%、22.6%、14.8%和27.4%,其中,秋、冬两季奶牛首次发情时活动量及反刍时间变化显著;随着奶牛胎次的增加,奶牛发情时发情行为呈减弱趋势;高产奶牛活动量及活动量变化量均显著低于中产奶牛和低产奶牛。综上,在分析使用发情监测数据时,应综合考虑季节、胎次、泌乳水平等影响因素,以便科学利用现代数字化监测系统提高奶牛产后首次发情揭发率与配种率。
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| 关 键 词： | 首次发情 活动量 反刍次数 影响因素 奶牛 |
Analysis on the Change Rules and Influencing Factors of First Estrus Behavior in Postpartum Dairy Cows |
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| PAN Yucong,JIANG Linshu,XIONG Benhai.Analysis on the Change Rules and Influencing Factors of First Estrus Behavior in Postpartum Dairy Cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021(4):123-128. |
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| Authors: | PAN Yucong JIANG Linshu XIONG Benhai |
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| Institution: | (Beijing Institute of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cow Nutrition,Beijing 102206,China;Beijing Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China) |
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| Abstract: | This study aims to through the comprehensive analysis of the data of oestrus monitoring equipment in dairy farms,to explore the change rules of the first estrus behavior of dairy cows and the influence of parity,season,lactation level and other factors on oestrus behavior,so as to improve the use of digital management of dairy farms.This study collected the first estrus information of 315 postpartum cows in a dairy farm in Yanqing,Beijing from July 2018 to August 2019.A total of 20475 items of relevant data,including estrus date,activity,rumination,parity,milk production,etc.Excel was used for data collation and multivariate analysis of variance with SPSS 21.0 software.The statistical results showed that the activity of dairy cows on the day of estrus increased significantly from 168.25 steps/h before to 363.3 steps/h(P<0.01).Rumination time decreased significantly from 505.1 min/d to 431.1 min/d(P<0.05).In the four seasons of spring,summer,autumn and winter,the number of estrus cows accounted for 35.0%,22.6%,14.8%and 27.4%,respectively.The activity and rumination time of cows in autumn and winter changed significantly(P<0.05).With the increase of parity,the oestrus behavior of dairy cows showed a weakening trend;Compared with middle and low yield cows,the activity and the proportion of increased activity of high-yield dairy cows were significantly lower(P<0.05).In conclusion,in order to improve the first oestrus exposure rate and breeding rate of dairy cows by using modern digital monitoring system,we should consider the factors such as season,parity and lactation level when analyzing and using estrus monitoring data. |
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| Keywords: | First estrus Activity Rumination times Influencing factors Dairy cattle |
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