| 陈思颖1, 焦瑞莲1, 李志强2, 刘 政1*, 李国英1*.新疆葡萄枝孢果腐病病原菌的鉴定及生物学特性[J].植物保护,2022,48(4):180-187. |
| 新疆葡萄枝孢果腐病病原菌的鉴定及生物学特性 |
| Identification and biological characteristics of Cladosporium pathogens causing grape fruits rot in Xinjiang |
| 投稿时间：2021-04-20 修订日期：2021-08-01 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2021243 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄果腐病 病原菌鉴定 生物学特性 |
| 英文关键词:grape fruits rot pathogen identification biological characteristics |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201203035） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2019年在新疆葡萄上发现一种新病害, 主要危害成熟葡萄果实。感病果实病部产生橄榄绿色霉层, 导致葡萄产量和品质严重下降。为明确该病害病原菌种类及其生物学特性, 从南北疆11个葡萄园采集80个病样, 用常规稀释分离法和单孢分离法对病原菌进行分离和纯化, 根据采集地点、葡萄品种、菌落生长速度等特征选取21个代表性菌株进行形态学鉴定、分子生物学鉴定和致病性测定以明确病原菌种类; 并研究了温度、光照、培养基、pH对病原菌生长及产孢的影响。结果表明, 引起新疆葡萄果腐病的病原菌为枝孢菌, 有两个种, 即枝状枝孢Cladosporium cladosporioides和柠檬形枝孢Cladosporium limoniforme, 其中枝状枝孢为优势种。两种病原菌的适宜生长和产孢的温度均为25℃, 适宜生长和产孢的培养基是PDA, 不同光照条件下都可大量产生分生孢子, 最适宜生长和产孢的pH为7。明确了新疆葡萄枝孢果腐病病原菌及其生物学特性, 为今后该病害的预测预报、发生规律和防治方法的研究打下基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A new disease was discovered on grapes in Xinjiang in 2019. It mainly harms grape fruits and grape berry surfaces coated with olive-green mildew, which leads to the serious decline of the yield and quality of grapes. This study was carried out to clarify the pathogenic species and their biological characteristics. A total of 80 infected samples were collected from 11 vineyards in southern and northern Xinjiang. The pathogens were isolated and purified by conventional dilution separation and single spore isolation methods. According to the collection site, grape varieties, colony growth rate and other characteristics, 21 representative strains were selected and then they were identified based on morphological identification, molecular biology identification and pathogenicity test. The biological characteristics of the strains were measured under different temperatures, illuminations, media and pH. The results showed that the pathogens causing grape rot in Xinjiang belong to Cladosporium, including C.cladosporioides and C.limoniforme, and C.cladosporioides was the dominant species. The optimum temperature for the growth and sporulation for the two pathogens was 25℃; the most suitable medium was PDA; lots of conidia could be produced under different light conditions, and the optimum pH value for growth and sporulation was seven. These results provide a basis for the study of disease prediction, occurrence and control methods. |
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