| 王 也1, 蒋沁宏1, 车 琳1, 李春广2, 闫 硕1*.我国小麦产区间病害发生与损失差异比较研究[J].植物保护,2022,48(4):278-285. |
| 我国小麦产区间病害发生与损失差异比较研究 |
| Comparative study of occurrence of wheat diseases and yield loss in major wheat producing regions in China |
| 投稿时间：2021-05-24 修订日期：2021-07-07 |
| DOI：10.16688/j.zwbh.2021308 |
| 中文关键词: 小麦主产区 小麦锈病 小麦赤霉病 小麦病害 植保统计 |
| 英文关键词:major wheat producing region wheat rust wheat scab wheat disease national plant protection statistics |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32072497, 31900363）；北京市自然科学基金（6204043） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为系统全面地掌握我国各产区小麦病害的发生情况, 本文重点分析了我国小麦五大产区（华东麦区、华中麦区、华北麦区、西北麦区和西南麦区）小麦锈病、赤霉病、白粉病、纹枯病、黑穗病、根腐病和全蚀病的发生及防控情况。结果表明:我国小麦病害发生危害具有区域性特点, 华东和华中麦区小麦纹枯病和赤霉病发病面积较大, 且造成产量损失占比远超其余三大产区; 华北麦区以白粉病发生最重; 西北和西南麦区锈病和白粉病发生最重。我国小麦病害防治效果显著, 华东和华中麦区赤霉病、纹枯病的年均挽回损失率均在80%以上; 华北麦区年均挽回损失率最高的病害是白粉病（84.43%）; 西北和西南麦区对锈病年均挽回损失率分别为78.20%和85.26%; 黑穗病、根腐病和全蚀病挽回损失率较低。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to understand the occurrence of wheat diseases in China systematically and comprehensively, we compared the occurrence and control of wheat rust, scab, powdery mildew, sharp eyespot, smut, common root rot and take-all root-rot in five major wheat producing areas including East China, Central China, North China, Northwest China and Southwest China region. The results showed that the occurrence of wheat diseases was dependent on the wheat producing region. The wheat sharp eyespot and scab occurred widely in East and Central China region, and the yield losses were much higher than those in other wheat producing regions. The occurrence area of wheat powdery mildew was the most serious in North China region. Wheat rust and powdery mildew were the most serious in Northwest and Southwest China region. The management strategy of wheat diseases paid off. The average annual recovery rate of wheat scab and sharp eyespot in East and Central China region was higher than 80%. The highest annual recovery rate of plant disease in North China region was observed with wheat powdery mildew (84.43%). The average annual recovery rates of wheat rust were 78.20% and 85.26% in Northwest and Southwest China region, respectively. The average annual recovery rates of wheat smut, common root-rot and take-all root rot were low. |
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