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1.
不同n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用 16 8只 30周龄海兰褐蛋鸡 ,研究不同 n- 3/ n- 6多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响。 n- 3/ n- 6比值分别为 1∶ 1,1∶ 4 ,1∶ 8,1∶ 16 ,1∶ 32 ,维生素 E添加水平为 30 mg/ kg和 30 0 mg/ kg。在试验开始后的第 5周和第 7周给每个处理组中的 6只鸡注射牛血清白蛋白 (BSA) ,并分别于注射后第 10天翅静脉采血 ,测定 BSA抗体效价。测定第 5周及第 10周时外周全血淋巴细胞增殖速度和蛋黄 Ig Y水平。在第 9周给每个处理中 4只鸡注射脂多糖 (L PS) ,并于注射后 6 h,12 h,2 4 h后采血测定血浆中抗体 Ig G水平。试验结果表明 ,随着日粮中 n- 3/ n- 6比值的下降 ,BSA抗体效价显著下降 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,全血淋巴细胞增殖速度在第 5周时有上升的趋势 ,但差异不显著 ,而在第 10周时显著上升 (P<0 .0 5 )。蛋黄中抗体 Ig Y水平有随 n- 3/ n- 6比值下降而下降的趋势。注射 L PS后各时间点血浆 Ig G浓度随着 n- 3/ n- 6比值下降而下降。当日粮中 n- 3/ n- 6比值在 1∶ 1～ 1∶ 8之间时 ,产蛋鸡具有较好的免疫功能 相似文献
2.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加亚麻籽油对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸组成及鸡蛋风味的影响。选取40周龄海兰灰商品代蛋鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只鸡。设计分别添加0、0.5%、1.0%和3.0%亚麻籽油的4种等能等氮日粮。预试期1周,正试期4周。结果显示:(1)日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、3.0%亚麻籽油对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质均无显著影响(P0.05);(2)亚麻籽油可显著提高蛋黄中α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)及总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量,且其随亚麻籽油添加水平增加呈线性和二次变化(P0.05);(3)3.0%亚麻籽油组显著降低了蛋黄气味及滋味评分,同时显著增强了蛋黄鱼腥气味及滋味评分(P0.05),而蛋黄总体接受度显著降低(P0.05),且其均随亚麻籽油添加水平增加呈线性和二次变化(P0.05);(4)鸡蛋蛋黄总n-3PUFA含量与鱼腥气味、滋味间具有显著相关性(P0.05),且鸡蛋蛋黄接受度随n-3PUFA含量增加而降低(R2=0.801)。综上所述,日粮添加亚麻籽油可提高蛋黄总n-3PUFA含量,但添加量过高时对鸡蛋风味产生不良影响导致总体接受度下降;蛋黄总n-3PUFA含量不高于21.26mg/g时,可接受度评分大于5分,鸡蛋感官品质在可接受范围内。 相似文献
3.
试验旨在研究日粮中添加亚麻籽油对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸组成及鸡蛋风味的影响。选取40周龄海兰灰商品代蛋鸡288只,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复9只鸡。设计分别添加0、0.5%、1.0%和3.0%亚麻籽油的4种等能等氮日粮。预试期1周,正试期4周。结果显示：①日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、3.0%亚麻籽油对产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质均无显著影响（P>0.05）;②亚麻籽油可显著提高蛋黄中α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）及总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量,且其随亚麻籽油添加水平增加呈线性和二次变化（P<0.05）;③3.0%亚麻籽油组显著降低了蛋黄气味及滋味评分,同时显著增强了蛋黄鱼腥气味及滋味评分（P<0.05）,而蛋黄总体接受度显著降低（P<0.05）,且其均随亚麻籽油添加水平增加呈线性和二次变化（P<0.05）;④鸡蛋蛋黄总n-3 PUFA含量与鱼腥气味、滋味间具有显著相关性（P<0.05）,且鸡蛋蛋黄接受度随n-3 PUFA含量增加而降低（R2=0.801）。综上所述,日粮添加亚麻籽油可提高蛋黄总n-3 PUFA含量,但添加量过高时对鸡蛋风味产生不良影响导致总体接受度下降;蛋黄总n-3 PUFA含量不高于21.26 mg/g时,可接受度评分大于5分,鸡蛋感官品质在可接受范围内。 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在探讨日粮中亚麻籽添加水平和添加时间对蛋中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的富集以及蛋品质的影响。选取46周龄京粉1号蛋鸡1 344只,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复56只。4个处理组日粮中亚麻籽的添加水平分别为0%(对照组)、5%、10%、15%。试验期60 d。试验第10、20、30、45、60天测定蛋中α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)含量。第30、60天测定蛋壳强度、蛋黄色度和哈氏单位。结果表明:亚麻籽的添加水平、时间以及二者互作均对蛋中n-3PUFA的富集产生显著影响,蛋中n-3PUFA含量随着亚麻籽添加水平和添加时间增加呈上升趋势,随后达到稳定;5%亚麻籽组中鸡蛋DHA含量最高,其他脂肪酸含量以15%亚麻籽组最高;蛋中EPA含量在20 d达到最高,其他脂肪酸在30 d达到最高;蛋黄色度随着日粮中亚麻籽添加水平升高而显著降低,其他蛋品质指标无显著变化。由此表明,给蛋鸡饲喂含15%亚麻籽日粮30 d以上,可获得理想n-3PUFA富集鸡蛋,但要保证日粮色素水平稳定。 相似文献
5.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加膨化亚麻籽对北京油鸡的生长性能、屠宰性能、血浆生化指标及肌肉n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)沉积量的影响。试验选取10周龄北京油鸡(雌鸡)450只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只鸡,试验期8周。在基础饲粮中分别添加0(阴性对照)、9%的亚麻籽(阳性对照)及9%、12%、15%的膨化亚麻籽,制成5种试验饲粮,分别命名为E0、F9、E9、E12、E15。结果表明:1)E9组生长性能和屠宰性能与F9组相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。与E0组相比,添加膨化亚麻籽对北京油鸡生长性能和屠宰性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与F9组相比,E9组血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。相比于E0组,添加膨化亚麻籽显著降低北京油鸡肌肉中SOD的活性(P<0.05),同时显著提高血浆MDA的含量(P<0.05)。3)E12组肌肉中n-3PUFA沉积量最高,为(2.16±0.97)g/kg,是E0组5.68倍,且显著高于E0组(P<0.05),但与F9组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,亚麻籽膨化后可以显著提高n-3PUFA的沉积量,但相同添加量的亚麻籽和膨化亚麻籽对n-3PUFA的沉积量的影响没有显著差异;综合生产工序及成本,不建议使用膨化亚麻籽作为生产富含n-3PUFA鸡肉的油鸡饲料原料。 相似文献
6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加亚麻籽和鱼油对蛋鸡蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量、肝脏脂肪酸组成及其合成代谢基因表达的影响。选择28周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡96只,随机分为4组,每组24只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10%亚麻籽、10%亚麻籽+5%鱼油和5%鱼油。饲养21 d后连续收集7 d鸡蛋,然后每组随机选取4只鸡屠宰取样。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)添加亚麻籽和鱼油均显著增加蛋黄中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05),其中单独添加鱼油的蛋黄中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸含量最高;2)试验组肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸比例均显著降低(P0.05),肝脏n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例均显著增加(P0.05);3)单独添加鱼油显著降低肝脏脂肪酸延长酶1、脂肪酸延长酶2和去饱和酶(脂肪酸去饱和酶1、脂肪酸去饱和酶2和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1)基因表达水平(P0.05)。由此可见,蛋鸡饲粮中单独添加亚麻籽或鱼油可以富集蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸沉积;添加亚麻籽促进肝脏α-亚麻酸转化生成DHA过程,表现为上调脂肪酸延长酶和去饱和酶基因表达,添加鱼油显示相反结果。 相似文献
7.
《广东饲料》2019,(11)
正日粮脂质饱和度对蛋鸡蛋壳质量和骨骼特性的影响高威译朱勇文校摘要:本试验研究了日粮脂肪酸饱和度对产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋壳质量及骨骼品质的影响。采用5种等能(3,011.5kcalA ME/kgDM)和等氮(169g CP/kgDM)试验日粮,油脂添加水平均为30 g/kg。设置多不饱和脂肪ω-3(PUFA n-3)、多不饱和脂肪ω-6(PUFA n-6)、单不饱和脂肪酸ω-9(MUFA n-9)和饱和脂肪酸(SFA)日粮组,分别由亚麻籽和鱼油(50:50混合)、鱼油、葵花籽油、高油酸葵花籽油和动物油提供。选择200只海兰褐蛋鸡(20周龄)随机分成5个处理(n=40重复/处理),饲喂不 相似文献
8.
选用168只产蛋鸡进行试验,研究在日粮中添加不同比例多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)对产蛋鸡抗氧化机能的影响。采用2×2双因子试验设计。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮,n-3(PUFA)/n-6(PUFA)比例分别为1:1、1:4、1:8、1:16、1:32,维生素E(VE)添加水平为30mg/kg和300mg/kg。在试验开始后第5周和第10周测定血浆中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化力(TAOC)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量;试验结束屠宰鸡只测定肝脏匀浆液中T-SOD、GSH-Px、TAOC活性及MDA含量。试验结果表明:随着日粮中n-3(PUFA)/n-6(PUFA)比值的下降,试验鸡血浆及肝脏中T-SOD,TAOC,GSH-Px活性增加,其中血浆中T-SOD活性只有在第5周时才达到显著水平(P<0.05),而血浆中GSH-Px活性在第5周及第10周时均达到显著(P<0.05)水平;血浆和肝脏中MDA含量随着日粮中n-3/n-6比值的下降而显著(P<0.05)下降。高水平VE添加能够显著(P<0.05)提高产蛋鸡血浆和肝脏中T-SOD,TAOC,GSH-PX活性,降低血浆中MDA含量。 相似文献
9.
日粮多不饱和脂肪酸类型对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄脂肪酸富集的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
将135只26周龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡随机分为3个处理,分别饲以3种日粮:n-3多不饱和脂肪酸日粮(PUFA)、n-6PUFA日粮和普通日粮研究PUFA类型对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋黄脂肪酸富集的影响。试验结果表明:n-3PUFA日粮使产蛋率和饲料效率显著(P<0.05)降低;n-6PUFA日粮组死亡率与其他组相比极显著(P<0.01)上升。两种PUFA日粮使蛋黄n-3PUFA及n-6PUFA含量显著(P<0.05)改变。结果表明:PUFA日粮能显著改变蛋黄PUFA的组成,可生产出n-3PUFA含量达到585mg/枚和n-6PUFA含量达到1595mg/枚的鸡蛋;但试验发现日粮中添加过多的亚麻籽和葵籽对蛋鸡生产性能有不良的影响(P<0.05)。 相似文献
10.
为研究蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽对蛋黄中多不饱和脂肪酸富集的影响,根据相关标准,采用人工和系统的检索方法检索相关文章,并用荟萃分析(Meta-analysis)的方法分析计算合并标准均数差(SMD)及95%置信区间(95%CI)。通过检索与筛选,共有8篇文章21个试验被纳入,共包括1390个研究对象。Meta分析的结果显示:蛋黄中亚麻酸(ALA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、亚油酸(LA)、总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3PUFA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6PUFA)、n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的SMD和95%CI分别为17.51(13.34,21.69)、5.39(4.22,6.55)、0.42(-0.39,1.23)、8.86(7.59,10.14)、-1.62(-2.54,-0.70)、-0.44(-0.97,0.08)和-5.22(-6.62,-3.82);混合线性模型的结果显示:DHA和n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽添加剂量,蛋黄中ALA、AA、LA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的异质性来源为亚麻籽的添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄。由分析结果可知,蛋鸡日粮中添加亚麻籽能显著提高蛋黄中的ALA、DHA及n-3PUFA的含量并能显著降低AA和n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA的水平,且富集水平受到亚麻籽添加剂量和蛋鸡产蛋周龄的影响。 相似文献
11.
The effect of different concentrations of linseed oil or fish oil in the maternal diet on the fatty acid composition and oxidative status of sows and piglets 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Tanghe J. Missotten K. Raes S. De Smet 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2015,99(5):938-949
N‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for foetal development. Hence, including n‐3 PUFA in the sow diet can be beneficial for reproduction. Both the amount and form (precursor fatty acids vs. long chain PUFA) of supplementation are important in this respect. Furthermore, including n‐3 PUFA in the diet can have negative effects, such as decreased arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration and increased oxidative stress. This study aimed to compare the efficacy to increase eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in the piglet, when different concentrations of linseed oil (LO, source of precursor α‐linolenic acid) or fish oil (FO, source of EPA and DHA) were included in the maternal diet. Sows were fed a palm oil diet or a diet including 0.5% or 2% LO or FO from day 45 of gestation until weaning. Linoleic acid (LA) was kept constant in the diets to prevent a decrease in ARA, and all diets were supplemented with α‐tocopherol acetate (150 mg/kg) and organic selenium (0.4 mg/kg) to prevent oxidative stress. Feeding 0.5% LO or 0.5% FO to the sows resulted in comparable EPA concentrations in the 5‐day old piglet liver, but both diets resulted in lower EPA concentrations than when 2% LO was fed. The highest EPA concentration was obtained when 2% FO was fed. The DHA level in the piglet liver could only be increased when FO, but not LO, was fed to the sows. The 2% FO diet had no advantage over the 0.5% FO diet to increase DHA in the piglet. Despite the constant LA concentration in the sow diet, a decrease in ARA could not be avoided when LO or FO were included in the diet. Feeding 2% FO to the sows increased the malondialdehyde concentration (marker for lipid peroxidation) in sow plasma, but not in piglets. 相似文献
12.
大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
选用 1 4 4只体况良好、产蛋率、体重相近的 5 0周龄海兰褐产蛋鸡 ,随机分成 4组 ,每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 9只鸡。以玉米 豆粕 杂粕型日粮为基础日粮 ,对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加 1 0 ,2 0 ,3 0mg/kg大豆黄酮。试验结束时测定T淋巴细胞数量和ND HI抗体滴度 ,并计算免疫器官指数。试验结果表明 ,2 0mg/kg大豆黄酮组显著提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并提高产蛋鸡ND HI抗体滴度和E玫瑰花环百分率(P >0 .0 5 ) ;3 0mg/kg大豆黄酮组显著提高产蛋鸡ND HI抗体滴度 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,并提高产蛋鸡的脾脏指数和E玫瑰花环百分率。所以 ,日粮添加大豆黄酮可提高产蛋鸡体液免疫功能 ,对细胞免疫功能有提高趋势 相似文献
13.
A trial using 64 weanling pigs (TR4×PIC C22) was conducted to determine the effects of menhaden fish oil supplementation and diet complexity on performance and immune response of nursery pigs. Pigs (17 days and 6.27±1.16 kg) were weaned into a segregated early wean facility and given free access to a complex diet for 7 days post-weaning. At day 0 (day 7 post-weaning), pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to 64 pens. Treatments (Trt) were arranged as a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement. Main effects included diet (complex versus simple), oil (menhaden fish (MFO) versus corn (CO)), and immunogen (saline versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). Experimental diets contained 6% oil (6% CO or 5% MFO+1% CO) and were fed for 14 days. On day 12, i.v. injections of either LPS (150 μg/kg) or saline were given, followed by blood collection at 30 min intervals for 6 h. After the immune challenge (day 14), pigs were placed onto a common corn-soybean meal fortified diet and growth performance was evaluated until termination of the study (day 28). Pigs were weighed and feed intakes recorded at 7, 14, and 28 days. Prior to immune challenge (day 12), there were differences in BW for pigs fed complex versus simple diets (P<0.01; 13.1 and 12.1 kg, respectively) and pigs fed CO versus MFO diets (P<0.05; 12.9 and 12.3 kg, respectively). During the challenge period, for pigs treated with LPS there was a Time×Immunogen×Oil effect (P<0.001) for serum cortisol with MFO fed pigs having lower serum cortisol as compared to CO fed pigs. Also, during the challenge period, for pigs treated with LPS there was a Time×Diet×Immunogen×Oil effect (P<0.001) for serum tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) with pigs fed complex diets supplemented with CO having higher serum TNF- as compared with pigs fed complex diets supplemented with MFO. At days 14 and 28, LPS-treated pigs had lower BW than saline injected controls (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). In addition, pigs fed simplified diets continued to have lower BW after challenge compared to pigs fed a complex diet. Interestingly, there were no differences (P>0.10) in BW after challenge in pigs fed MFO. This study suggests that MFO supplementation alters the immune response during LPS challenge and that simplified diets may compromise nursery performance. 相似文献
14.
Seventy-two crossbred pigs (7.58 +/- 0.30 kg BW) weaned at 28 +/- 3 d of age were used to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on pig performance and on immunological, adrenal, and somatotropic responses following an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in a 2 x 2 factorial design. The main factors consisted of diet (7% corn oil [CO] or 7% fish oil [FO]) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21, pigs were injected intraperitoneally with either 200 microg/kg BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were collected 3 h after injection for analysis of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was determined. Lipopolysaccharide challenge decreased ADG (487 vs. 586 g; P < 0.05) and ADFI (as-fed, 776 vs. 920 g; P < 0.05) from d 14 to 21 and ADG (587 vs. 652 g; P < 0.10) from d 21 to 28. Fish oil improved ADG (554 vs. 520 g; P < 0.10) and ADFI (891 vs. 805 g; P < 0.10) from d 14 to 21. On d 14, LPS challenge x diet interactions were observed for IL-1beta (P < 0.10), PGE2 (P < 0.001), and cortisol (P < 0.05) such that these measurements responded to the LPS challenge to a lesser extent (IL-1beta: 93 vs. 114 pg/mL, P < 0.05; PGE2: 536 vs. 1,285 pg/mL, P < 0.001; cortisol: 143 vs. 206 ng/mL, P < 0.05) in pigs receiving the FO diet than in pigs fed the CO diet. In contrast, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the FO diet had higher IGF-I (155 vs. 101 ng/mL; P < 0.10) than those fed the CO diet. On d 21 among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed FO had lower IL-1beta (70 vs. 84 pg/mL; P < 0.10) and cortisol (153 vs. 205 ng/mL; P < 0.05) than those fed CO. Pigs fed FO had lower PGE2 (331 vs. 444 pg/mL; P < 0.05) and higher IGF-I (202 vs. 171 ng/mL; P < 0.10) compared with those fed CO. Lipopolysaccharide challenge decreased GH (0.27 vs. 0.33 ng/mL; P < 0.05) on d 14, whereas it had no effect on GH on d 21. During both LPS challenge periods, the challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with 8 (1.46 vs. 1.32; P < 0.10) or 16 microg/mL (1.46 vs. 1.30; P < 0.05) of concanavalin A. Fish oil had no effect on PBLP. These results suggest that FO alters the release of proinflammatory cytokines, which might lead to improved pig performance during an immunological challenge. 相似文献
15.
大蒜素对产蛋鸡生产性能和血清生化指标的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
选用240只62周龄宝万斯褐壳蛋鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每组设置4个重复,每个重复15只鸡,大蒜素的添加量分别为0,50,100 mg/kg和150 mg/kg日粮,各处理基础日粮相同,试验期5周。研究不同水平大蒜素对蛋鸡生产性能、盲肠微生物和血清生化指标的影响。结果显示,50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg的大蒜素可显著降低蛋鸡料蛋比(P<0.05),各大蒜素组显著抑制盲肠大肠杆菌(P<0.05),提高了血清白蛋白的水平(P<0.05)。 相似文献
16.
本试验旨在研究蛋鸡日粮中添加不同剂量的维生素E对蛋鸡肉品质的影响.试验选取健康无病且生产性能相近的400日龄海兰灰蛋鸡224只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复14只,维生素E添加水平分别为0、0.075、0.15、0.3 g/kg,试验期4周.结果表明:维生素E对肉品质有一定影响,添加维生素E对提升宰后24h腿肌pH、降低胸肌腿肌煮熟损失、提高腿肌系水力、降低腿肌剪切力均有显著影响(P＜0.05),日粮中添加维生素E 0.15 g/kg和0.3 g/kg,能显著提高鸡腿肉色L值(P＜0.05).综合评定结果显示,0.15 g/kg的维生素E为适宜添加量. 相似文献
17.
1. An experiment was conducted with laying hens to determine to what extent sweet white lupins (Lupinus albus, cv Buttercup) could be used as a protein source in their diets.
2. Twenty five individually caged 20 week‐old Hisex laying hens were used per treatment. The hens were housed in a convection house for the duration of the study which lasted 52 weeks. Two diets were formulated, one containing 300 g sweet lupins/kg and the other containing sunflower oil cake and fish meal as protein sources. These diets were blended to obtain seven diets with lupin inclusion rates of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 g/k.
3. Results indicated that up to 300 g lupins/kg diet can be fed to Hisex laying hens without a significant effect on egg production, egg mass, efficiency of food utilisation, egg shell thickness, Haugh units or yolk colour. Food intake was however, significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with lupin inclusion rates. 相似文献
18.
Shingfield KJ Lee MR Humphries DJ Scollan ND Toivonen V Beever DE Reynolds CK 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(11):3728-3741
Because of the potential benefits to human health, there is interest in increasing 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:6n-6, and cis-9,trans-11 CLA in ruminant foods. Four Aberdeen Angus steers (406 ± 8.2 kg of BW) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square experiment with 21-d periods to examine the potential of fish oil (FO) and linseed oil (LO) in the diet to increase ruminal outflow of trans-11 18:1 and total n-3 PUFA in growing cattle. Treatments consisted of a control diet (60:40; forage:concentrate ratio, on a DM basis, respectively) based on maize silage, or the same basal ration containing 30 g/kg of DM of FO, LO, or a mixture (1:1, wt/wt) of FO and LO (LFO). Diets were offered as total mixed rations and fed at a rate of 85 g of DM/(kg of BW(0.75)/d). Oils had no effect (P = 0.52) on DMI. Linseed oil had no effect (P > 0.05) on ruminal pH or VFA concentrations, whereas FO shifted rumen fermentation toward propionate at the expense of acetate. Compared with the control, LO increased (P < 0.05) 18:0, cis 18:1 (Δ9, 12-15), trans 18:1 (Δ4-9, 11-16), trans 18:2, geometric isomers of 9,11, 11,13, and 13,15 CLA, trans-8,cis-10 CLA, trans-10,trans-12 CLA, trans-12,trans-14 CLA, and 18:3n-3 flow at the duodenum. Inclusion of FO in the diet resulted in greater (P < 0.05) flows of cis-9 16:1, trans 16:1 (Δ6-13), cis 18:1 (Δ9, 11, and 13), trans 18:1 (Δ6-15), trans 18:2, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3, and decreased (P < 0.001) 18:0 at the duodenum relative to the control. For most fatty acids at the duodenum, responses to LFO were intermediate of FO and LO. However, LFO resulted in greater (P = 0.04) flows of total trans 18:1 than LO and increased (P < 0.01) trans-6 16:1 and trans-12 18:1 at the duodenum compared with FO or LO. Biohydrogenation of cis-9 18:1 and 18:2n-6 in the rumen was independent of treatment, but both FO and LO increased (P < 0.001) the extent of 18:3n-3 biohydrogenation compared with the control. Ruminal 18:3n-3 biohydrogenation was greater (P < 0.001) for LO and LFO than FO, whereas biohydrogenation of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the rumen was marginally less (P = 0.05) for LFO than FO. In conclusion, LO and FO at 30 g/kg of DM altered the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, causing an increase in the flow of specific intermediates at the duodenum, but the potential of these oils fed alone or as a mixture to increase n-3 PUFA at the duodenum in cattle appears limited. 相似文献
19.
本试验通过在海兰褐蛋鸡饲粮中配合不同比例的橡胶籽饼,评价其对蛋黄脂肪酸组成及胆固醇含量的影响。选取72只25周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成6个组,每组4个重复,每个重复3只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,Ⅰ~Ⅴ组饲粮分别配合5.00%、10.00%、15.00%、20.00%和25.00%的橡胶籽饼。各组饲粮的营养水平一致。试验期6周。结果表明:饲粮中配合不同比例橡胶籽饼对蛋鸡蛋黄饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量无显著影响(P0.05);但蛋黄亚油酸(LA)、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量随饲粮橡胶籽饼配合比例的增加呈增加趋势,且各试验组蛋黄DHA含量与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05);随饲粮橡胶籽饼配合比例的增加,蛋黄总多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量呈增加趋势,n-6/n-3 PUFA呈降低趋势;各试验组蛋黄胆固醇含量与对照组相比差异不显著(P0.05),但均低于对照组。由此可见,饲粮中配合一定比例的橡胶籽饼能够获得较低的n-6/n-3PUFA,达到提高蛋黄总PUFA、n-6 PUFA和n-3 PUFA含量的效果。 相似文献
20.
The objective of this experiment was to test the effect of total or partial substitution of dietary fish oil (FO) by linseed oil (LO) in Atlantic salmon feeding on performance, liver and muscle fatty acid composition, selected lipogenic and lipolytic enzyme activities, and flesh oxidative stability. For 12 wk, fish (220 +/- 12 g of initial BW) were fed five experimental diets in which the FO was serially replaced by 25, 50, 75, and 100% LO. Total FO replacement by LO did not (P = 0.20) affect fish final weight, biometric indices, or i.m. fat contents. Liver and muscle neutral lipid (NL) composition responded to dietary treatments in different ways. Whereas the sum of n-3 PUFA in muscle followed a linear and quadratic pattern with increasing levels of LO, a linear (P = 0.005) effect was observed in the liver NL fraction. Total n-3 and n-6 PUFA contents in the polar lipid fraction (PL) were unaffected (P = 0.356) by dietary input of LO in muscle. Activity of liver glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase (G6PD) was greater with increasing levels of LO (P = 0.004). A time effect (P < 0.001) was observed in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, in fish flesh stored under refrigeration for 9 d; however, the progressive inclusion of LO in the feed did not affect (P = 0.125) flesh oxidation stability. In summary, LO can totally replace FO in Atlantic salmon feed without affecting growth performance and muscle susceptibility to lipid oxidation. Fatty acid metabolism in the liver was affected by LO, promoting G6PD activity and eicosatetraenoic acid accumulation; however, a 100% LO replacement decreased (P < 0.001) concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in salmon muscle. 相似文献