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1.
福尔马林、敌百虫、硫酸铜对苏氏圆腹白芒仔鱼的急性毒性实验。在水温28—30℃下,福尔马林对苏氏圆腹[鱼芒]仔鱼24h和48h半致死浓度分别为98．3mg／L和83．9mg／L,安全浓度为18．3mg／L;敌百虫24h和48h半致死浓度分别为7．7mg／L和3．7mg／L,安全浓度为0．26mg／L;硫酸铜24h和48h半致死浓度分别为0．28mg／L和0．22mg／L,安全浓度为0．04mg／L。其仔鱼鱼苗对所选用的三种药物的敏感顺序为：硫酸铜〉敌百虫〉福尔马林。 相似文献
2.
4种常用鱼药对泥鳅的急性毒性试验 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
用福尔马林等4种药物对泥鳅进行急性毒性试验,结果表明:福尔马林24 h半致死浓度为138.50mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为122.30 mg/L,安全浓度为25.30 mg/L;高锰酸钾24 h半致死浓度为7.23 mg/L,48h半致死浓度为5.61 mg/L,安全浓度为0.75 mg/L;硫酸铜24 h半致死浓度为3.90 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为2.70 mg/L,安全浓度为0.26 mg/L;敌百虫24 h半致死浓度为11.80 mg/L,48 h半致死浓度为10.50mg/L,安全浓度为2.22 mg/L。根据试验结果,建议高锰酸钾不要作为泥鳅的治疗药物,硫酸铜在用于泥鳅疾病的防治时要谨慎使用,福尔马林和敌百虫是治疗泥鳅疾病的有效药物。 相似文献
3.
采用急性攻毒的方法,进行硫酸铜、硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂和福尔马林等三种水产养殖常用驱虫药物对暗纹东方纯仔鱼的毒性试验.结果表明:暗纹东方纯仔鱼对这三种药物敏感程度的大小顺序为:硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁合剂>硫酸铜>福尔马林;暗纹东方纯仔鱼对硫酸铜合剂的敏感性最强,安全浓度小于0.05 mg/L;硫酸铜的安全浓度为0.21 mg/L,24 h半致死浓度分别为1.03 mg/L和1.25 mg/L.暗纹东方鲀仔鱼对福尔马林的敏感性相对较弱,浸洗浓度至少可达20 mg/L. 相似文献
4.
4种常用药物对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选用硫酸铜、敌百虫、福尔马林、上野黄药对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼进行急性毒性试验.硫酸铜对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼24 h LC50为0.80 mg/L,48 h LC50为0.70 mg/L,96 h LC50为0.60 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.16 mg/L;敌百虫对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼24 h LC50为2.88 mg/L,48 h LC50为2.44 mg/L,96 h LC50为2.12 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.53 mg/L.福尔马林和上野黄药对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼的96 h LC50＞100 mg/L,属于低毒.根据96 h半致死质量浓度来判断药物的毒性大小,克氏双锯鱼稚鱼对4种药物敏感性依次为:硫酸铜>敌百虫>福尔马林和上野黄药,福尔马林和上野黄药对克氏双锯鱼稚鱼同属于低毒药品. 相似文献
5.
4种常用渔药对鲢鱼种的急性毒性试验 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究了硫酸铜、福尔马林、高锰酸钾和敌百虫4种渔药对鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼种的急性毒性。结果显示:硫酸铜的24 h LC50为7.71 mg/L,48 h LC50为6.11 mg/L,安全浓度为1.15 mg/L;福尔马林的24 hLC50为48.17 mg/L,48 h LC50为36.25 mg/L,安全浓度为6.16 mg/L;高锰酸钾的24 h LC50为3.87 mg/L,48 hLC50为2.75 mg/L,安全浓度为1.74 mg/L;敌百虫的24 h LC50为11.96 mg/L,48 h LC50为9.39 mg/L,安全浓度为0.42 mg/L。结果表明,敌百虫可安全使用,硫酸铜和福尔马林需慎用,高锰酸钾不适宜在鲢鱼种的防病中使用。 相似文献
6.
四种常用药物对澳洲宝石鲈稚鱼的急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用四种常用药物对宝石鲈稚鱼进行了急性毒性试验,结果表明:40%甲醛24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为146、124和90mg·L-1,安全浓度为26.8mg·L-1;硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为14.8、9.1和5.7mg·L-1,安全浓度为1.0mg·L-1;强氯精24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为1.8、1.4和1.2mg·L-1,安全浓度为0.25mg·L-1;敌百虫24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为5.3、1.8和1.2mg·L-1,安全浓度为0.06mg·L-1。宝石鲈稚鱼对四种药物的敏感性强度依次为:敌百虫>强氯精>硫酸铜和硫酸亚铁合剂>40%甲醛。 相似文献
7.
4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水温(17±2)℃条件下,采用水生生物急性毒性试验方法,研究了福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫,4种药物对叶尔羌高原鳅的24h、48h的半致死浓度(LD50)和安全浓度(SC)。结果表明:福尔马林、高锰酸钾、硫酸铜和敌百虫24h的LC50分别为:113.89、6.43、3.37和14.18mg/L。48h的LC50分别为97.03、4.50、2.38和11.28mg/L。4种药物的SC分别为24.08、0.94、0.50和2.69mg/L。在对叶尔羌高原鳅疾病预防和治疗过程中,建议高锰酸钾不要用于疾病的治疗,硫酸铜的使用要谨慎,福尔马林和敌百虫可用于疾病的治疗。 相似文献
8.
为研究敌百虫、硫酸铜和二氧化氯等3种常用渔药对攀鲈(Anabas testudineus)的急性毒性,在水温(30±1)℃下,采用半静水式试验法进行了3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼[体质量(7.78±1.60)g、全长(7.89±0.44)cm]的急性毒性试验。结果显示:敌百虫对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为37.20、24.91、23.15、20.57 mg/L,安全质量浓度为3.351 mg/L;硫酸铜对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为39.29、33.04、25.13、23.37 mg/L,安全质量浓度为7.010 mg/L;二氧化氯对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为89.69、87.16、80.38、77.74 mg/L,安全质量浓度为24.691 mg/L。3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼的毒性大小依次为敌百虫>硫酸铜>二氧化氯,其安全浓度均高于有效治疗浓度,因此在养殖生产中可安全使用。 相似文献
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10.
几种常用水产药物对大鳞副泥鳅苗种的急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以规格(1.53±0.32)g重的大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)苗种为试验对象,采用静态急性毒性试验法,进行了硫酸铜、聚维酮碘、敌百虫、甲醛的急性毒性试验。结果表明,硫酸铜24、48、96 h的半致死量分别为1.23、0.55、0.40 mg/L,安全浓度为0.03 mg/L;聚维酮碘24、48、96 h的半致死量分别为429.58、396.36、388.47 mg/L,安全浓度为101.23 mg/L;敌百虫24、48、96 h的半致死量分别为16.72、7.94、4.80 mg/L,安全浓度为0.54 mg/L;甲醛24、48、96 h的半致死量分别为110.00、96.59、45.45 mg/L,安全浓度为22.35 mg/L。结论:硫酸铜的毒性最大且安全浓度远低于常用浓度,应禁用;敌百虫的安全浓度处于常用浓度范围内,但使用时需控制使用剂量;聚维酮碘和甲醛可按常规浓度安全使用。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
19.
Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
20.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献