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1.
目的:探讨完全采用浮性颗粒饲料驯化养殖加州鲈的技术.方法:在池塘上方搭设饲料台,在水中设置浮性的饲料框,手撒投喂,每隔2～3h投喂1次,同时制造一定的条件反射的声响,以后每天的投喂时间间隔逐渐拉长,投喂次数逐渐减少,通过约1周左右的驯食,加州鲈即形成上浮抢食浮性颗粒饲料的习惯.驯食成功后,日投饵减至2次,以后视天气、水温和鱼的摄食等情况灵活掌握和调整.结果:3亩池塘生产加州鲈成鱼1 737 kg,平均规格579 g,饵料系数为1.12.结论:完全采用浮性颗粒饲料驯化养殖加州鲈取得显著成效,有一定的推广应用价值.  相似文献   

2.
沉性硬颗粒饲料是我省目前水产养殖生产应用的主要饲料，而膨化浮性饲料在我省尚未应用于规模化水产养殖生产中。为了探讨膨化浮性饲料在我省水产养殖应用的可行性，2002年，在黑龙江省水产技术推广总站水产试验场，采用豆粕型膨化浮性饲料进行德国镜鲤鱼种养至商品鱼的生长性能和经济效益示范试验，取得了较好的效果。  相似文献   

3.
为了探索斑点叉尾鱼回无公害健康养殖模式,提高鱼回鱼养殖技术,促进峡江县鱼回鱼产业化发展,我们于2 0 0 4年在江西省峡江县鱼种场利用美国大豆协会80 :2 0池塘养殖模式和全植物性蛋白豆粕型膨化浮性饲料进行了斑点叉尾鱼回夏花养至鱼种的示范试验,取得了良好的试验效果。三口试验池塘中斑点叉尾鱼回经过10 9d饲养后平均体重从1.0 7g长到38.81g。鱼的总产量为16 15 .4kg ,平均成活率为86 .8%。三口池塘饲料的平均系数为0 .96 ,净收入为16 46 .0 5元/亩,投资回报率平均为6 2 .3%。试验结果表明,设计合理的养殖模式,采用优质饲料,是实现健康养殖,获得良好经济效益的关键。  相似文献   

4.
利用美国大豆协会小体积高密度网箱养殖模式和海水鱼膨化饲料对卵型鲳鱼参在近海网箱进行养殖并评估其生长表现.卵形鲳鱼参以每箱1 000尾的密度放养于体积为8.0 m3的网箱中.卵型鲳鱼参从鱼种养至50 g时采用47%粗蛋白和15%油脂(47/15)饲料,50 g以上则以43%粗蛋白和12%油脂(43/12)饲料投喂.两饲料皆为膨化浮性颗粒饲料.卵型鲳鱼参在136 d内由7 g长至349 g.总的平均饲料系数为2.1︰1,平均成活率为92.5%.净收入和投资回报率分别为人民币5 511元/网箱(人民币689/m3)和90.1%.生产1 kg鱼的膨化饲料成本为人民币10. 08元,而投喂野杂鱼的饲料成本为人民币20元以上.投喂膨化饲料养殖的卵形鲳鱼参其肉质口感与投喂野杂鱼的一样,味道更鲜,没有腥味.  相似文献   

5.
利用美国大豆协会小体积高密度网箱养殖模式和海水鱼膨化饲料对卵型鲳鱼参在近海网箱进行养殖并评估其生长表现。卵形鲳鱼参以每箱 1 0 0 0尾的密度放养于体积为 8.0m3的网箱中。卵型鲳鱼参从鱼种养至 5 0 g时采用 47%粗蛋白和 1 5 %油脂 ( 4 7/1 5 )饲料 ,5 0 g以上则以 43%粗蛋白和 1 2 %油脂 ( 4 3/1 2 )饲料投喂。两饲料皆为膨化浮性颗粒饲料。卵型鲳鱼参在 1 36d内由 7g长至 349g。总的平均饲料系数为 2 .1 1 ,平均成活率为 92 .5 %。净收入和投资回报率分别为人民币 5 5 1 1元 /网箱 (人民币 689/m3)和 90 .1 %。生产 1kg鱼的膨化饲料成本为人民币 1 0 .0 8元 ,而投喂野杂鱼的饲料成本为人民币 2 0元以上。投喂膨化饲料养殖的卵形鲳鱼参其肉质口感与投喂野杂鱼的一样 ,味道更鲜 ,没有腥味  相似文献   

6.
加州鲈又名大口黑鲈,具有生长快、周期短、肉多刺少,味道鲜美,营养丰富等优点,一直深受养殖户的欢迎.过去新疆大多主要以冰鲜野杂鱼或其他动物性饲料进行饲喂,这不仅会对养殖环境造成污染,而且还会增多加州鲈病害的发生,严重影响其产业的可持续发展.此次试验设计4组,3组重复试验使用膨化浮性饲料饲喂,利用光合细菌降解氨氮、净化水质以及严格的管理模式,1组对照试验饲喂冰鲜野杂鱼,其余条件相同.试验结果表明:投喂膨化浮性饲料有利于提高加州鲈的饵料转换效率,减少水中有害物质的含量降低疾病发生率,减少用药量.鱼体药物残留量以及改善水域生态环境.该模式的经济效率、生态效率呈正相关关系,生态经济效益显著.因此,此生态养殖模式比较适合新疆加州鲈养殖的示范推广.  相似文献   

7.
长江刀鲚鱼种驯食浮性颗粒饲料试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用灯光诱鱼协同缓沉饲料驯食过渡至浮性颗粒饲料投喂的方法,高密度驯养长江刀鲚(Coilia nasus)鱼种,建立了8~10 cm刀鲚鱼种转食浮性颗粒饲料的人工饲养技术,为刀鲚的集约化养殖提供技术支撑。结果显示,经16 d的驯食,刀鲚在投饵后1 h之内吃完饲料,驯食期间刀鲚平均成活率为75.05%。闪光诱鱼比常光诱鱼更利于刀鲚鱼种驯食浮性颗粒饲料;先期对浮性颗粒饲料处理成缓沉投饲驯食并逐步过渡至完全摄食浮性颗粒饲料的操作能让刀鲚鱼种在短期内(16 d)完全摄食浮性颗粒饲料。  相似文献   

8.
七星鲈为广温、广盐近海洋线海中的下层鱼类,适宜在成淡水中养殖。该鱼肉嫩味美,有“淡水石斑”之称。市场价格高、销路好,经济效益显著。此鱼类为强肉食性,为了能进行大面积推广养殖,避免投喂冰鲜、活鱼而导致养殖水环境污染,根据省科技厅的试验项目安排,我们对七星鲈的食性从摄食鲜活鱼人工驯化至摄食膨化浮性饲料并养至商品鱼进行了网箱养殖试验,以能实现规模化养殖。  相似文献   

9.
利用美国大豆协会小体积高密度网箱养殖模式和海水鱼膨化饲料对卵型鲳Shen在近海网箱进行养殖并评估其生长表现。卵形鲳Shen以每箱1000尾的密度放养于体积为8．0m^3的网箱中。卵型鲳Shen从鱼种养至50g时采用47％粗蛋白和15％油脂（47／15）饲料，50g以上则以43％粗蛋白和12％油脂（43／12）饲料投喂。两饲料皆为膨化浮性颗粒饲料。卵型鲳Shen在136d内由7g长至349g。总的平均饲料系数为2．1：1，平均成活率为92．5％。净收入和投资回报率分别为人民币5511元／网箱（人民币689／m^3）和90．1％。生产1kg鱼的膨化饲料成本为人民币10．08元，而投喂野杂鱼的饲料成本为人民币20元以上。投喂膨化饲料养殖的卵形鲳Shen其肉质口感与投喂野杂鱼的一样，味道更新，没有腥味。  相似文献   

10.
本文通过浮性膨化饲料、沉性硬颗粒饲料、浮性膨化饲料与沉性硬颗粒饲料混合三种不同方法培育鱼种的试验,进行了鱼苗的生长速度、水质情况、饵料系数、经济效益的比较,得出采用浮性膨化饲料培育在上述指标中较其它二种方法有明显优势的结论。生长速度:浮性膨化饲料>沉性硬颗粒饲料>浮性膨化饲料与沉性硬颗粒饲料混合;水质情况:浮性膨化饲料优于沉性硬颗粒饲料优于浮性膨化饲料与沉性硬颗粒饲料混合;饵料系数:浮性膨化饲料<沉性硬颗粒饲料<浮性膨化饲料与沉性硬颗粒饲料混合;经济效益:浮性膨化饲料高于沉性硬颗粒饲料高于浮性膨化饲料与沉性硬颗粒饲料混合。  相似文献   

11.
A feeding trial was conducted in aquaria with juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides to examine the effects of increasing dietary lipid levels on growth and body composition. Feed‐trained largemouth bass fingerlings were graded to a similar size (16.3 ± 2.4 g) and randomly stocked into 15 113.6‐L glass aquaria at 25 fish/aquarium. Fingerlings were fed twice daily to apparent satiation with one of five isonitrogenous extruded experimental diets based on practical ingredients. Diets contained approximately 40% crude protein and either 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% added lipid. Due to background lipids in the ingredients, this equated to total lipid levels of 7, 10, 16, 20, and 23%, respectively. These diets had protein to energy ratios of 137, 120, 106, 95, and 86 mg/kcal, respectively. There were three replicate aquaria per dietary treatment. After 12 wk, there were no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) in average weight (g), specific growth rate (% body weight/d), survival (%), or protein efficiency ratio (PER, %) among fish fed the five diets, which averaged 79.3 ± 5.6, 1.9 ± 0.1, 99.5 ± 1.5, and 2.11 ± 0.19, respectively. Juvenile largemouth bass fed diets containing 15 and 20% added lipid had significantly lower (P± 0.05) feed conversion ratios (FCR) (1.1 ± 0.0 and 1.1 ± 0. 1, respectively) than fish fed diets containing 0, 5, and 10% added lipid (1.4 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0. 1, and 1.3 ± 0.2, respectively). Proximate analysis of whole body samples indicated a significantly higher (P ± 0.05) lipid content in fish fed 15 and 20% added lipid compared to fish fed lower lipid levels. While FCR was lowest in fish fed the 15 and 20% added lipid diets, increased whole body lipid deposition may indicate that these levels are above optimal levels for juvenile largemouth bass. It appears that 7–16% total dietary lipid (P/E:137–106 mg/kcal) is sufficient to support efficient growth without impacting body composition in juvenile largemouth bass when fed a diet containing 40% crude protein.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract.— A 12-wk feeding trial was conducted in aquaria with juvenile (36.0 ± 1.2 g) largemouth bass Microptents salmoides to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of methionine, lysine, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on growth, feed conversion and body composition. Diets were formulated to increase dietary concentrations of methionine. lysine, and PUFAs to match levels found in whole body samples of largemouth bass. The control diet was formulated similar to diets previously tested for largemouth bass. Diets 2 and 3 were similar to the control diet hut were supplemented with 2% lysine and 1% methionine, respectively. Diet 4 was formulated to increase PUFAs, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3), by replacing menhaden fish oil with squid oil. Fish were fed all they would consume in 10 min, twice daily. At harvest, there were no statistically significant differences ( P > 0.05) in average individual weight or specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed the four diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of largemouth bass fed the diet supplemented with methionine (1.7) was significantly lower ( P ≤ 0.05) than fish fed the control diet (2.5). Fish fed the diet high in PUFA had significantly lower ( P ≤ 0.05) whole body lipid levels and significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) protein levels than fish fed the other three diets. These data indicate that the control diet in this study likely contained sufficient lysine, methionine and PUFA to meet the requirements of largemouth bass; however, additional methionine may improve feed conversion efficiency, and increased levels of PUFAs or other factors in squid oil may have a significant impact on body composition.  相似文献   

13.
Juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , trained to accept artificial diets, were stocked into six 0.04-ha ponds at stocking densities of either 6,175 or 12,350 fish/ha. Fish were fed a floating custom-formulated diet, containing 44% protein, once daily to satiation for 12 mo (May 1994–May 1995). At final harvest, the total yield of fish was significantly greater (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower, for bass stocked at the higher density (4,598 kg/ha and 2.3, respectively) than when stocked at the lower density (2,354 kg/ha and 3.3, respectively). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in average weight, length, or survival of bass stocked at the two densities. Averaged over the study period, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrogen, or un-ionized ammonia concentrations in ponds in which bass were stocked at the two densities. These data indicate that largemouth bass of the size used in this study are amenable to pond culture at densities of at least 12,350 fish/ha and that higher stocking densities may be possible.  相似文献   

14.
宋博文  杨航  冷向军  徐禛  姚文祥  李小勤 《水产学报》2023,47(5):059613-059613
为确定大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量,在含锰5.2 mg/kg的半精制饲料中分别添加0、4、8、16、32和64 mg/kg锰(以MnSO4·H2O形式),制成6种不同锰水平的饲料(5.2、9.6、13.5、20.7、 38.3和67.9 mg/kg),投喂初始体重(16.00±0.07) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼10周。结果显示,在基础饲料中添加锰,可显著提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的增重率,降低饲料系数,各组增重率与饲料系数在锰含量达到13.5 mg/kg后基本稳定。随饲料中锰含量的增加,血清T-SOD、Mn-SOD活性和全鱼、脊椎骨中的锰含量上升,并在饲料锰含量达到20.7mg/kg后趋于稳定,而血清丙二醛含量则表现为下降的趋势。全鱼铁、骨铁、骨锌和全鱼锰沉积率随饲料锰含量的增加而下降。研究表明,在半精制饲料中补充锰可以促进大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、提高饲料利用率、血清抗氧化能力、全鱼和骨锰的沉积。以增重率、饲料系数、全鱼锰和骨锰为评价指标,经折线回归分析,大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量分别为18.3、20.5、21.1和23.4 mg/kg干物质。  相似文献   

15.
在基础饲料中用发酵桑叶分别替代0、15%、30%鱼粉,再对30%鱼粉替代水平饲料补充晶体赖氨酸和蛋氨酸,配制成4种等能等氮(CP 42%,GE 18 MJ/Kg)的实验饲料,分别表示为D_1、D2、D_3和D4,饲喂大口黑鲈(初始体质量10 g)8周,研究发酵桑叶替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,发酵桑叶替代30%鱼粉会显著降低大口黑鲈的终末体质量、特定生长率(SGR)、脏体比(VSI)和肝体比(HSI),补充晶体氨基酸(CAA)后会明显改善大口黑鲈的生长性能。各实验组蛋白质效率、饲料系数、摄食率、肥满度以及全鱼常规组成均无显著差异。发酵桑叶替代30%鱼粉会显著降低大口黑鲈血清总胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量,提高HDL-C/CHO和HDL-C/LDL-C比值。随发酵桑叶替代水平的增加,大口黑鲈血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著升高。研究表明,发酵桑叶替代适宜水平鱼粉不会影响大口黑鲈的生长,而替代鱼粉水平过高会显著抑制大口黑鲈的生长,但可以改善大口黑鲈的脂质代谢和机体抗氧化能力。饲料中补充晶体氨基酸可以提高桑叶的利用率,促进大口黑鲈生长。  相似文献   

16.
Demand for food size and trophy largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, is steadily increasing. However, largemouth bass, a carnivorous species, are more difficult to feed habituate than other commercially produced fish. Improving current feed habituation techniques to increase the percentage of fingerlings successfully feed habituated would increase profits, productivity and efficiency, and available product in the largemouth bass industry. The focus of this research was to evaluate different combinations of automatic feeders and supplemental hand feeding to determine the feed habituation success under commercial largemouth bass production conditions. Hand feeding, using only automatic feeders, or combinations of both, did not result in significant differences with regard to survival or feed habituation success. Initial fingerling size (total length, TL) was found to be the most important factor affecting survival and feed habituation success. Fish ranging from 40 to 50 mm (TL) survived and feed habituated at significantly higher rates than 30–40 and 50–60 mm (TL) fingerlings. Medium‐sized fish provide the best results in terms of feed habituation success and survival. The results suggest any combination of hand feeding and automatic feeders may be used to achieve feed habituating success in largemouth bass.  相似文献   

17.
Palmetto bass are produced by crossing the female striped bass, Morone saxatilis, with the male white bass, Morone chrysops; whereas, the sunshine bass is the reciprocal cross. The hybrid striped bass industry typically rears sunshine bass in earthen ponds, because of the ease of handling, availability, and early maturation of the white bass female broodstock. Growth performance has been assumed similar between the crosses. Under commercial pond conditions, sunshine bass (19.8 ± 0.4 g (mean ± SEM)) and palmetto bass (23.2 ± 0.3 g) were grown to market size (617.0 ± 17.2 g sunshine and 620 ± 3.6 g palmetto) within 15 mo, yielding 4532.6 kg/ha. The net production between the crosses was not significantly different and averaged 4373.4 kg/ha. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of sunshine bass (FCR 1.70) was better (P = 0.0158) than palmetto bass (FCR 1.76). Commercial processing metrics of each cross demonstrated significant differences, with sunshine bass exhibiting lower frame waste (P = 0.0457) than palmetto bass, probably due to fish body shape or conformational differences at this size. Without growth performance differences between the hybrids, there might be an advantage to rearing sunshine bass due to the slightly better FCR and increased skinless boneless fillet yield.  相似文献   

18.
The main objectives of this study were to approximate the maximum yield and evaluate size dispersion of stocker size largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides reared in a semi‐closed recirculating system for 60 days. Fingerlings with an average body weight of 36.7 g were utilized for the study. An experimental system consisting of 18 square plastic tanks (165 L) equipped with a radial flow settler, a sump, a moving bed filter, a centrifugal pump, a rapid sand filter, a down‐flow oxygen saturator and a UV sterilizer was utilized for the trial. The system was operated semi‐closed, accounting for a daily exchange rate of 30–50% of total system water volume. Experimental stocking densities were 4.5, 9.1, 18.8, 36.5, 54.6 and 73 kg m?3 with three replicates per treatment. At the end of the experimental trial, largemouth bass showed acceptable feed conversion (1.00–1.48), specific growth rate (1.16–1.45% day?1) and survival rate (81.8–96.6%) in all treatments, displaying the highest performance at an initial stocking density range of 18–36 kg m?3. Based on a piecewise regression model with breakpoint analysis, maximum yield of largemouth bass fingerlings should not exceed 70 kg m?3. As stocking density increased, relatively more underweight fingerlings were produced with a higher uniformity of fatness.  相似文献   

19.
The effects of stocking density on food‐size largemouth bass (LMB), Micropterus salmoides, production (>0.5 kg) were evaluated in a 2‐yr study by stocking LMB fingerlings (mean weight = 57 g/fish) in 0.1‐ha earthen ponds at rates of 6175, 12,350, or 18,525 fish/ha. Gross yields increased from 3989 to 9096 kg/ha as stocking density increased. No significant differences were observed in survival rates (range of 65–74%) due to density. Maximum feed consumption occurred at water temperatures of 27–30 C. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mean harvest weight were significantly different (P < 0.05) among densities, with the lowest FCR and the lowest mean weight found at the highest density (18,525 fish/ha). At harvest, LMB were considered to be in good condition with relative weight (Wr) values of 123–124. Dressout yield percentages were 61–62% for whole‐dressed LMB and 34–35% for shank filets. LMB grew well and reached a size adequate for targeted shank filet sizes. However, the production costs of $7.26–$9.34/kg mean that LMB production for a filet market is unlikely to be feasible. Research to lower LMB fingerling and feed costs and improved FCR would contribute to improved economic feasibility.  相似文献   

20.
Variation in individual size has important consequences for a number of characteristics of fish, which can impact fish populations. The impact of fish size on recovery following exercise, however, is poorly understood, with little information existing on the recovery of ionic/osmotic variables. The goal of this study was to quantify not only how allometry impacts the magnitude of physiological disturbance following burst exercise in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), but also how allometry impacts the time required for exercise-induced disturbances to return to baseline levels. To accomplish this goal, two size classes of largemouth bass (large = 772–1,441 g total weight, mean = 1,125 g; small = 93–238 g, mean = 148 g) were exercised for 60 s and allowed to recover for 0, 1, 2, or 4 h before being sampled for plasma and white muscle. Large largemouth bass exhibited elevated concentrations of plasma glucose and sodium relative to small fish following a common exercise challenge. Large fish required additional time to clear metabolic disturbances in plasma and failed to restore potassium to basal levels even following 4 h of recovery, indicating an improved ability of the smaller fish to recover from disturbances. Results are further discussed in the context of physiological ecology and fitness for largemouth bass.  相似文献   

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