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1.
胡萝卜红外干燥特性与干燥模型研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
为探讨物料在红外干燥过程中的水分变化规律,以胡萝卜为原料,研究干燥温度和切片厚度对干燥特性的影响并建立数学模型,并以Fick扩散定律和Arrhenius方程为依据,计算水分扩散系数和干燥活化能。结果表明,胡萝卜的切片厚度及干燥温度对其红外干燥特性有显著影响,温度越高,切片越薄,胡萝卜的干燥速率越快,其干燥温度及切片厚度的适宜范围分别为1~3 mm和70~90℃。Page模型预测值与实测值比较吻合,可用来描述胡萝卜干燥动力学过程。在不同的切片厚度和干燥温度下,有效水分扩散系数在0.26×10~(-10)~34.18×10~(-10)m~2·s~(-1)范围内随干燥温度和切片厚度的增加而增大。厚度为1、3、5、7 mm的干燥活化能分别为31.62、31.17、31.14、35.72 k J/mol。  相似文献   

2.
为了解马铃薯片的热风干燥特性,以新鲜马铃薯为原料,研究不同装料量、热风温度和切片厚度对马铃薯片热风干燥特性的影响,并建立热风干燥动力学模型。试验结果表明：热风温度、切片厚度和装料量均显著影响马铃薯片的热风干燥特性,热风温度越高,切片厚度越薄,马铃薯片的干燥速率越快,干燥时间越短;马铃薯片热风干燥过程无明显的恒速阶段,主要以降速干燥为主。通过对6种动力学模型拟合发现,Wang-Singh模型具有较高的决定系数R2和较低的卡方(χ2),试验值和模型预测值能较好地吻合,该模型能够准确地表达和预测马铃薯片热风干燥过程的水分变化规律。  相似文献   

3.
以新鲜柠檬为原料,研究切片厚度(2,3,4 mm)对柠檬片干燥特性及相关品质的影响,以确定适合柠檬片热风干燥的最佳切片厚度。结果表明,柠檬片整个干燥过程是一个降速阶段,随着切片厚度的增加,干燥速率降低,干燥时间延长,水分有效扩散系数减小。其中,切片厚度为3 mm的柠檬片在室温和高温(75℃)下的复水比都较高且复水后结构完整、色泽好,干制的柠檬片组织较完整、收缩比较低。因此,综合柠檬片热风干燥特性及相关品质,切片厚度为3 mm是适合柠檬片热风干燥的最佳厚度。  相似文献   

4.
为了制得优良的怀山药干制品,通过改变切片厚度及角度研究怀山药组织结构中轴向微管在干燥过程中暴露的程度和角度对其干燥特性的影响。以有效水分扩散系数为指标,在70℃下对怀山药进行鼓风干燥,通过单因素试验得到最佳切片厚度为5 mm;在此基础上,研究切片角度对怀山药干燥特性影响,以复水比为指标,研究结果表明,在切片厚度5 mm,切片角度45°时怀山药切片的干燥特性最佳。  相似文献   

5.
研究微波真空干燥处理操作参数(微波功率、真空度和切片厚度)对铁棍山药多糖得率及其干燥特性的影响。以多糖得率为试验指标,采用3因素3水平正交试验,对铁棍山药的微波真空干燥工艺参数进行优化。试验结果表明,铁棍山药微波真空干燥过程中干燥阶段特征明显。所获取的铁棍山药多糖的最佳微波真空干燥操作参数为:微波功率1 200 W,真空度0.04 MPa,切片厚度8 mm。此工艺条件下铁棍山药多糖实测得率为10.01%。  相似文献   

6.
以解冻后的蓝莓为原料,在不同的热风温度、装载量和热风风速下进行热风干燥,绘制蓝莓的热风干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线,研究不同干燥条件下蓝莓的干燥特性,并利用SAS 8.0软件对试验数据进行拟合,构建蓝莓热风干燥数学模型。结果表明,热风温度、装载量、热风风速对其干燥过程影响程度依次减小;蓝莓热风干燥符合Page模型,其数学模型为ln(-ln MR)=ln[0.000 644-(7.15×10~(-6))T+0.000 518V-(3.91×10~(-7))P]+(0.429 3-0.123 9T+0.014 0V-0.000 40P)lnt。  相似文献   

7.
为了充分利用天津的青萝卜资源,对其热泵干燥工艺优化和干燥过程中的动力学模型进行探索。研究了护色剂对青萝卜护色效果的影响、青萝卜在不同温度和厚度下的热泵干燥特性。结果表明,在护绿措施中采用硫酸铜350 mg/kg,乙酸锌250 mg/kg,氯化钙250 mg/kg达到最佳护色效果。通过Page模型、Logarithmic模型和ModifiedPage 3种模型的比较研究,根据试验数据进行分析,比较了R2,RMSE的大小,最终确定适合其干燥的最佳动力学模型为Page模型,同时该模型的理论值和试验值相接近,验证了该模型的正确性,预测出青萝卜热泵干燥过程中水分的变化规律,得到了最佳热泵干燥技术参数为干燥温度65℃,青萝卜切片厚度4 mm。  相似文献   

8.
设计了2因素(脉冲频率和电场强度)3水平的正交试验,以干燥时间为试验指标,探索脉冲电场预处理对马铃薯微波干燥特性的影响。通过直接分析和极差分析,并与未处理样品进行比较,结果表明脉冲频率比电场强度对马铃薯微波干燥时间的影响略大;其中,最优组合(40Hz,1.5kV/cm)的脉冲电场预处理可使马铃薯微波干燥的时间减少23%。  相似文献   

9.
以新鲜苦瓜为原料,研究切片厚度分别为2,4,6 mm的苦瓜片在65℃热风干燥后,其热风干燥特性及理化品质的变化。结果表明,切片厚度对苦瓜片干燥特性和理化品质具有重要影响。在65℃热风干燥下,切片厚度从6 mm减至2 mm,干基含水量和水分比下降增快,干燥速率增快,有效扩散速率减小。同时,随着切片厚度减小,干制苦瓜片复水比越大,收缩比越小,干制品色泽越好。因此,结合苦瓜片热风干燥特性及品质变化,切片厚度为4 mm是进行苦瓜片热风干燥的适宜厚度。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究不同因素对热风干燥特性的影响,以胡萝卜为研究对象进行热风干燥试验,分析干燥后胡萝卜的外观品质、复水时间、VC保存量、能耗等指标。对上述指标值进行加权平均,结果表明,热风干燥胡萝卜的最优参数为切片厚度4 mm,装载量100 g,干燥温度80℃。  相似文献   

11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

12.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

13.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

14.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

16.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

17.
T. Visser  E. H. Oost 《Euphytica》1981,30(1):65-70
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.  相似文献   

18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...  相似文献   

19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf 1) and recessive for the other (Rf 2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph 3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf 1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf 1and Rf 2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf 1, and 0.15 for Lf 1-Sph 3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph 3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf 1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph 3. Poor performance of lf 1- (and possibly lf 2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).  相似文献   

20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.  相似文献   

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