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1.
The efficacy and safety of a vaccination during anaesthesia was examined in 20 puppies from 8 litters of one kennel. The animals were vaccinated in a state of reflex-free anaesthesia (neuroleptanalgesia in combination with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen). 20 puppies from the same litters were used as controls. A parvovirus living vaccine (Canimed) and a rabies vaccine from inactivated viruses (Rabisin) were used for the vaccinations. The titers of neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus were significantly lower in the group of anaesthetized animals compared to the control group on the 10th and 20th day p.vacc. The average titers of antibodies against parvovirus of both groups, however, do not allow any statistically significant statements. It is nevertheless remarkable that 6 of the anaesthetized puppies (three different litters) showed no increase in antibodies. The results of the investigations lead to the recommendation not to vaccinate anaesthetized puppies. The risk of reducing the efficacy of vaccinations with vaccines from inactivated agents is greater than with living vaccines. 相似文献
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Vaccination strategies have traditionally been used as preventative or prophylactic measures against disease (prophylactic immunization) in uninfected fish. Alternatively, therapeutic or remedial measures, such as antibiotic administration, are commonly employed to treat disease in infected fish. Vaccination as a therapeutic measure (therapeutic immunization), however, has not been adequately explored in sub‐clinically infected fish. Therapeutic and prophylactic immunization with three Streptococcus iniae vaccines, formalin‐killed whole S. iniae cells (FKC vaccine), concentrated S. iniae extracellular products (greater than 2 kDa) (ECP vaccine) and a combination of killed cells and extracellular products (FKC+ECP vaccine), were tested in hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops×Morone saxatilis, previously naturally infected with S. iniae. Fish (mean weight 10.0 g) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) or intramuscularly (IM) with one of each of the vaccines, tryptic soy broth (TSB‐control) or non‐injected (non‐injected control) to evaluate therapeutic effects (Trial 1). Survivors of the natural infection and ECP and FKC+ECP vaccine immunization and another lot of non‐injected control fish were immersion challenged with 1.47 × 106 CFU of S. iniae mL?1 at 44 days post‐immunization to evaluate vaccine efficacy (Trial 2). Hybrid striped bass (1.0 g) were also IM injected with S. iniae ECP vaccine at an aquaculture facility and immersion challenged with 1.47 × 106 CFU of S. iniae mL?1 12 weeks post‐immunization (Trial 3). The ECP and FKC+ECP vaccines, regardless of injection route, significantly (P<0.001) increased survival in asymptomatic, sub‐clinically infected fish thereby providing therapeutic merit. Hybrid bass immunized IP or IM had mean per cent survival values ranging from 78 to 96 at 44 days post‐immunization (Trial 1) and 69–97 post challenge (Trial 2). Survival of fish injected with TSB or immunized with FKC vaccine was significantly lowered and ranged from 12 to 13 by IP injection and 40 to 50 by IM injection and thus, the FKC vaccine had no therapeutic effect. The survival of hybrid striped bass IM immunized with S. iniae ECP vaccine in field Trial 3 was 91 and the RPS was 83. These results demonstrate that therapeutic immunization using S. iniae ECP and FKC+ECP vaccines can control a natural S. iniae infection. Furthermore, S. iniae ECP or FKC+ECP vaccines can also be used prophylacticly to protect hybrid striped bass against subsequent pathogen challenge. 相似文献
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Madetoja J Lönnström LG Björkblom C Uluköy G Bylund G Syvertsen C Gravningen K Norderhus EA Wiklund T 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(1):9-20
Efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against Flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. The vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (Fd and Th) or a combination of serologically different F. psychrophilum (Fd and/or Th and/or Fp(T);Th). Specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were evaluated post-vaccination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Efficacy of the vaccinations was determined by challenge trials to F. psychrophilum with the vaccinated rainbow trout. Significantly higher antibody levels in plasma were detected in vaccinated fish compared with mock-vaccinated fish. Injection vaccination did not trigger specific antibody production in the skin mucus. Significantly higher survival of i.p. vaccinated fish compared with non-vaccinated fish was observed during the challenge. The results suggest that mineral oil-based injectable vaccines containing formalin- or heat-inactivated virulent cells of F. psychrophilum effectively triggered specific antibody production and protected the fish against bacterial cold water disease. 相似文献
5.
W Becker 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(1):61-63
From 1981 until 1987 we investigated the more detailed circumstances regarding a prophylactic vaccination in altogether 37 stud farms with a history of virus abortion. In 23 cases, in which Prevaccinol and/or Resequin were used, it was found that the following of vaccination schedule and necessary immunization programmes respectively, had considerable imperfections. In seven cases prophylactic vaccinations were not carried out or corresponding questionnaires were not answered. The fact that in the present data no case of virus abortion was observed, when the mare was vaccinated according to the instructions within a regular vaccinated population, certainly speaks for the vaccination. Of course the inquiries made have also shown that in practice it is very difficult to meet all the requirements fixed in the instructions for immunization. But with regard to the general problems at control of herpes virus infections and at avoidance of any discrimination of the vaccination, these requirements may not be loosened. Those who are concerned must be aware of the fact that every variation of the vaccination instructions is linked to an increased risk of illness and that vaccination cannot substitute a sound management. 相似文献
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Anderson E Clouthier S Shewmaker W Weighall A LaPatra S 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(10):729-745
The inactivation dynamics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) by b-propiolactone (BPL), binary ethylenimine (BEI), formaldehyde or heat and the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the inactivated vaccines were evaluated. Chemical treatment of IHNV with 2.7 mm BPL, 1.5 mm BEI or 50 mm formaldehyde abolished virus infectivity within 48 h whereas heat treatment at 50 or 100 degrees C rendered the virus innocuous within 30 min. The inactivated IHNV vaccines were recognized by rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, IHNV-specific antibodies and were differentially recognized by antigenic site I or antigenic site II IHNV glycoprotein-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. The BPL inactivated whole virus vaccine was highly efficacious in vaccinated rainbow trout challenged by waterborne exposure to IHNV 7, 28, 42 or 56 days (15 degrees C) after immunization. The formaldehyde inactivated whole virus vaccine was efficacious 7 or 11 days after vaccination of rainbow trout but performed inconsistently when tested at later time points. The other vaccines tested were not efficacious. 相似文献
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为比较鱼源乳酸菌表达系统口服疫苗在不同免疫程序下诱导鱼免疫应答水平的差异,确定鱼源乳酸菌表达系统口服免疫虹鳟幼鱼的免疫程序。本研究构建了重组表达IPNV VP2-VP3蛋白的鱼源植物乳杆菌L1212,将重组菌pPG612-VP2-VP3/L1212包裹颗粒饲料,口服免疫虹鳟幼鱼。免疫程序分为连续免疫组、免疫1 d后间隔1 d再免疫1 d组、连续免疫4 d后32 d加强免疫1次组和间隔免疫后32 d加强免疫1次组。免疫后进行尾动脉采血,间接ELISA方法检测各组血清抗体效价,免疫接种66 d后,腹腔注射IPNV,计算各组相对免疫保护率。确定颗粒饲料按照1 mL/g比例与108 CFU/mL重组菌pPG612-VP2-VP3/L1212和2.5%海藻酸钠混合,于20℃烘干制备口服疫苗。间隔免疫组血清抗体效价和攻毒保护率均显著高于其他组,并且免疫2次的间隔免疫组的血清抗体效价和攻毒保护率均显著高于免疫1次间隔免疫组。采用重组菌包被颗粒饲料饲喂虹鳟幼鱼,间隔免疫的免疫程序和免疫保护率优于连续免疫的免疫程序,对IPNV的入侵起到保护作用。 相似文献
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Y. SANTOS I. BANDIN S. NUÑEZ K. GRAVNINGEN A. E. TORANZO 《Journal of fish diseases》1991,14(3):407-411
Abstact. The potency of a whole-cell bacterin (WCB) and a toxoid enriched whole-cell vaccine (WCEB) administered intraperitoncally into rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Richardson), were compared. The most effective vaccine was further evaluated by bathing turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). These vaccines were composed of three strains of V. anguillarun , of the serotypes 01 and 02. Both vaccines conferred the highest protection against strains of serotype 01 within 4 weeks. With the toxoid enriched vaccine giving the best results (77 RPS). When trout were revaccinated after 7 weeks with this vaccine, good protection was achieved against strains of serotypes 01 and 02. Interestingly, when the WCEB was administered by bath to turbot, acceptable levels of protection against strains of both serotypes were obtained after 4 weeks of immunization. 相似文献
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Kennel-specific oral E. coli vaccines were tested for efficacy and side effects at breeding and boarding kennels with severe diarrhoea problems. Oral vaccines contained heat inactivated E. coli bacteria from specific kennels and were given once daily for 14 days. Oral vaccines were administered directly orally to puppies while for adult dogs vaccines were mixed with daily food rations. In breeding kennels with 4 to 10 week old puppies suffering from non-fatal diarrhoea, the oral immunization led to a decrease in morbidity from 86.5% to 0%. In kennels with some cases of fatal diarrhoea the rate of morbidity decreased from 45% to 21% and the mortality rate from 25% to 10.3% after using the vaccination. By vaccinating adult dogs in boarding kennels the morbidity rate dropped from 83.5% to 6.5% and the mortality rate from 4.1% to 0.5%. The kennel specific oral E. coli vaccine was found to be free of side effects. No adverse effects were observed in either puppies or adult dogs. 相似文献
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Abstract. Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchell, fry were divided into eight age groups of 1–8 weeks post-hatch (wph) and immunized by a single direct immersion in formalin-inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus ( ipnv ). After a direct-immersion ipnv challenge given 4 weeks later, only fry immunized at 2, 3 and 6wph showed protection. The relative per cent survival 60 days after ipnv challenge was highest in 2 and 3 wph fry (45–50%) and decreased as fish increased in age or size. The same response was obtained one year later when four age groups of fry, from 1 to 4wph, were immunized with a different serotype and dose of ipnv . The 2 and 3 wph fry had mean weights between 49 and 60mg at immunization. Killed vaccines administered by immersion have not previously been reported as inducing protection in salmonid fry of such low weights. Analysis of the growth of the fry suggests that protection against IPNV requires immunization in the eleutheroembryo phase, during the time of slow weight gain. This appears to be in direct contrast to the stage of ontogeny and weight growth rate required for successful immunization against the bacterial pathogen Vibrio anguillarum. Although immunization with two ipnv serotypes reduced mortalities from challenges with these same virus isolates, it did not prevent ipnv infection of fry in any age group. 相似文献
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鲤疱疹病毒3型(Cyprinid herpesvirus 3, CyHV-3)又称为锦鲤疱疹病毒(Koi herpesvirus, KHV),是一种高传染性、致死性病毒。为开发新型CyHV-3 DNA疫苗,前期研究中将CyHV-3 ORF148基因插入pEGFP-N1构建重组质粒,在此基础上,本研究通过转染试验、间接免疫荧光试验证实pORF148-EGFP融合蛋白可以在CCB-J细胞系和建鲤体内表达;将重组质粒作为DNA疫苗,肌肉注射免疫建鲤鱼苗,ELISA检测表明免疫pEGFP-ORF148重组质粒可以显著提高建鲤血清特异性抗体水平; RT-qPCR检测显示,免疫pEGFP-ORF148重组质粒后,建鲤脾脏和头肾中的免疫相关基因如IFN-a1、Mx-1、CXCa、CXCR1、TNF-α、IL-1β及IgM基因表达量均显著提高。攻毒实验显示, CyHV-3攻毒21 d后, PBS组、pEGFP-N1组和pEGFP-ORF148组的建鲤存活率分别为30%、35%和85%,免疫pEGFP-ORF148可以显著提高建鲤的存活率(P0.01)。本研究旨在为CyHV-3 DNA疫苗的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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To determine whether olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) immunized with lysate of Philasterides dicentrarchi could be protected immobilization antigen (i-antigen) type independently, fish were immunized with lysate of ciliates obtained from in vitro cultures or ciliates obtained from infected fish. Fish immunized with ciliates obtained from infected fish were completely protected against artificial infection with in vitro cultured P. dicentrarchi, in spite of a weak or no serum agglutination activity against in vitro cultured ciliates. The present results indicate that i-antigen-independent protection was elicited by immunization of fish with the ciliates lysate, and the cultured ciliates would provide a good source for preparation of vaccines, which are cross-protective against various i-antigen types of P. dicentrarchi. 相似文献
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Immunogenicity of vaccines from a virulent and an a virulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Injected vaccines consisting of formalin-killed cells and extracellular antigens prepared from a virulent and an avirulent strain of Aeromonas salmonicida were tested for their efficacy in protecting juvenile coho salmon. Oncorhychus kisutch (Walbaum). Against experimental furunculosis following active and passive immunization. Sera used in the passive immunization experiments were raised in subadult coho salmon and in rabbits. Results indicated that the avirulent strain was inferior to the virulent strain in its immunogenicity for coho salmon. Thus, even though avirulent cells possessed at least one immunogen–an immunogen that was show in passive immunization experiments to be well recognized by rabbits–the immunogen was only inefficiently protection when vaccinated with avirulent cells. Furher, extracellular antigens of the avirulent strain were not protective for coho salmon even though they elicited the production of anti- A. salmonicida agglutinins. In contrast, the killed cells and extracellular antigens of the virulent strain were both immunogenic in coho salmon. By passively immunizing coho salmon with rabbit sera raised against the virulent and the virulent strain produced at least two immunogens, only one of which was shared in common with the avirulent strain. The extra immunogen possessed by the virulent strain is presumably responsible for its superior immunogenicity in coho salmon; the immunogen had the properties of a protein and is believed to be the A-protein. 相似文献
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M. J. Marsden A. Devoy L. M. Vaughan T. J. Foster C. J. Secombes 《Aquaculture International》1996,4(1):55-66
A genetically attenuated strain of Aeromonas salmonicida has been developed that has a complete deletion of the aroA gene (Brivax II), making it suitable for development as a commercial vaccine. Brivax II was effectively cleared from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, a species highly susceptible to furunculosis, confirming that it is attenuated. Clearance rate was dependent on the vaccine dose administered, being longer with higher doses. Immunological studies using Brivax II injected in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, confirmed that live vaccines stimulate a greater response, in terms of generating leucocytes able to proliferate to a subsequent encounter with antigen, relative to killed vaccines. Development of strains of Brivax II as carriers of heterologous antigens was also investigated. Escherichia coli -galactosidase was chosen as the model antigen, and three strains containing plasmids with the LacZ gene were constructed (Brivax 12, Brivax 61 and Brivax 107). All three strains were shown to express -galactosidase in vivo in rainbow trout and to be cleared effectively. Interestingly, Brivax 107 was cleared faster than the other two Lac+ strains and had the highest level of -galactosidase activity. The two strains expressing lower levels of activity also behaved differently in vivo, in that Brivax 12 accumulated derivatives expressing lower levels of -galactosidase activity, suggesting that mutants are being selected in vivo. The potential advantages of live vaccines over killed vaccines are discussed. 相似文献
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尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)是世界水产养殖业中的重要经济鱼类,但在养殖生产中易受海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染而致病致死,使用疫苗是一种相对理想的防感染措施。该研究采用海豚链球菌simA、pgmA基因构建的真核表达载体作为DNA疫苗,肌肉注射罗非鱼评估疫苗保护效果。免疫后在DNA和RNA水平上,在注射鱼体内检测到2个目的基因。首次免疫后第7至第28天,鳃、肝、肾脏、头肾中疫苗组的白介素1 (Interleukin,IL-1β)与肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor,TNF-α)表达量高于PBS对照组;疫苗组的抗体滴度、血清抗菌活性显著(P<0.05)高于PBS对照组。攻毒后,注射pcDNA3.1-pgmA、pcDNA3.1-simA、pcDNA3.1-pgmA与pcDNA3.1-simA等比例混合疫苗的相对保护率(Relative percent survival,RPS)分别为60.7%、49.9%和75.0%。结果表明所制备的疫苗具有免疫保护效果,可作为候选疫苗。 相似文献
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Jos Gustavo Ramírez‐Paredes Miguel Angel Mendoza‐Roldan Benjamin Lopez‐Jimena Khalid Shahin Matthijs Metselaar Kim D. Thompson David J. Penman Randolph H. Richards Alexandra Adams 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(8):1191-1200
Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis is a pathogen of tilapia and other warm‐water fish for which no vaccines are commercially available. In this study, a whole cell formalin‐inactivated vaccine was developed for the first time using the highly virulent isolate STIR‐GUS‐F2f7 and the oil‐based adjuvant Montanide? ISA 763A VG. The efficacy of the vaccine was assessed in red Nile tilapia via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection using homologous experimental infection and correlates of protection such as seral antibody production and bacterial loads in the spleen. For immunization, fish were i.p. injected with 0.1 ml of the vaccine, the adjuvant alone or PBS. At 840 degree days post‐vaccination, all fish were i.p. injected with 4.0 × 103 CFU/fish of pathogenic bacteria. The RPS at the end of the trial was 100% in the vaccinated group with significantly higher survival than in the adjuvant and control groups. The RPS in the adjuvant group was 42%, and no significant difference was seen in survival between this and the PBS group. Moreover, significantly higher antibody titres in the serum and significantly lower bacterial loads in the spleen were detected in the vaccinated fish by ELISA and qPCR, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of autogenous vaccines for controlling francisellosis in tilapia. 相似文献
17.
Immunization with recombinant aerolysin and haemolysin protected channel catfish against virulent Aeromonas hydrophila 
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下载免费PDF全文 Aeromonas hydrophila is emerging as one of the major concerns in catfish aquaculture in the Southeastern United States due to recent outbreaks of motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) caused by virulent clonal isolates. There is no effective vaccine currently available for the prevention of MAS. In this study, two virulence‐associated proteins of A. hydrophila, aerolysin and haemolysin, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Recombinant aerolysin (rArl) and haemolysin (rHly) were used to immunize catfish. Both rArl‐ and rHly‐induced humoral immune response as evidenced by immunoblotting and cell agglutination; immunized fish had significantly less mortality as compared to control fish upon challenge with virulent A. hydrophila. When a mixture of rArl and rHly was used to immunize the fish, significantly higher relative per cent survival (RPS) was obtained. Sustained RPS of 71–78% were observed at 2–5 weeks post immunization. The results of this study indicated that immunization against aerolysin and haemolysin had significant impact on the establishment of pathogenesis by A. hydrophila, suggesting that these two proteins could serve as general immunogens for future development of recombinant protein vaccines. 相似文献
18.
Amir Abbas Bazyar Lakeh Hamid Farahmand Werner Kloas Alireza Mirvaghefi Achim Trubiroha Brian C. Peterson Sven Wuertz 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(1):11-21
Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were passively immunized by intraperitoneal immunization against somatostatin-14 (SS-14) using an antibody originating from egg-laying chicken (Gallus domesticus). Fish were immunized weekly (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days) with chicken egg yolk-derived immunoglobulin (IgY) against SS-14 (1:25 IgY, 5 mg mL?1), and growth performance, feed utilization as well as plasma concentrations and mRNA levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were compared to the control group that received placebo immunization with PBS. Passive immunization significantly increased weight gain of treated fish (67.7 ± 7.4 g) compared to the control group (40.1 ± 2.0 g) after 35 days (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in the immunized fish (0.7 ± 0.08) compared to control group (1.2 ± 0.06) (p < 0.05). The concentrations of GH and IGF-I in the blood plasma showed no significant differences between the fish treated with anti-SS-14 and those of control during the treatment (p > 0.05). In both groups, GH levels decreased over the 35 days of the experiment (p < 0.05). However, IGF-I level during the period of treatment remained unchanged in both control and immunized fish with the anti-SS-14. Similarly, no changes were observed in pituitary GH and liver IGF-I mRNA levels between treatment and control at each sampling time (p > 0.05). There was no indication of a cumulative, long-lasting effect of repeated immunization on GH or IGF-I plasma concentrations or mRNA expression. The present study shows that a passive immunization of rainbow trout against SS-14 using a chicken egg yolk-derived SS-14 antibody could increase growth rate and improved FCR. 相似文献
19.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):153-158
In this work, we evaluated the effect of the inclusion of different adjuvants in the vaccine formulation against Lactococcus garvieae in comparison with an aqueous bacterin. The aqueous and non mineral oil adjuvanted vaccines (Montanide-ISA-763-A and Aquamun) yielded a good protection 4 weeks after the immunization (RPS of 82.6, 84.8 and 86.9, respectively). The protective rates obtained for the adjuvants Montanide-IMS-2212 (water based nanoparticles with immunostimulant) and Carbomer (high molecular weight polymer organic of polyacrylic acid) were 45.7% and 56.5%, respectively. We also evaluated the duration of protection confered by Aquamun adjuvanted-vaccine in comparison with the aqueous bacterin. Three months after vaccination, the RPS values obtained with the aqueous vaccine was 40% whereas with the Aquamun adjuvanted-vaccine the protection increased to values of 92%. In addition, a long lasting protection was observed with this adjuvanted vaccine with RPS values of 90% and 83.3% in the challenges performed at 6 and 8 months post-vaccination, respectively. 相似文献
20.
Studies on the antibody response and side effects after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) with different oil‐based vaccines 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T Erkinharju M R Lundberg E Isdal I Hordvik R A Dalmo T Seternes 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(12):1805-1813
Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) is used as a biological delousing agent for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis K.) infestations in Norwegian aquaculture. Here, we present a study on the antibody response and vaccine side effects after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of lumpfish with two vaccines. Both vaccines contained bacterial antigens from atypical Aeromonas salmonicida A‐layer types V and VI, Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 and Moritella viscosa sp., but one vaccine contained a vegetable oil‐based adjuvant, while the other contained a mineral oil‐based adjuvant. Intramuscular injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine caused a high acute mortality of fish within 48 hr after immunization. Intraperitoneal injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine resulted in a lower severity of intra‐abdominal side effects than the vegetable oil‐based vaccine. Intramuscular injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine resulted in a significantly higher antibody response against A. salmonicida when compared to controls and the vegetable oil‐based vaccine group. The antibody response was poor against V. anguillarum and M. viscosa for all groups. Our results indicate that intramuscular injection of oil‐based vaccines might be feasible for providing immunological protection for Atlantic lumpfish against bacterial diseases, especially atypical A. salmonicida, but more work is required to identity optimal adjuvants. 相似文献