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1.
报道了凡纳滨对虾无特定病原 (SPF)育苗技术及养成试验效果。试验结果表明 ,平均单位水体出苗12 .88× 10 4ind/m3 ,育苗成活率 86 .15 % ;2 0 0 2年养成试验的对虾平均体重 34.318g/ind ,平均体长 14 .75 5cm/ind ,而对照池对虾平均体重 2 5 .793g/ind ,平均体长 13.0 33cm/ind。养成试验显示 ,放养优质无特定病原虾苗的池塘 ,平均可增产 4 6 .4 5 % ,成活率提高 7.4 6个百分点。  相似文献   

2.
在全埋式无地沟无法吸污的育苗条件下,利用鲜活生物活饵料进行中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheur Sinensis)俗称河蟹的大棚育苗,配套生物饵料培养池50,000m2, 育苗水体1,680m3,平均每m3育苗水体培育出河蟹大眼幼体0.289kg。共育河蟹大眼幼体486kg,其中试验池为1,520m3水体;单位水体出苗量为0.314kg,对照池为160m3水体;单位水体出苗量为0.190kg。试验池比对照池每m3水体出苗量增产39.5%。  相似文献   

3.
根据2011年5月(春季)和8月(夏季)吕四渔场小黄鱼银鲳国家级水产种质资源保护区的调查资料,分析了该保护区浮游植物的分布特征和环境因子的关系。初步鉴定浮游植物16属24种,其中硅藻门14属22种,甲藻门2属2种,硅藻在数量和种类上占绝对优势。主要优势种有中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、诺氏海链藻(Thalassiosira nordenskioldi)、有翼圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus bipartitus)和琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)。春季浮游植物密度介于3×105～19×105ind·m-3之间,平均为10.3×105ind·m-3,夏季介于3×105～472.5×105ind·m-3之间,平均为155.4×105ind·m-3;浮游植物时空分布特征显著,两季密度最高值均出现在6号站,最低值均在2号站。夏季的平均密度高于春季,春季的多样性指数和均匀度指数均优于夏季。环境因子监测中,磷酸盐超标最高,两季分别达100%和62.5%;悬浮物和无机氮超标率也较高,水体呈现明显的富营养化趋势。与历史资料相比,该海区富营养化程度加剧,浮游植物数量处于较高水平。典范对应分析(CCA)显示,影响该海区浮游植物分布的环境因子依次为温度、盐度、化学需氧量和悬浮物;揭示了在富营养化海域营养盐对浮游植物的显著性削弱。  相似文献   

4.
《水产科学》2003,22(5)
近日 ,营口市水产研究所的“锯缘青蟹人工育苗研究”和“毛蚶人工育苗技术研究”课题通过了省验收小组的现场验收。锯缘青蟹 ,俗称肉蟹 ,是较为名贵的水产品种。因其生物学特点 ,过去一直是南方的增养殖品种 ,营口市水产研究所经过 3年实验研究 ,获得育苗成功。锯缘青蟹人工育苗研究共使用育苗水体 4 5 0m3,单位水体出苗量 2 94 0只 ,平均体重为 0 0 5g的大眼幼体 ;毛蚶人工育苗技术研究经过验收小组抽样检测 ,结果为 :育苗总水体 199 5m3,附着基总数量 2 36 6 0片 ,平均每片附苗量 92 12 5粒 ,总育苗量 2 1796 8万粒 ,单位水体出苗量 10…  相似文献   

5.
内陆地区南美白对虾苗种淡化试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
梁传辉  李彤 《水产科学》2006,25(4):194-195
在内陆地区利用工厂化设施、臭氧水处理系统进行南美白对虾苗种淡化。淡化周期为12~15d,苗种成活率为65%~85%,单位水体出苗量5.0×104~7.0×104尾/m3。每个育苗季节可淡化虾苗4.0×107~5.0×107尾,卤水使用量仅为30 m3,并且无药物投放。  相似文献   

6.
微生态制剂对提高漠斑牙鲆育苗成活率的作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
对漠斑牙鲆育苗过程中添加微生态制剂以提高育苗成活率进行了比对实验。结果表明:采用育苗水体中添加微生态制剂的方法,能明显提高漠斑牙鲆育苗的成活率,改善水质,降低育苗用水量约30%~40%。在初孵仔鱼1×104ind/m3密度的条件下,添加微生态制剂的育苗池中不同阶段的仔稚鱼成活率高于对照组5%~10%;但随密度增加至2×104ind/m3时,实验组和对照组相互殘杀增加,仔稚鱼成活率都呈下降趋势;密度增加至3×104ind/m3时,实验组与对照组之间差异不显著(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

7.
设计一种地膜池塘,进行梭子蟹育苗试验,结果表明:试验地膜池塘梭子蟹育苗的成活率比较对照池塘有显著提高(p0.05),试验池塘成活率6.95%,对照池塘4.25%,单位出苗量试验池塘1325.8 ind/m3,对照池塘1140.5 ind/m3。试验池塘可以彻底避免才女虫的滋生和天津厚蟹的危害。该方法为蟹类生态池塘育苗新模式,具有良好的推广价值。  相似文献   

8.
本文报道了有底沙与无底沙培育方法对泥东风螺( Babylonia Lutosa)稚螺生长与存活影响的实验结果。以牡蛎为饵料,实验设计3×1042、5×104和7×104 ind/m2三个密度梯度,采用有底沙与无底沙两种方法培育刚变态的泥东风螺稚螺。经35 d培育,有底沙组稚螺壳高、体重的生长速度和存活率都高于无底沙组,壳高生长速度差异显著( P <0．05)。而两种培育方法不同的密度培育结果,密度7×104 ind/m2与3×104 ind/m2和5×104 ind/m2实验组稚螺壳高生长速度差异显著(P<0．05),而3×104 ind/m2与5×104 ind/m2实验组壳高生长速度差异不显著( P>0．05)。随着稚螺的生长其潜沙行为越明显,说明有沙培育更符合其具有的潜埋栖息习性,有利其生长和存活。  相似文献   

9.
2017年7月~2019年4月期间,本研究采用大面观测、现场模拟实验与生长情况跟踪相结合的手段,基于Dame指标和Herman模型估算了胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)的养殖容量。结果显示,调查期间,胶州湾水体的叶绿素a浓度为2.09~4.28 mg/m3,均值为3.07 mg/m3;不同规格(壳长2.29~3.59 cm)的菲律宾蛤仔单位个体的平均滤水率为0.45 L/(h?ind.),单位重量菲律宾蛤仔的平均滤水率为2.52 L/(g?h);菲律宾蛤仔1龄、2龄和3龄的平均干重分别为0.18、0.30和0.42 g;胶州湾的水团停留时间为52 d,初级生产时间为1.58 d,贝类滤水时间为2.09 d;1龄、2龄和3龄蛤仔的养殖容量分别为637、378和272 ind./m2。目前,菲律宾蛤仔养殖量已超过养殖容量,建议若以2龄蛤为采捕对象,适宜的播苗密度为582 ind./m2;若以3龄蛤为采捕对象,适宜的播苗密度为789 ind./m2。本研究结果可为保障胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖产业的绿色高质量发展提供理论依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

10.
虾夷扇贝生产性育苗试验   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  
本试验为生产性育苗,育苗水体约为120m~3.试验采用适当加大幼体培育密度(8～9个/ml),适当加大投饵量,特别是加大稚贝期的扁藻投喂量并采用控温水(15℃左右)培育幼体等措施,获得了较好的育苗效果:三批幼体入池后至下苗帘时其累计成活率为59.9%,单位水体(1m~3,下同)育出壳高为600微米左右的贝苗平均为70.4万个/m~3,最高达163.5万个/m~3。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

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