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1.
Improvement of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Wheat Infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
TAG Li-li YIN Gui-xiang DU Li-pu SHI Zheng-yuan SHE Mao-yun XU Hui-jun YE Xing-guo 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(3):317-326
Wheat, one of the most important food crops, has been extensively studied with respects to plant regeneration and transformation employing the immature embryos as recipient tissues. However, the transformed tissues often become severely necrotic after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium, which is one of the major obstacles in gone delivery. In this study, wheat varieties CB037, Kenong 199, Xinchun 9, Lunxuan 987, and Shi 4185 showed desirable culture potential or high infection ability in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Similarly, optimal regeneration conditions were determined by testing their ability to inhibit the cell necrosis and cell death phenotype. Two auxins of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) were evaluated for highly significant effect on both callus and plantlet production, although they were genotype-dependent in wheat. Substitution of 2,4-D by dicamba enhanced the growth and regeneration ability of callus from the immature embryos of most genotypes tested. The callus growth state couldn't be modified by adding antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, cysteine, and silver nitrate or organic additives such as thiamine HCl and asparagine to the media. On the contrary, the best tissue statement and plant regeneration was achieved by employing the media containing the simplest MS (Murashige and Skoog) components and dicamba without organic components and vitamins. Thereby, our results are thought to inhibit wheat cell necrosis effectively and suggested to be used for more wheat genotypes. 相似文献
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小麦成熟胚组织培养体系优化及优良转化受体基因型的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为建立适于优良品种遗传转化的高效组织培养体系,本研究以3种山东省推广小麦品种（济麦19、良星99、鲁麦14）和模式品种Bobwhite为材料,以成熟胚为外植体对其愈伤组织进行诱导和分化,探讨了2,4-D不同浓度下的3种诱导培养基（MS、N6、MSB5）和4种激素配比的分化培养基对小麦成熟胚离体培养的影响。结果表明,N6培养基的诱导效果最好,平均诱导率超过了80%,且当2,4-D的浓度为4 mg/L时诱导效果最佳。4种激素配比均可诱导小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化,但分化率较低且处理之间差别较大,添加0.5mg/L IAA和2 mg/L ZT的MS培养基的平均分化率最高,为22.58%。小麦基因型的差别主要影响其分化率的高低而对诱导率的影响不大,3个品种中用于转化的最佳品种为鲁麦14。 相似文献
3.
Dicamba and Sugar Effects on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Mature Embryo Culture of Wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To establish a highly efficient plant regeneration system for wheat genetic transformation, the effects of three different concentrations of dicamba and two different sugar types on callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryo cultures were evaluated. Callus induction and plant regeneration were obtained from mature embryos of two commercial cultivars Zhoumai 18 and Yumai 34 （Triticum aestivum L.） cultured on L3 basal medium. The results showed that the efficiency of mature embryo culture was significantly influenced by the genotypes, sugar types and dicamba concentrations. 4 mg L^-1 dicamba proved the best effective for inducing embryogenic callus and also gave the highest proportion of plants regenerated across the two cultivars. Substitution of maltose by sucrose significantly improved the plant regeneration efficiency in both cultivars. There was a significant interaction between genotype-by-sugar types, and sugar types-bydicamba concentrations. Overall, Zhoumai 18 gave the highest frequency of plant regeneration （82.65%） when dicamba concentration was 4.0 mg L^-1 and with sucrose in initial callus induction. These results will facilitate genetic transformation work with elite wheat. 相似文献
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为了探讨普通小麦与栽培大麦正反交杂种幼胚离体培养效果,采用幼胚直接成苗和幼胚-愈伤组织成苗两种培养方法进行杂种幼胚离体培养。结果表明,采用幼胚直接成苗培养法,小麦石4185×大麦W30胚培出苗率为28.71%,胚拯救成功率为13.04%,移栽存活率为28%;大麦W30×小麦石4185胚培出苗率为38.83%,胚拯救成功率为17.51%,移栽存活率为34.21%。采用幼胚-愈伤组织成苗培养方法,小麦石4185×大麦W30胚培出愈率为16.67%,移栽存活率为88.41%;大麦W30×小麦石4185胚培出愈率为1045%,移栽存活率为89.29%。说明通过幼胚-愈伤组织成苗培养法可以获得大量健壮再生植物,是普通小麦与栽培大麦正反交杂种幼胚离体培养的理想方法。 相似文献
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小麦成熟胚培养再生率比较低,尤其对优良小麦品种成熟胚再生性和农杆菌侵染敏感性还缺乏研究,一定程度阻碍了转基因小麦有效开展和产业化进程。以扬麦18、扬麦15、扬麦16、新冬18、小偃166和周麦22等12个优良小麦新品种为材料,研究了其成熟胚再生率及其对农杆菌侵染的敏感性。结果表明,12个小麦新品种成熟胚再生率0~35.3%,周麦27最高,扬麦19次之（27.9%）,新冬18、石麦B07-4056分别为211%和20.0%,其余品种再生率均低于20.0%;12个小麦品种成熟胚愈伤组织农杆菌侵染后GUS基因瞬间表达率0~33.3%,周麦18最高,扬麦15次之（23.8%）,扬麦18、周麦22、周麦27和石麦B07-4056虽有表达但频率较低（6.7%~9.1%）,其余品种没有观察到GUS基因瞬间表达。认为周麦27、扬麦19等品种适合进行成熟胚培养,周麦18、扬麦15等品种成熟胚适合进行农杆菌转化。优良小麦品种成熟胚再生性能和农杆菌敏感性评价为进一步利用细胞工程和基因工程途径改良小麦奠定了基础。 相似文献
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小麦成熟胚高频再生基因型筛选及再生体系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以目前生产上主栽或主推的、具有优良农艺性状的18个黄淮麦区冬小麦品种(系)和2个西北春麦区春小麦品种为材料,对它们成熟胚再生能力进行比较,从中筛选出再生频率高的基因型,并探讨不同接种方法、麦草畏质量浓度、细胞分裂素和干燥处理等对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和分化频率的影响。结果表明,小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率普遍较高,为66.7%～100.0%,而分化率普遍较低,为3.6%～35.8%。基因型间差异显著,其中愈伤组织分化率较高的基因型有泛麦8号、周麦27和邢麦6号,绿苗分化率超过30%;采用胚十字形切割法接种小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化率较高,达到54.5%～73.3%;诱导培养基中麦草畏的诱导效果显著优于2,4-D。在麦草畏质量浓度为2～4mg/L时有利于愈伤组织诱导和分化;成熟胚愈伤组织转入不含激素或含有2mg/L 6-BA或KT的分化培养基中时,分化率分别达到38.5%,45.8%和37.0%,较其他细胞分裂素和质量浓度处理分化率高,而愈伤组织分化前干燥处理6h和未干燥处理的差异不显著,干燥12h分化率明显降低。 相似文献
8.
ZHANG Wei WANG Xin-min FAN Rong YIN Gui-xiang WANG Ke DU Li-pu XIAO Le-le YE Xing-guo 《农业科学学报》2015,14(1):11-19
The regeneration rate of wheat immature embryo varies among genotypes, howbeit many elite agriculture wheat varieties have low regeneration rates. Optimization of tissue culture conditions and attempts of adding signal molecules are effective ways to increase plant regeneration rate. Inter-culture is one of ways that have not been investigated in plant tissue culture. Moreover, the use of arabinogalactan proteins(AGPs) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) have been reported to increase regeneration rate in a few plant species other than wheat. The current research pioneeringly uses inter-culture of immature embryos of different wheat genotypes, and also investigates impacts of AGP and H2O2 on the induction of embryogenic calli and plant regeneration. As a result, high-frequency regeneration wheat cultivars Kenong 199(KN199) and Xinchun 9(XC9), together with low-frequency regeneration wheat line Chinese Spring(CS), presented striking increase in the induction of embryogenic calli and plant regeneration rate of CS through inter-culture strategy, up to 52.19 and 67.98%, respectively. Adding 50 to 200 mg L–1 AGP or 0.005 to 0.01 ‰ H2O2 to the callus induction medium, enhanced growth of embryogenic calli and plant regeneration rate in quite a few wheat genotypes. At 50 mg L–1 AGP application level in callus induction medium plant regeneration rates of 8.49, 409.06 and 283.16% were achieved for Jimai 22(JM22), Jingdong 18(JD18) and Yangmai 18(YM18), respectively; whereas at 100 mg L–1 AGP level, CS(105.44%), Chuannong 16(CN16)(80.60%) and Ningchun 4(NC4)(62.87%) acted the best. Moreover CS(79.05%), JM22(7.55%), CN16(101.87%), YM18(365.56%), Yangmai 20(YM20)(10.48%), and CB301(187.40%) were more responsive to 0.005 ‰ of H2O2, and NC4(35.37%) obtained the highest shoot regeneration rates at 0.01 ‰ of H2O2. Overall, these two methods, inter-culture and AGP(or H2O2) application, can be further applied to wheat transgenic research. 相似文献
9.
The Selection of Transgenic Recipients from New Elite Wheat Cultivars and Study on Its Plant Regeneration System 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
TANG Zong-xiang REN Zheng-long WU Feng FU Shu-lan WANG Xiao-xia ZHANG Huai-qiong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(6):417-424
In the protocol of wheat transformation, to use elite wheat cultivars as exogenous gene recipients can speed up the process of commercial field applications of transgenic wheat. However, it is necessary to screen wheat cultivars with good tissue culture response （TCR） continuously from plenty of elite wheat cultivars released for wheat transformation, and it is also important to find a plant regeneration system that is suitable for these cultivars. So, the TCR of mature and immature embryos of six wheat cultivars Chuannong 11 （CN11）, Chuannong12 （CN12）, Chuannong17 （CN17）, Chuannong18 （CN18）, Chuannong19 （CN19）, and Chuannong21 （CN21）, which possess superior agronomic traits, were investigated by using a good TCR wheat cultivar Bobwhite as control. The results indicated that only the immature and mature embryos of CN12, CN17, and CN18 exhibited good TCR compared with Bobwhite. No significant differences were observed between embryos of Bobwhite and of the three cultivars in TCR. Mature embryo-derived calli of CN12 were used as explants for transformation by particle bombardment of SAMDC gene. Seven transformants were obtained and the efficiency was 2.3%. This research supplies three new elite recipient cultivars for wheat transformation. The wheat plant regeneration system used in this research is different from those successful ones reported previously and it could be a reference for other wheat genotypes. Furthermore, Bobwhite and the three wheat cultivars were proved to be 1RS/1BL translocation, by methods of A-PAGE, C- banding, and genomic in situ hybridization （GISH）. These results imply that probably there is some relationship between 1RS/1BL translocation and TCR of wheat embryos. So this research gives us a hint that we should pay more attention to the 1RS/1BL translocations when we screen the wheat cultivars with good TCR and also that the mechanism of the effect of 1RS/ 1BL translocation on TCR is worthy of being investigated. 相似文献
10.
不同培养基及激素配比对小麦成熟胚离体培养的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]建立适于优良小麦品种遗传转化的高效组织培养再生体系。[方法]以小麦品种豫麦18和豫麦70成熟胚为外植体,探讨了2种培养基和4种激素配比对小麦成熟胚离体培养的影响。[结果]L3培养基的平均愈伤组织诱导率和分化率都明显高于MS培养基,供试2个品种平均出愈率达91.0%以上,平均分化率达46.4%。不同激素及其配比均可诱导小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化,但不同处理分化率差别很大(10.5%~50.0%);以L3为分化培养基,同时添加2,4-D 0.1mg/L,6-BA 1.5 mg/L的激素配比更有利于愈伤组织的分化,平均分化率达到50.0%。[结论]MS、L3两种基本培养基对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率均比较高,且差别不大。不同激素配比对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织分化率影响很大。 相似文献
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[目的]筛选适宜渭北旱塬种植的小麦新品种。[方法]对参加国家黄淮旱地区试的13个小麦品种产量及主要农艺性状等进行比较。[结果]冀麦485和轮选199田间表现良好,抗病性较好,产量较高。冀麦485、轮选199分别比对照品种洛旱7号增产34.04%、28.72%,增产达极显著水平。[结论]冀麦485和轮选199适宜在陕西省长武县等地区推广。 相似文献
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优良小麦转基因受体品种的筛选及成熟胚半胚培养的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了筛选具有良好组织培养特性的优良小麦品种作为转基因受体,使转基因小麦能尽快得到应用,对4个小麦品种的幼胚和成熟胚以及7个小麦品系的成熟胚进行离体培养,考察其组织培养特性.结果表明,11个品种(系)的成熟胚成愈率都达90%以上,但不同成熟胚来源的愈伤组织的植株再生率存在很大差异:7个小麦品系的植株再生率都低于20%,而4个小麦品种的植株再生率都达35%以上,幼胚成愈率及植株再生率都分别达90%和62%以上.该研究为小麦的遗传转化提供了几个新的优良受体品种.该研究进行成熟胚培养时,采用半胚培养的方式,一方面有效地克服了成熟胚在诱导培养基上直接萌发的现象,另一方面提高了成熟胚来源的愈伤组织分化为多苗的能力.该再生体系可作为小麦胚培养的参考. 相似文献
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不同小麦品种成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
以长江流域及华中地区推广的24个小麦品种为材料，分析、比较其成熟胚在3种诱导培养基和1种分化培养基上的愈伤诱导和分化频率。结果表明：不同诱导培养基在愈伤诱导率上存在显著差异，添加ABA的MB5培养基诱导效果最佳；不同小麦品种对培养条件的反应不同，华9943、华9914等4个品种在3种培养基上的诱导频率相同，而其余品种在3种培养基上的愈伤诱导率差异极显著。在分化绿点和成苗率上，品种间差异十分明显，农大146、苏麦6号、扬麦158、华麦12号和华麦8号的再生力强。因此，在小麦成熟胚培养中，筛选优良的基因型培养基组合是必要的。 相似文献
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为建立农杆菌介导的高效小麦遗传转化体系,分析比较了不同小麦栽培品种、不同培养处理条件下的愈伤诱导、分化及转化效率。结果表明:2个长江中下游主推小麦品种扬麦158和华麦13的幼胚愈伤诱导没有差异,但扬麦158形成的胚性愈伤多、分化率及转化率高于华麦13,是优良的农杆菌介导的遗传转化受体基因型。预培养20d的愈伤转化率最高,高渗处理可进一步提高转化率。获得的T0、T1代转基因植株,经PCR分析鉴定,表明外源基因已经整合到小麦基因组中。 相似文献
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68个主推小麦品种的白粉病抗性分析及基因推导 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
【目的】对中国68个主推小麦品种进行抗白粉病分析和基因推导,为白粉病流行预警和防治提供依据。【方法】2011年春季在西南、西北、长江中下游、华北、黄淮和新疆麦区等12个省（自治区）采集1 094个单孢子堆白粉病菌株,并用每个菌株分别接种68个品种离体叶段进行抗感性测定;应用NTSYSpc2.10e软件对表型抗感性数据进行UPGAMA（unweighted pair group arithmetic mean analysis）聚类分析;用实验室长期收集保存的31个毒谱不同的菌株作为鉴别菌株对30个含已知抗白粉病基因材料和68个主推品种的离体叶段进行接种,比较68个品种和单基因材料对31个鉴别菌株的抗性谱,从而推导68个主推品种所含的抗白粉病基因。【结果】抗性测定结果表明,品种间抗谱存在明显差异。内麦8号、内麦9号和绵麦37抗谱宽,对各省菌群的抗性频率均大于99%;济麦22、扬麦11、扬麦12、扬麦13和轮选987等5个品种抗性频率在70%—90%;有54个品种的抗性频率小于40%,占供试品种总数的79.4%,表明大部分主推品种的抗性已被克服。某品种对该品种推广种植区域菌群的抗性频率低于对其它非种植区域菌群的抗性频率。聚类分析可将68个品种分成4大类,第I类包括6个品种,其中5个品种抗性频率在40%—70%;第II类包括7个品种,抗性频率均大于70%;第III类包括54个品种,抗性频率均小于40%;第IV类包括1个品种,抗性频率为46.1%;聚类显示来自于同一省的品种、抗性频率相近的品种具有相似或相近的抗性遗传背景。基因推导表明,内麦8号、内麦9号含有Pm21,偃展4110、新麦208和扬麦11均含有Pm4b;济麦22含有Pm2+ta;其余品种含有其它未知抗白粉病因子。【结论】当前中国主推小麦品种中近80%的品种对全国白粉病菌群的抗性频率不高,特别是就单个品种而言,对该品种种植区的白粉菌群抗性频率更低,存在小麦白粉病在条件适合时暴发流行的风险,必须加强病害预警。同省品种的抗性频率聚类大多聚到同一组,说明同省品种的抗源异质性不高,中国小麦白粉病育种应该引进更丰富抗源。 相似文献
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近30年河北省小麦育成品种产量性状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以河北省区试对照品种的更换时间为界,将近30年的小麦育种历程划分为5个阶段,对每阶段育成品种的产量性状研究得出：1975—1979年泰山4号作对照和1980—1988年冀麦7号作对照的两个育种阶段为产量育种稳步提高阶段;1989—1992年冀麦24作对照的育种阶段为产量育种飞跃阶段;1993—1998年以冀麦36为对照和1999至今石4185为对照的两个育种阶段为产量育种攻坚阶段。对每阶段的产量成因分析认为：中等穗数、重穗粒、重品种类型的选育,是高产育种的突破口,穗粒数、千粒重的同时改良,增产潜力大,容易找到理想结合点,更有利于产量突破。 相似文献
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Wheat transformation efficiency is closely related to several factors such as receptor genotype, constructed plasmid and selection procedure after bombardment or co-cultivation. In our study, several kinds of antibiotics, which were normally used in plant transformation to the selection genes of nptⅡ, bar and hpt,were tested for the optimal concentrations for wheat transformation. The results showed that 25 - 50mg/L of geneticin (G418) was suitable for the selection of nptⅡ, kanamycin or neomycin was not suitable for use. 3 5mg/L of phosphinothricin (PPT) or biolaphos could be used for the selection of bar, 100 - 150mg/L of hygromycin for the selection of hpt. Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 10 with high tissue culture response and good agronomic characteristics were screened from 25 potential Chinese wheat cultivars. The concentration changing of selectable agent in selection medium was helpful to obtain enough regeneration plantlets with strong root system. 相似文献
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灌浆期遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦淀粉组分及理化特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】揭示灌浆期遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦籽粒淀粉理化特性影响的差异,探讨籽粒淀粉组分与理化特性的内在联系。【方法】大田条件下,选用非糯小麦品种轮选987和糯小麦品种农大糯50222,分别于灌浆前期(花后1—10 d)、灌浆中期(花后11—20 d)和灌浆后期(花后21—30 d)遮去60%的光合有效辐射处理,以大田自然光强为对照(CK),研究灌浆期遮光对糯小麦和非糯小麦籽粒淀粉组分和理化特性的影响。【结果】灌浆期遮光显著降低小麦籽粒总淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量,其中灌浆前期遮光降低幅度最大,而灌浆后期最小,且弱光对轮选987总淀粉含量的影响大于农大糯50222。灌浆期遮光轮选987直/支比值增大;而农大糯50222的直/支比值在灌浆前期和中期遮光后减小,灌浆后期遮光无变化;灌浆前期和后期遮光显著提高轮选987淀粉B型淀粉粒的体积、表面积和数目比例,降低A型淀粉粒的体积、表面积和数目比例,而灌浆中期遮光则呈相反趋势。灌浆期遮光均显著提高了农大糯50222淀粉B型淀粉粒的体积、表面积和数目比例,降低了A型淀粉粒的体积、表面积和数目比例。灌浆期遮光两小麦淀粉的相对结晶度呈降低趋势,遮光对其影响程度随遮光时期的延迟而减小,且农大糯50222淀粉的相对结晶度显著大于轮选987。灌浆前期和灌浆中期遮光降低了轮选987淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度和稀懈值。灌浆各时期遮光均降低了农大糯50222淀粉的上述指标,但仍高于轮选987。相关性分析表明,直链淀粉含量、直支比值与最终黏度、反弹值、峰值黏度、谷值黏度及糊化时间呈显著负相关,支链淀粉含量与其呈显著正相关。B型淀粉粒的体积比例与最终黏度和反弹值呈显著负相关。B型淀粉粒表面积比例和相对结晶度、最终黏度、反弹值、糊化时间呈显著正相关,与糊化温度呈显著负相关。【结论】灌浆期遮光改变了小麦胚乳淀粉组分、粒度分布、相对结晶度及其主要糊化特征参数。小麦胚乳淀粉组分与晶体特性和糊化特性之间均存在明显的相关性,表明遮光影响了小麦淀粉组分,间接影响了其理化特性。 相似文献
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【研究目的】为了筛选出小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)成熟胚(MEs)培养和遗传转化受体材料的优良基因型,【方法】以27份优良普通小麦冬性主栽品种或高代育种品系为试材,采用整粒切胚诱愈方法(endosperm-supportedmethod),对小麦成熟胚进行组织培养研究。【结果】结果表明,在成熟胚培养过程中光照、温度、培养基2,4-D浓度、基因型等因素对小麦成熟胚组织培养影响较大;同时小麦成熟胚组织培养存在着较强的基因型依赖性,不同基因型愈伤组织诱导率、分化率、成苗率的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。通过研究从27个小麦基因型中筛选出了3个适合于成熟胚整粒切胚诱愈的基因型,即山农2618、泰山021、河北341,他们的成苗率分别达到了15.38%、25.27%、21.33%。【结论】小麦成熟胚组织培养优良基因型的筛选,为以后小麦的遗传转化和应用基因工程技术进行遗传改良奠定了基础。 相似文献