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1.
黄土高原不同种植年限苜蓿草地土壤 与植物化学计量特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨植被种植过程中土壤–植被生态系统养分动态变化规律,本研究以黄土高原多年生紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为研究对象,分析了不同生长年限(种植1、10、20和30年)苜蓿草地土壤与植物养分含量变化及生态化学计量学特征。结果显示,1)土壤有机C和全N含量随种植年限的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;在0–200 cm土层中,土壤C和N的垂直分布具有一致性,含量随着土层的加深而逐渐减少,并在30 cm以下基本保持稳定;土壤P的含量随着土层的加深基本保持稳定;土壤C∶N,C∶P和N∶P均随苜蓿种植年限的增长呈先增加后减少的趋势,种植10年达到最大值。2)苜蓿叶片C、N、P含量的变化规律与土壤养分变化规律相似,种植10年达到最大值;叶片C∶N、C∶P、N∶P随种植年限的增加均先下降后回升。3)土壤化学计量特征与植物化学计量特征无显著相关关系(P 0.05)。研究结果表明,当苜蓿种植到10年之后,应采取一定的管理措施来改善土壤质量以保证苜蓿正常生长。 相似文献
2.
凋落物在调节植物-土壤间养分循环和维持森林生态系统物质平衡中具有重要作用。为阐明青海省不同林型(针叶林、阔叶林)森林生态系统凋落物养分含量以及影响凋落物养分变化的环境因子,本研究以青海21个地区的针叶林、阔叶林地表凋落物为研究对象,分析不同林型和海拔上凋落物养分、生态化学计量特征变化规律及其影响因子。结果表明:1)不同海拔分区上,针叶林凋落物碳(C)、氮(N)含量、C∶P、N∶P高于阔叶林,而磷(P)含量低于阔叶林;2)针叶林凋落物N、P含量、C∶N、C∶P、N∶P均与海拔呈线性关系(P<0.001),即N含量、C∶P、N∶P随海拔升高递增,P含量、C∶N随海拔升高递减;3)两种林型(针叶林、阔叶林)凋落物现存量、养分含量及生态化学计量特征与经纬度、坡度、郁闭度、群落高度、样地投影面积均存在显著相关性(除阔叶林P和C∶P外);4)两种林型(针叶林、阔叶林)凋落物C、N、P含量较低;针叶林、阔叶林普遍受到N限制(N∶P<14),其中针叶林在高海拔地区又受到P限制(14相似文献
3.
不同种植年限人工苜蓿草地植物和土壤化学计量特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过测定并分析不同种植年限(种植1,3,4,5及8年)人工苜蓿草地苜蓿叶片、茎秆及0~20 cm土壤中C、N、P含量及其化学计量比,研究了种植年限对人工苜蓿草地土壤及植物养分含量及其化学计量比的影响。结果表明,1)0~20 cm土壤C、N含量随种植年限的增加,呈先增后减的趋势,P含量与之相反,各年限间有显著差异(P<0.05)。2)随种植年限的增加,苜蓿叶片C含量总体呈下降趋势,P含量先升后降。茎中各养分的变化规律与土壤养分变化规律相似,变化幅度小于叶片养分。3)苜蓿叶片N∶P及C∶P与叶片P含量显著负相关,与叶片N含量无显著相关性,土壤P与茎的C、N、P及化学计量比均有一定相关性。 相似文献
4.
为了解青藏高原高寒草甸土壤碳(Carbon,C)、氮(Nitrogen,N)、磷(Phosphorus,P)化学计量特征对氮、磷添加的响应,提高养分管理水平及草地生态系统的养分平衡。本研究严格筛选出21篇文章(612项数据)进行Meta分析,通过亚组分析分析了不同施肥方式(氮添加、磷添加、氮磷添加)、不同施肥强度(轻度、中度、重度)对青藏高原草地土壤C,N,P化学计量特征的影响。研究结果表明：养分添加显著增加了青藏高原草地土壤C,N,P含量;氮添加对土壤的增加效应随施肥强度增加而增加,磷轻度施肥(20g·m-2以下)处理、氮磷添加轻度施肥处理下的土壤C,N,P含量及化学计量比增加效果最好。本研究结果总体反映出氮、磷添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤产生积极影响,研究结果可为青藏高原草地生态系统的保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
以荒漠草原建群种短花针茅为研究对象,分析不同载畜率（对照,CK;轻度放牧,LG;中度放牧,MG和重度放牧,HG）对短花针茅与其对应土壤（0~20 cm和20~40 cm）碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）及化学计量比的影响。结果表明：放牧对短花针茅N、P及C∶N∶P化学计量比没有显著影响,但C含量随载畜率的增加而显著增加（P<0.05）;除表层土壤C∶N外,载畜率对两层土壤的N、P及C∶N∶P化学计量比有显著的影响（P<0.05）,这些差异主要由土壤N和P的变化决定,但不同土层下载畜率间的化学计量特征没有一致的变化规律;整体上看短花针茅化学计量特征不受土壤化学计量特征变化的影响,放牧具有降低短花针茅P和土壤C的作用,但这种作用随载畜率的增加而降低。相比不放牧处理,重度放牧完全改变了土壤N、P、C∶N和短花针茅C、C∶N特征,而土层深度的加深对MG处理下的土壤P、N∶P和C∶P影响较大。 相似文献
6.
通过在新疆喀纳斯景区山地草甸群落中对不同退化阶段4个典型样点进行样方调查与采样,结合室内分析,探究了不同退化阶段山地草甸群落共有植物及土壤的碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征及其内在联系,揭示了山地草甸生态系统养分循环规律和系统稳定机制。研究结果表明,1) 3种群落共有植物的重要值、盖度、密度和生物量都随着草地的退化加剧而上升,平均高度和叶绿素相对含量随着退化的加剧而降低。2) 随着草地退化程度的增加,群落共有种C、N、P含量均下降,草甸早熟禾C∶N则先降低后升高,其余2种共有种均上升;群落Ⅰ中3种共有植物叶片的N∶P都在14和16之间,剩余3个群落中,草甸早熟禾叶片N∶P高于16,而千叶蓍和短柄苔草叶片的N∶P均小于14。3)叶绿素相对含量与植物的N含量呈显著的正相关,植物盖度与其化学计量比的相关性不显著,植物的高度、密度、生物量与其化学计量比相关性的显著性取决于物种和生境。4)土壤的C、N、P含量均影响植物的C、N、P含量,呈显著的线性正相关。喀纳斯景区未退化阶段的植物生长受N、P双重元素的限制或者均不受限,退化阶段的植物生长主要受N的限制。因此,喀纳斯景区山地草甸土壤生态化学特征对退化山地草甸的植被恢复有着重要影响。 相似文献
7.
C∶N∶P化学计量学在植物-土壤养分分配研究中应用广泛,但如何运用化学计量学方法来探究植物地上地下生物量分配还需要进一步研究。本研究选取榆林地区种植1 a, 3 a, 5 a, 7 a和9 a的紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)人工草地,测定了紫花苜蓿的地上、地下生物量,土壤理化性质及碳氮磷含量,分析了植物-土壤C∶N∶P化学计量特征及其对紫花苜蓿地上、地下生物量和根冠比变化的响应。结果表明,紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤C∶N,C∶P和N∶P随种植年限延长均而增加,紫花苜蓿植株C∶N,C∶P和N∶P随种植年限延长均呈现先增加后降低变化趋势。种植1～5 a紫花苜蓿种植受N限制,种植7～9 a紫花苜蓿受P限制,紫花苜蓿通过增加自身根冠比来应对日益增强的N∶P,同时庞大的根系使得土壤肥力得到改善。 相似文献
8.
放牧制度对荒漠草原优势植物种和土壤生态化学计量学特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,对荒漠草原优势植物种和土壤的生态化学计量学特征进行研究。结果表明,短花针茅划区轮牧区和对照区C含量分别为409.28g/kg和387.46g/kg,略低于自由放牧区,而N、P含量高于自由放牧区。短花针茅划区轮牧区C∶P、N∶P高于自由放牧区和对照区。对照区碱韭C、P含量高于划区轮牧区和自由放牧区,其值分别为394.19g/kg和2.35g/kg,自由放牧区碱韭C、N、P含量均高于划区轮牧区。土壤C∶N值分布在6.99-11.06之间,低于我国土壤C∶N平均值(10∶1-12∶1之间),且低于全球C∶N平均值(13.33)。土壤的C∶P值分布在12.1-30.30之间,低于我国平均值105。 相似文献
9.
利用遮雨棚技术对宁夏盐池县荒漠草原降水量进行人为调控，分析了不同降水梯度[33%、66%、100%(正常降水)、133%和166%]下植物群落地上部分和地下部分，以及土壤的生态化学计量特征，以探讨不同降水梯度对荒漠草原生态系统化学计量学特征的影响。结果表明：1)植物群落地上部分碳(C)随降水的增加逐渐减少，氮磷比(N:P)在正常降水下显著(P <0.05)高于降水量增加的处理；植物群落地下部分C、氮(N)、磷(P)随着降水梯度增大而先减后增，且地下部分C、C:N、C:P均在66%降水处理下显著(P <0.05)高于其他梯度。2)土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)随降水量的增加而增加；同一增水梯度下，表层土壤的SOC、TN和TP显著(P <0.05)高于深层土层。3)土壤SOC与植物群落地上部分P含量存在显著负相关(P <0.05)，植物群落其他部分和土壤C、N、P无显著相关(P> 0.05)。研究结果表明，降水变化可改变植物养分分配，增加土壤养分积累，但降水变化过程下荒漠草原植物与土壤间元素耦合关系整体较弱。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古荒漠草原小针茅群落土壤养分的化学计量学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以内蒙古荒漠草原小针茅群落为研究对象,探索小针茅群落土壤养分化学计量学特征。结果显示:(1)在取样深度0～30cm范围内,随土壤深度增加,二连浩特样地土壤C∶N和C∶P大致呈现先减后增趋势,苏尼特右旗样地大致为增高趋势;两个样地土壤N∶P都表现为先增后减趋势,土壤C∶N∶P均为先减后增趋势。(2)不同样地同一土层间,土壤C∶P和N∶P均为二连浩特样地小于苏尼特右旗样地;C∶N在0～10cm和20～30cm土层为二连浩特样地大于苏尼特右旗样地,10～20cm为二连浩特样地小于苏尼特右旗样地;C∶N∶P均为二连浩特样地大于苏尼特右旗样地。表明土壤C∶N和C∶P在不同样地不同土层间变化趋势不一致,而N∶P和C∶N∶P表现一致;在不同样地同一土层间,二连浩特样地和苏尼特右旗样地土壤C∶P和N∶P与C∶N∶P刚好相反。小针茅群落土壤C∶N平均值(33.43)明显大于全球土壤平均值(13.33),也明显大于我国土壤平均值(10∶1～12∶1),这可能是由于小针茅群落土壤更加缺乏氮素所致。 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献13.
Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1982 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：0
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(7):227-229
14.
Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases. 相似文献
15.
Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献16.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献18.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
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In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献