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濒危树种闽桦天然林优势种群种间相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业科学》2021,57(10)
【目的】分析福建省罗卜岩自然保护区濒危树种闽桦天然林的群落组成、结构和优势种群的种间相关性,揭示闽桦群落不同层次主要物种的种间关系,探讨其濒危机制,为闽桦群落的保护、生境创造和种群恢复提供理论依据。【方法】基于样地调查,采用方差比率、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验方法研究闽桦群落乔木层、灌木层和草本层优势种群的种间相关性,并通过主成分分析(PCA)划分不同层次的植物生态种组。【结果】闽桦群落共出现89科133属207种植物,其中乔木层25科40属64种、灌木层39科63属112种、草本层25科30属31种。乔木层中闽桦为第一优势种(重要值为23.55),其次为闽楠(重要值7.40)和台湾冬青(重要值为4.32);灌木层中草珊瑚为第一优势种(重要值为10.23),其次为细枝柃(重要值7.35)、单耳柃(重要值5.31)和闽粤栲(重要值5.09);草本层的优势种为狗脊蕨、瘤足蕨和肾蕨,重要值分别为17.24、14.80和10.51,其次为福建莲座蕨(重要值6.82)、深绿卷柏(重要值6.67)和凤丫蕨(重要值5.13)。乔木层和灌木层整体均呈显著正关联,草本层呈不显著正关联,说明闽桦群落具有较高稳定性,群落整体向顶级演替。Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验结果显示,群落中显著正相关的种对数大于显著负相关的种对数,绝大多数种对呈不显著相关或无相关性,说明多数物种呈独立分布格局;乔木层优势树种闽桦和闽楠与其他树种的相关性均不强,闽桦因更新不良在演替过程中面临较大压力,而闽楠因更新良好有随演替进行成为第一优势树种的趋势。根据种间相关关系和PCA排序划分不同层次的植物生态种组,乔木层和灌木层均可划分为4个生态组,乔木层中闽楠为单独1组,说明其具有较强独立性,而草本层可划分为3个生态组;组内物种对生境有趋同适应性,组间物种多有不同生态要求。【结论】闽桦群落总体具有较高稳定性,大多种对呈不显著相关或无相关性,多数物种呈独立分布;作为乔木层优势树种的闽桦更新不良,在演替过程中面临较大压力,应加强育苗、栽培和林分培育技术研究,通过培育人工林扩大其种群数量。 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2021,34(5)
[目的 ]平潭岛原生滨海植物群落种间关系分析有助于深入了解滨海植物群落结构特征和共存机制,对海岛滨海植被的管理恢复与保护有重要的意义。[方法 ]本研究在群落调查的基础上,通过方差比率法(VR),χ2检验,Spearman秩相关系数检验及典范对应分析(CCA排序),对平潭岛滨海4种典型生境类型(基岩灌丛、低山丘陵灌丛、砂生草甸、基岩草丛)的植物群落优势种(重要值≥1)进行了种间联结、相关性分析,并进行生态种组划分。[结果 ]4种生境类型的滨海植物群落总体间均呈显著正关联(VR 1,Wχ20.05(N)),群落整体处于相对稳定的状态;多数物种对间的联结性和相关性均不显著(P 0.05),种对间独立性较强;总体上正负联结和相关比大于1,呈现正联结和正相关趋势。[结论 ]对比不同的测度方法,相较于χ2检验,Spearman秩相关系数检验种间相关显著率更高,有较高的灵敏度。利用R语言进行CCA排序,并结合种间相关性分析结果,将原生滨海植物群落中的51个优势种划分为4个生态种组,4个生态种组对应4种生境,在平潭岛原生滨海植被的管理恢复与保护中,应充分考虑物种的种间关系和环境适应性,选择合适的生态种组物种进行搭配种植:在土壤含盐率高的基岩生境选择种植生态种组Ⅰ:滨海前胡(Peucedanum japonicum Thunb.)、假还阳参(Crepidiastrum lanceolatum (Houtt.) Nakai)、单叶蔓荆(Vitex trifolia Linnaeus f.)等;在土壤容重大、海拔较高、在岩石裸露率高的环境低山丘陵生境内选择种植生态种组Ⅱ:滨柃(Eurya emarginata (Thunb.) Makino)、胡颓子(Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.)、薜荔(Ficus pumila L.)等;在土壤含盐率较低、疏松的砂生土壤的海岸线,选择种植生态种组Ⅲ:海边月见草(Oenothera drummondii Hook.)、肾叶打碗花(Calystegia soldanella (L.) R. Br.)、珊瑚菜(Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq.)等;在土壤含水率较大生境内,选择种植生态种组Ⅳ:勾儿茶(Berchemia sinica Schneid.)、华南狗娃花(Heteropappus ciliosus Makino)、石蒜(Lycoris radiata (L'Her.) Herb.)等。 相似文献
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茂兰喀斯特森林不同地形部位木本植物种间联结性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
选择茂兰国家级喀斯特森林自然保护区内木本植被为研究对象,对区内3种地形(槽谷、坡地、漏斗)中的植被进行群落学调查。通过重要值计算结果在每个地形群落中各选取了42个优势种,运用多物种总体联结性,各物种间联结性、联结系数、共同出现百分率等指数,对不同地形部位群落的种间联结性进行分析。结果表明:1)研究区群落总体呈不显著正联结关系,与种对间联结性特征一致,群落中各种群趋于独立出现,群落处于比较稳定的阶段。2)不同地形部位群落的种间联结性存在一定差异。槽谷、漏斗群落总体呈不显著正联结,正联结种对较多;坡地群落总体呈不显著负联结,负联结和无联结种对较多。3)槽谷、漏斗群落种间联结性较高,群落结构较稳定,坡地群落种间联结性较低,群落结构不稳定。由以上群落种间联结特征推断植物种间松散的联结关系是喀斯特森林物种的共存机制之一,这种共存机制在不同地形部位群落中有不同的表现形式。 相似文献
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在全面踏查的基础上,选取普陀山慧济寺旁较为完整的台湾蚊母树古木群落、逸云庵旁较为完整的罗汉松古木群落为研究样地,以台湾蚊母树群落30个物种以及罗汉松群落23个物种为研究对象,采用方差比率法、χ2统计量以及Spearman秩相关系数指标分别对这2个古树群落木本植物进行种间关联及相关性分析。结果表明:1台湾蚊母树群落30个物种整体存在不显著正联结,种间关系较为松散;罗汉松群落23个物种整体存在显著正联结,种间关系较为紧密。2物种的生态习性、对生境的要求以及垂直结构上对生境要求的互补性差异是决定这2个古树群落种对关系的主要因素,且群落的起源以及群落的生境是这2个古树群落存在不同程度种间关系的主要原因。此研究对制定这2个古树群落的就地保护措施以及舟山其它岛屿的自然植被恢复等具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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为了解光幼屿典型植物群落中各物种在群落中的功能地位,为海岛植被保护与恢复提供借鉴,2018年9月对光幼屿上典型植物群落进行样方调查,通过生态位原理对岛上优势种的环境适应性以及不同物种间对资源的竞争关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)样方中共调查到种子植物38种,隶属于22科38属,其中菊科(Asteraceae)物种数最多,占全部物种数的23.7%;(2)物种重要值与生态位宽度没有明显的正相关关系(P>0.05),乔木层中的黑松与灌木层中的木麻黄在所属层次中重要值最大,但生态位宽度比部分重要值小的物种小;(3)海岛生存环境恶劣,植物为了获得更多的资源,多数物种的生态位宽度较大,乔灌草三层次中优势物种生态位宽度大于0.600的物种占总物种数的82.6%;(4)物种较大的生态位宽度导致不同物种间生态位重叠普遍较大,生态位重叠值大于0.500的对数占总对数的46.5%,种间竞争激烈。 相似文献
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在汕头市中小水库库区范围内的水源涵养林中，选择黎蒴栲林、鸭脚木林、山杜英林3个乡土阔叶树种群落，对群落物种多样性、自然更新情况、群落稳定性进行测定分析，结果表明：3个群落的乔木树种多样性表现为山杜英林〉鸭脚木林〉黎蒴栲林，而黎蒴栲林和山杜英林的相对稳定性较高，其物种多样性和稳定性没有出现明显的正相关。3个群落的多样性、稳定性受制于各自建群种的生物学特性及特定的生境条件，并与人为的干扰强度有关。 相似文献
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采用样方调查法,对组成大岗山三尖杉所属群落的乔木树种进行调查.通过计算重要值确定三尖杉所属群落优势乔木树种,在此基础上,研究优势树种的总体联结性、两树种间的联结性和种间协变.结果表明:三尖杉所属群落内的15个优势乔木树种总体间存在显著正关联;两树种间具有显著正联结的种对是细枝柃-梾木、红楠-杉木,呈显著负联结的种对是石栎-杉木;三尖杉与其他优势乔木树种的联结性均未达到显著程度,细枝柃-鹿角杜鹃、细枝柃-梾木、细枝柃-三尖杉、梾木-紫楠、红楠-杉木、红楠-拟赤杨等6个种对表现出明显的正协变,鹿角杜鹃-柃木种对表现出明显的负协变;种对正协变的存在是由于这些物种对环境资源的利用具有相似性所致. 相似文献
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吉林蛟河针阔混交林群落优势种群种间联结性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
种间联结性是指不同物种在空间分布上的相互关联性,是植物群落重要的数量和结构特征之一(邓贤兰等,2003),是群落形成、维持和演替的基础(王文进等,2007).种间联结能有效量化群落中物种相互作用和物种在环境中的配置情况(周先叶等,2000),对于正确认识群落的结构组成、功能和群落演替动态具有重要意义,能为森林经营、森林植被恢复和生物多样性保护提供理论依据(张金屯等,2003).当前对群落种间关联性的研究主要集中在2方面:有无关联和关联程度.形成种间联结性的因素有很多,国内外研究认为种间联结性与下列4个因素有关:1)相似与不相似的环境需求;2)一个种为另外一个种创造了定居条件或者前者对后者施加了压力;3)2者在资源竞争中互相排斥;4)2者通过物理或化学作用互相影响( Greig-Smith,1983;Kershaw et al.,1985;周先叶等,2000). 相似文献
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落叶松种间及种内和种间杂种家系间的物候变异与早期选择 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对造林后1～3年生7种(变种)落叶松和7个种内和种间杂种家系的9个物候期进行连续定株观察及生长量调查,利用方差分析方法研究落叶松种间、家系间物候期的变异,利用主成分分析方法划分落叶松种(家系)的物候群,利用典型相关分析方法确定物候期与幼林生长量之间的关系.结果表明:除侧枝芽膨大外,落叶松种间、家系间各物候期的变异均达极显著水平.同样,种内个体间、家系内个体间也存在一定的物候期变异,但同种家系内个体间的变异明显小于杂种家系内个体间的变异.兴安落叶松顶芽展叶、抽新梢时间明显早于其他种,封顶也最早;其次是长白落叶松和华北落叶松;朝鲜落叶松和欧洲落叶松的封顶时间比长白和华北落叶松还要迟半个月;日本落叶松顶芽膨大和展叶时间最晚,封顶时间也明显迟于其他种.以日本落叶松为母本的各种间杂种,在物候上多数表现出中间偏母本的特性,而在抗病能力方面较父本有所改善,在抗寒性方面却明显优于母本.日本落叶松生长最快,其次是长白和朝鲜落叶松,而日×长、日×兴杂种生长量超过母本,表现出超亲杂种优势,表明在东北地区落叶松杂种利用潜力巨大.根据主成分聚类结果,可将14份遗传材料分为4个物候型.除侧枝芽开始展叶、完全展叶和抽新梢以外的其他物候因子与生长量之间相关紧密.物候因子对生长量有相当好的预测能力,即顶芽萌动、展叶越早,封顶越迟,生长期越长,对树木的生长越有利. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
17.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
18.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
20.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献