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1.
3种抗生素对3种常见鱼类病原菌的抑菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究盐酸恩诺沙星、乳酸恩诺沙星和乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)的体外抑菌活性,本实验通过测定抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)和杀菌曲线,研究3种常用喹诺酮类抗生素药物对3种水产病原菌的体外药效学特性.结果表明:乳酸诺氟沙星对嗜水气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC分别为0.244μg/mL和1.954μg/mL:盐酸恩诺沙星对鳗弧菌抑菌效果最好,MIC为0.122μg/mL;8 MIC的乳酸诺氟沙星药液在12 h内完全杀灭嗜水气单胞菌,在24 h内也能全部杀灭哈维氏弧菌,8 MIC的盐酸恩诺沙星药液在24 h内全部杀灭鳗弧菌.本研究为3种抗生素在水产养殖中的应用提供实验依据. 相似文献
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研究兽用缓释乳酸环丙沙星注射液的体外抑菌活性。采用常量肉汤稀释法,分别测定了缓释乳酸环丙沙星注射液和乳酸环丙沙星注射液以及恩诺沙星注射液在24 h和30 h对16株细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。缓释乳酸环丙沙星、乳酸环丙沙星和恩诺沙星的MIC范围在24 h的MIC范围分别为0.125～0.5μg/mL、0.167～0.5μg/mL和0.25～4.0μg/mL;在30 h分别为0.125～0.667μg/mL、0.25～1.0μg/mL和0.416～8.0μg/mL。缓释乳酸环丙沙星与乳酸环丙沙星和恩诺沙星相比,前者在实验室具有较好的抑菌活性和较长的维持时间。 相似文献
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应用氟喹诺酮类药物对若干株大肠杆菌进行体外药敏试验。结果：百病消、普杀平、恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌O2株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为1 μg/mL、2μg/mL、2μg/mL、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为2μg/mL、4μg/mL、4μg/mL；新配恩诺沙星溶液和室温放置1月后的恩诺沙星溶液对大肠杆菌O2的MIC分别为2μg/mL、4μg/mL、4μg/mL；MBC为4μg/mL、8μg/mL。同时进行的纸片法测定结果表明：O1株、O2株，敏感性感高。而O78株和乌苏分离株具有耐药性。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2017,(9)
采用萘啶酸、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、加替沙星等5种喹诺酮类药物进行了鸡白痢沙门菌体外诱导耐药试验,观察和分析了细菌耐药性发展进程及药物间的交叉耐药情况。鸡白痢沙门菌标准株C79-3以药物浓度递增法分别在5种药物的次抑菌浓度下诱导传代至30代,每10代进行药敏试验检测耐药性,并对诱导株诱导前和诱导30代后的药物最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行测定和比较。结果:随着诱导代次增加,诱导株对诱导药物的敏感性逐渐下降,至30代时所有诱导株均对诱导药物产生耐药。不同药物诱导耐药的进程有一定程度的差异,萘啶酸最易诱导耐药,其次为恩诺沙星、环丙沙星和加替沙星,最后为诺氟沙星。环丙沙星诱导株的环丙沙星MIC增幅最大,萘啶酸诱导株的萘啶酸MIC值最高。5种药物间存在不同程度的交叉耐药现象,恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星之间为双向交叉耐药,而萘啶酸与恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星和加替沙星间以及加替沙星与恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星和环丙沙星间为单向交叉耐药。此外,药物间的交叉耐药与菌株的耐药水平密切相关。 相似文献
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氟苯尼考与多种抗菌药物联合应用对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了解氟苯尼考分别与恩诺沙星、TMP和多西环素联合用药的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用倍比稀释法,测定了氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、TMP和多西环素对大肠杆菌O78的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);采用棋盘法进行恩诺沙星、TMP、多西环素分别与氟苯尼考联合应用对大肠杆菌的药敏试验。结果表明:四种抗菌药物都有较强的抑菌能力,氟苯尼考MIC为4μg/mL,恩诺沙星MIC为0.1μg/mL,TMP的MIC为16μg/mL,多西环素的MIC为4μg/mL。氟苯尼考与恩诺沙星联合表现为无关作用,与TMP联合表现为协同作用,与多西环素联合表现为累加作用。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2016,(2)
为确定中药与环丙沙星联用对鸡源性沙门菌的抑菌作用,采用微量稀释法测定黄连、黄芩、五倍子、丁香醇提取物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC),筛选出抑菌作用较强的中药提取物,并用微量棋盘稀释法测定其与环丙沙星联用对沙门菌的部分抑菌浓度(FIC)。结果显示,4味中药醇提物对沙门菌都有一定的抑菌作用,黄连相对于其他3味中药具有较好的抑菌效果,对黄连醇提物按照黄连素提取工艺进一步提取,获得粗品,此次提取物提取率为8.17%。联合药敏试验结果显示,黄连提取物在1.28μg/mL时,使环丙沙星的MIC值降低至0.64μg/mL;而环丙沙星在1 562μg/mL时,黄连提取物的MIC值降低至781μg/mL,说明两药联合应用可明显增强环丙沙星或黄连的抑菌效果,而根据FIC指数判断标准可得FIC指数为0.75,这表明黄连提取物与环丙沙星体外联合抑菌作用表现为相加作用。 相似文献
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鸡毒支原体的分离鉴定和最低抑菌浓度测定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从山东、河北、北京和天津等不同地区分离、鉴定了4株鸡毒支原体，通过体外最低抑菌浓度测定发现泰妙菌素、泰乐菌素、百里霉索、罗红霉素、林可霉素／壮观霉素合剂、氧氟杀星、乳酸红霉素和盐酸林可霉素对该4个菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)平均值分别是0．0062μg/ml、0．0171μg/ml、0．0682μg/ml、8．5248μg/ml、8．5248μg/ml、0．1024μg/ml、0．4550μg/ml和15．4944μg/ml，同时发现不同菌株之间的最低抑菌浓度有明显的差异。该试验结果表明鸡毒支原体容易对抗菌药物产生抗药性，目前临床预防或治疗鸡毒支原体感染可选用泰妙菌素、泰乐菌素、百里霉素和氧氟杀星等药物，而常规使用的红霉素和罗红霉素效果不佳。 相似文献
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《中兽医医药杂志》2020,(3)
为了考察徐州地区猪源致病性大肠杆菌的耐药情况,采用传统微生物法对徐州周边地区52株猪大肠杆菌进行分离鉴定,试管二倍稀释法测定细菌对药物的敏感性,提取耐药菌质粒DNA,PCR扩增耐药基因目的片段。结果表明,氟苯尼考和阿莫西林对徐州周边临床大肠杆菌分离株的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值与标准菌株相比较,分别提高20～512倍、10～800倍,个别临床分离株对恩诺沙星的MIC值高达80μg/mL,对头孢曲松的MIC值高达80μg/mL,对安普霉素的MIC值高达320μg/mL;经PCR检测临床分离株均扩增出氟苯尼考Flor耐药基因,Tem型ESBLs耐药基因目的片段。说明徐州周边临床大肠杆菌对氟苯尼考和阿莫西林已产生严重耐药性,对恩诺沙星和安普霉素已经耐药,但大部分菌株对头孢曲松敏感。提示徐州周边地区猪场应科学合理、有计划地轮换使用不同药物。 相似文献
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Govendir M Norris JM Hansen T Wigney DI Muscatello G Trott DJ Malik R 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,153(3-4):240-245
Rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and Nocardiae can cause severe or refractory infections in cats and dogs. Prolonged antibacterial therapy is required to cure these infections. As fluoroquinolones have been used in combination therapy for treating RGM infections, isolates from the Mycobacterium smegmatis cluster (n=64), Mycobacterium fortuitum cluster (n=17), and M. mageritense cluster (n=2), collected from feline and canine patients, underwent susceptibility testing to pradofloxacin. The MIC(50), MIC(90) and tentative epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values as determined by microbroth dilution susceptibility testing that inhibited growth of the M. smegmatis and M. fortuitum clusters were 0.063, 0.125 and ≤ 0.25; and 0.125, 0.250 and ≤ 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. E-Test results showed similar trends but MICs were lower than those for microbroth dilution. In summary, pradofloxacin demonstrated effective in vitro activity against RGM isolates. Additionally, veterinary isolates of Nocardia nova (n=18), Nocardia farcinica (n=3) and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica (n=1) underwent microbroth dilution testing to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and pradofloxacin. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin that inhibited growth of Nocardia nova isolates were 2 (4), 8 (16), 16 (32) μg/mL, respectively. The tentative ECOFF values for pradofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 32 μg/mL and for enrofloxacin 64 μg/mL. The MIC or MIC range for the three N. farcinica isolates of pradofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 0.25-0.5, 2 and 2 μg/mL and for the single N. cyriacigeorgica isolate were 1, 4 and 4 μg/mL, respectively. On the basis on these results, fluoroquinolones appear to have limited therapeutic potential for most Nocardia infections. 相似文献
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This study compares the antimicrobial susceptibility over time between two groups of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) isolates from the same geographical area. Minimum inhibitory concentration of 13 antimicrobials was determined against two groups of MG isolates from chickens. Group 1 strains (n=22) were isolated in 2004-2005 while group 2 strains (n=7) were isolated in 2007-2008. Minimum inhibitory concentration 50 for group 1 versus group 2 was 4/4, 0.5/0.5, ≤ 0.031/≥ 64, ≤ 0.031/2, ≤ 0.031/0.125, 1/0.5, 1/1, ≤ 0.031/≤ 0.031, ≤ 0.031/2, ≤ 0.031/2, 1/4, ≤ 0.031/0.062, and 0.062/2 μg/ml against gentamicin, spectinomycin, erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, florfenicol, thiamphenicol, tiamulin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in resistance of group 2 to erythromycin, tilmicosin, tylosin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline. This dramatic increase in resistance against 8 antimicrobials belonging to three different families of antimicrobials in a relatively short period of time appears to be rare and of concern. The cause of this increased resistance observed in group 2 of MG isolates was not determined and should be further investigated. Monitoring of MG field strain susceptibility is highly recommended to implement successful treatment and prophylaxis programs in endemic areas. 相似文献
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Rao GS Ramesh S Ahmad AH Tripathi HC Sharma LD Malik JK 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2000,23(6):365-372
Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were investigated in normal, febrile and probenecid‐treated adult goats after single intravenous (i.v.) administration of enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the plasma concentration–time data of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was performed using two‐ and one‐compartment open models, respectively. Plasma enrofloxacin concentrations were significantly higher in febrile (0.75–7 h) and probenecid‐treated (5–7 h) goats than in normal goats. The sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations in plasma ≥0.1 μg/mL was maintained up to 7 and 8 h in normal and febrile or probenecid‐treated goats, respectively. The t1/2β, AUC, MRT and ClB of enrofloxacin in normal animals were determined to be 1.14 h, 6.71 μg.h/mL, 1.5 h and 807 mL/h/kg, respectively. The fraction of enrofloxacin metabolized to ciprofloxacin was 28.8%. The Cmax., t1/2β, AUC and MRT of ciprofloxacin in normal goats were 0.45 μg/mL, 1.79 h, 1.84 μg.h/mL and 3.34 h, respectively. As compared with normal goats, the values of t1/2β (1.83 h), AUC (11.68 μg ? h/mL) and MRT (2.13 h) of enrofloxacin were significantly higher, whereas its ClB (430 mL/h/kg) and metabolite conversion to ciprofloxacin (8.5%) were lower in febrile goats. The Cmax. (0.18 μg/mL) and AUC (0.99 μg.h/mL) of ciprofloxacin were significantly decreased, whereas its t1/2β (2.75 h) and MRT (4.58 h) were prolonged in febrile than in normal goats. Concomitant administration of probenecid (40 mg/kg, i.v.) with enrofloxacin did not significantly alter any of the pharmacokinetic variables of either enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin in goats. 相似文献
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Szczypka M Obmińska-Mrukowicz B 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2003,26(4):253-258
The subsets of T lymphocytes in thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were investigated in normothermic and hyperthermic mice treated with fluoroquinolones administered orally six times at 24 h intervals at doses of 15 or 75 mg/kg (flumequine, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and 5 or 25 mg/kg (enrofloxacin). It has been found that fluoroquinolones can modulate CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ marker expression on thymocytes, splenocytes and lymphocytes of mesenteric lymph nodes. Flumequine (15 mg/kg) decreased the percentage of immature CD4+CD8+ thymic cells and increased the percentage of mature CD4+ and CD8+. When the dose of flumequine was increased to 75 mg/kg a reduction in the maturation of thymocytes was observed. Administration of flumequine, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, irrespective of doses applied, increased the percentages of CD3+ splenocytes of CD4+ spleen cells. Exposure to enrofloxacin decreased the percentage of T helper-inducer cells. Flumequine and ciprofloxacin augmented the percentage of CD3+ mesenteric lymph node cells and increased the percentage of CD8+ cells. In contrast, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin decreased the percentage of CD3+ mesenteric lymph node cells and the percentage of CD4+ cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli (25 micro g/mouse) increased the percentage of single-positive CD4+ thymocytes, but did not affect the percentage of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells. Flumequine and ciprofloxacin administered to mice pior to LPS potentiated its stimulant effect on the maturation of thymic cells ( increased percentage of mature CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes). Pre-treatment with norfloxacin or enrofloxacin either reduced or did not modify the stimulant effect of LPS on maturation of thymic cells. Flumequine, norfloxacin, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin administered prior to LPS decreased the percentage of CD8+ splenocytes and increased the percentage of CD4+ spleen cells. Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin at a dose of 75 mg/kg reduced the percentage of CD8+ mesenteric lymph node cells in hyperthermic mice. Pretreatment with norfloxacin at a dose of 15 mg/kg augmented the percentage of mesenteric lymph node cells. It was concluded that the modulating effects of fluoroquinolones depends on the chemial structure of drugs, dose administered as well as immunologic status. 相似文献
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采用微量肉汤稀释法测定3种喹诺酮类药物对21株嗜水气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),体外建立其生物被膜(BF),采用结晶紫法和扫描电镜的方法研究生物被膜的形成和结构,并观察喹诺酮类药物对生物被膜形成能力的影响。结果表明:喹诺酮类药物对嗜水气单胞菌有较强的抑制作用,诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星的抑菌率分别为90.5%,95.25%和85.7%,其中环丙沙星的抑菌作用最强,对21株菌的最小抑菌浓度均在0.7813μg/mL以下。21株嗜水气单胞菌均可在24～48 h内体外形成较为稳定的BF,但不同菌株之间形成BF的能力有所不同。嗜水气单胞菌对喹诺酮类药物较为敏感,环丙沙星浓度在1倍MIC以上即可抑制嗜水气单胞菌生物被膜的早期形成,但细菌形成成熟的生物被膜后,较高浓度药物对生物被膜的影响不明显。 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis against six antibiotics using the E test methodology. Fifty-eight isolates of M. bovis originating from 55 affected cattle were evaluated. Specimen originated from: lung tissue, synovial fluid, tracheo-bronchial wash, milk, and external or inner ear discharge. Antimicrobial agents tested were azythromycin, clindamycin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, spectinomycin and tetracycline. The E test strips were placed on the surface of Hayflick plates on which organism suspension was spread. Plates were incubated at 35 degrees C in a candle jar for 72 h. MICs were then read by determining where the growth inhibition zone intersected with the MIC scale on the strip. M. bovis Donetta isolate was used as a control. All MICs were >256 microg/ml for erythromycin. MIC50 and MIC90 obtained for azythromycin were 3 and >256 microg/ml, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90 obtained for tetracycline were 4 and 8 microg/ml, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90 obtained for spectinomycin were 2 and >1021 microg/ml, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90 obtained for clindamycin were 0.19 and >256 microg/ml, respectively. MIC50 and MIC90 obtained for enrofloxacin were 0.19 and 0.25 microg/ml, respectively. Resistance was not associated with the specimen source except for azythromycin. M. bovis susceptibilities were easily determined by the E test which demonstrated the efficacy of enrofloxacin and the acquired resistance to tetracycline, spectinomycin, azythromycin and clindamycin. 相似文献
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In vitro susceptibility of selected veterinary bacterial pathogens to ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9 
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下载免费PDF全文 The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin were tested for approximately ten clinical isolates of each of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinomyces pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Haemophilus parasuis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin had similar activity and were more active than norfloxacin. All isolates had an MIC of 1.0 microgram/mL or less for ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and these drugs had particularly marked activity against the gram-negative bacteria tested. 相似文献
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为研究氟喹诺酮类药物和磺胺类药物在治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时的相互作用,本试验采用肉汤稀释棋盘法,用恩诺沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶对鸡致病性大肠杆菌进行了体外联合药敏试验。单药恩诺沙星和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为32、256μg／mL;联合用药的MIC分别为8μg／mL和32μg／mL,经计算FIC指数为0．375。结果表明,恩诺沙星与磺胺间甲氧嘧啶联合用药对大肠杆菌呈现协同抗菌作用。 相似文献
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为了解鲜牛奶中细菌的分布情况及其对抗生素的敏感状况,实验对30份采自河北张家口地区某养殖场的新鲜无菌牛奶进行细菌分离鉴定,并分别用青霉素(16μg/ml)、氯霉素(32μg/ml)、克林霉素(4μg/ml)、红霉素(8μg/ml)、四环素(16μg/ml)、庆大霉素(16μg/ml)、环丙沙星(4μg/ml)、头孢噻吩(32μg/m)l进行药敏实验。结果显示30份牛奶样品中共分离得到111株菌,分别为葡萄球菌31株、沙雷氏菌14株、假单胞菌12株、芽孢杆菌11株、肠杆菌5株、不动杆菌4株、奇异变形杆菌3株、微球菌3株、巨球菌3株、肠球菌4株、其它菌21株。其中耐青霉素16μg/ml的为50株,耐氯霉素32μg/ml的为23株,耐克林霉素4μg/ml的为46株,耐红霉素8μg/ml的为37株,耐四环素16μg/ml的为38株,耐庆大霉素16μg/ml的是7株,耐环丙沙星4μg/ml的为8株,耐头孢噻吩32μg/ml的为40株。通过实验可知,细菌类型主要有葡萄球菌、沙雷氏菌、假单胞菌等;8种抗生素中,庆大霉素、环丙沙星、氯霉素的抑菌效果较好,而青霉素、克林霉素、红霉素、四环素、头孢噻吩的抑菌效果相对较差。 相似文献