共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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蒙古裸腹溞（Moina Mongolica Daday）是一种分布于内陆半咸水的盐水枝角类,以其繁殖快、营养全面而成为海水鱼类、虾类育苗中主要活饵料,因其对一些污染物质敏感等特点,被广泛用作水生毒理学试验材料。 相似文献
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水体重金属污染是目前日益严重的环境问题之一,随着工农业的发展,生产生活中的重金属可以通过多种途径进入水生态系统。水生态系统重金属污染具有来源广泛、易在生物体内蓄积、不易分解的特点,不仅对水生生物各类群及整个生态系统产生影响,还可以通过食物链间接危害人类健康,重金属对水生态系统的影响及其对水生生物毒理学研究已成为全球环境研究的热点。鱼类作为水生态系统重要的组成部分,近年来国内外针对重金属及其生态毒理学开展了大量的研究工作。在总结分析国内外研究的基础上,综述了鱼类重金属的来源、赋存和迁移转化规律,阐述了重金属对鱼类个体水平、细胞水平、分子和遗传水平的毒理学效应以及鱼类对重金属的耐受机制;并结合重金属对鱼类生态毒理学研究中不足,对未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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贵阳市花溪河大型浮游动物的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
花溪河地处贵州省贵阳市郊,是长江流域乌江水系清水河的源头河流,该河流水质清澈,水生生态保持较好,整个河段水质除个别指标外,都符合地表水Ⅰ类水质标准.2007年9～10月,对花溪河的浮游动物(轮虫、枝角类、桡足类)群落及其物种多样性进行了,初步调查.结果显示,花溪河中有大型浮游动物75种,分属4目、加科、36属.轮虫、枝角类、桡足类分别占总种数的48.0%、29.3%、22.7%.研究表明,在花溪河中浮游动物种类组成丰富,群落结构复杂,水生生态良好. 相似文献
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<正> 一、前言枝角类是淡水鱼类营养价值很高的优良天然饵料,研究枝角类的生态是了解水体生产力,合理利用鱼类饵料资源的主要内容之一。大型溞(Daphnia magna Straus)是广温性的世界种,在我国分布也很广。文献中已记载的地区有江苏、安徽、山东、河南、河北、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古、山西、陕西、甘肃、青海、西藏。大型溞即 相似文献
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为了研究鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)饵料生物组成及季节变化,分析了2016年7月-2017年3月在长江宜昌江段及东洞庭湖不同季度采集的84尾鲢和65尾鳙的肠道内含物。结果显示:鲢、鳙在长江宜昌江段摄食的饵料生物种类分别是55种和48种,在东洞庭湖分别是55种和43种。根据相对重要性指数(IRI),鲢、鳙的主要饵料生物均为枝角类。鲢、鳙食物组成呈现季节变化,鲢在长江宜昌江段春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的主要饵料生物分别是硅藻门、枝角类、枝角类和硅藻门,在东洞庭湖分别为枝角类、蓝藻门、枝角类和桡足类;鳙在长江宜昌江段春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的主要饵料分别是枝角类、枝角类、枝角类和硅藻门,在东洞庭湖分别为枝角类、枝角类、枝角类和桡足类。 相似文献
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《科学养鱼》2021,(6)
正天津市西青区水产技术推广站自2018年开始进行了加州鲈养殖试验,取得不错效果。但在养殖过程中发现,由于加州鲈饲料蛋白质水平高、饲料转化不完全,造成水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐等指标升高,枝角类等浮游动物大量繁殖,溶氧偏低,水质调控难度大,为加州鲈养殖带来了一定风险。2020年针对前两年生产中出现的问题,笔者调整了养殖模式。首先,进行了池塘设施的改造,构建了生态水循环系统,加速水体净化,实现只补水不排水;其次,根据花鲢、南美白对虾喜食枝角类的特点,构建生态养殖系统,除在加州鲈池塘中适当搭配花鲢外,在净化池中适当投放南美白对虾,通过摄食枝角类实现加州鲈饲料的二次转化。 相似文献
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本文从海水鱼类人工育苗中的饵料系列和常用活饵料如单细胞藻类、双壳类受精卵及其担轮幼虫、轮虫、卤虫、桡足类及枝角类、糠虾的人工培养等方面进行探讨,对存在的一些问题进行分析,并对今后的发展提出了几点设想。 相似文献
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为评价湖泊中不同环境因子对于枝角类群落的影响,分析了处于不同环境条件下的几个湖泊中枝角类群落的生长情况,包括枝角类群落中的物种多样性、群落结构组成、生物量和丰度等特征值的变化。通过了解这些不同环境因子的变化,并结合这些湖泊中与之对应的枝角类群落反应,可以更加全面地探知环境因子对于枝角类群落的影响。对比分析表明,湖泊的富营养化水平、水温、捕食作用、饵料和水动力这五个因素对于枝角类群落有显著的影响作用,进一步分析总结可知,其中富营养化水平和水温的变化对于湖泊枝角类群落的影响最为显著。 相似文献
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Effects of fish stocking on the zooplankton community structure in a shallow lake in China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Abstract Changes in the zooplankton community structure in relation to fishery practices in Lake Donghu, Wuhan, China were examined. The number of Protozoa species increased slightly, whereas the number of rotifers and crustaceans decreased from the 1960s to the 1990s. The total annual average densities of zooplankton increased 15–20 times in the 1990s compared with the 1960s. This increase was largely attributed to Protozoa, which contributed 93.4% by number of the total zooplankton density in 1991. Cladoceran densities decreased markedly from 1987. Changes in densities of rotifers and copepods were not evident. Trends in zooplankton biomass were similar to density. Large changes in zooplankton community structure coincided with markedly changes in concentration of chlorophyll a and transparency in Lake Donghu in 1987. The year 1987 seems to be the threshold year when the zooplankton community structure changed considerably. These changes were related to continuously increasing fish stock biomass in the lake. It was suggested that fish stocking and fish biomass should be a better managed for improvement of the quality of the lake's environment. 相似文献
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全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)和全氟辛酸类物质(PFOA)是新型持久性有机污染物(POPs),近年来关于PFOS和PFOA两类全氟有机化合物中典型代表物质的生态毒理学研究日趋增多。以国内外学者对PFOS和PFOA的研究资料为依据,系统阐述了PFOS和PFOA的来源及用途、在生态环境中的分布、迁移转化及转运代谢以及它们对实验生物和人类可能造成的一系列毒性效应及致毒效应机理,并尝试性提出了今后对PFOS和PFOA的研究方向。 相似文献
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为评价疏浚、吹填过程中产生的底泥悬浮物对南海区凡纳滨对虾仔虾的毒性影响,根据《水质-物质对淡水鱼(斑马鱼)急性致死毒性的测定》方法,对南海区凡纳滨对虾仔虾的生物毒性影响进行了分析。结果表明:疏浚区海水中底泥悬浮物浓度超过10mg/L,持续12h,对凡纳滨对虾仔虾产生一定的致死效应。底泥悬浮物浓度超高80mg/L,且持续48h以上,将对仔虾产生严重的影响,甚至导致全部仔虾的死亡。根据仔虾的死亡概率和底泥悬浮物浓度对数,分别计算出12h、24h、36h、48h的半致死量(LC50)为54.56、40.29、25.89、19.18mg/L。 相似文献
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悬沙胁迫下日本囊对虾仔虾的生长和DNA损伤 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)仔虾为受试生物,研究不同悬沙浓度(0、l0、50、100、500和1 000 mg/L)下仔虾的存活率、增重率、RNA/DNA比率变化和DNA损伤情况,探讨悬沙对仔虾的影响.结果表明,低浓度悬沙(＜500 mg/L)对仔虾的存活率、增重率、RNA/DNA比率和DNA损伤指标无显著影响.高浓度悬沙(≥500 mg/L)为仔虾生长蜕皮提供隐蔽场所,减少自残,但在提高存活率的同时,影响仔虾摄食,表现为仔虾的增重率和RNA/DNA比率与对照组相比显著下降(P＜0.05),且增重率和RNA/DNA比率之间具有显著的正相关性(P＜0.05).在高浓度悬沙组(≥500 mg/L)中,作为DNA损伤指标,彗星细胞拖尾率、尾长和尾矩与对照组相比均显著增加(P＜0.05),但不同的指标灵敏度不同,尾长和尾矩灵敏度较拖尾率更高.结论认为,RNA/DNA比率和DNA损伤指标能够有效评估悬沙对仔虾生长的影响. 相似文献
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In recent years, there have been significant increases in the production and breeding of aquaculture species; for example, the gilt-head (sea) bream and seabass in salt water and trout, carp, and tilapia in fresh water., Amphipods in the genus Gammarus are used as a rich source of protein to feed various pet animals such as aquarium fish, lizards, and turtles, as well as in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment. Gammarus meal is used as a partial replacement (10–20%) of fish meal. However, the reproduction and rearing of Gammarus in intensive or semi-intensive conditions has not yet been carried out. Gammarus products (live, dried flakes, or powdered) transported to the markets are constituted from wild caught Gammarus. Due to the high price of these products, Gammarus aquaculture potentially has great economic benefits. Therefore, there is a need to focus on the importance of Gammarus in aquaculture. In the present review, the ecology and distribution of Gammarus, its importance in aquatic ecotoxicology and water quality assessment, the chemical analysis of Gammarus and factors affecting chemical composition of it, and the importance of Gammarus in fish nutrition are discussed. In addition, the economic importance and culture methods of Gammarus are also reviewed. This review will be beneficial for scientific investigators and fish-crustacean farmers. 相似文献
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With the development of digital imaging techniques over the last decade, there are now new opportunities to study complex behavioural patterns in fish (e.g. schooling behaviour) and to track a very large number of individuals. These new technologies and methods provide valuable information to fundamental and applied science disciplines such as ethology, animal sociology, animal psychology, veterinary sciences, animal welfare sciences, statistical physics, pharmacology as well as neuro‐ and ecotoxicology. This paper presents a review of fish video multitracking techniques. It describes the possibilities of tracking individuals and groups at different scales, but also outlines the advantages and limitations of the detection methods. The problem of occlusions, during which errors of individual identifications are very frequent, is underlined. This paper summarizes different approaches to improving the quality of individual identification, notably by the development of three‐dimensional tracking, image analysis and probabilistic applications. Finally, implications for fish research and future directions are presented. 相似文献
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Current practices in the chemotherapeutic control of sea lice infestations in aquaculture: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Abstract. This review surveys the available literature on the efficacy and ecotoxicology of chemotherapeutic agents for the control of sea lice (Copepoda: Caligidae) infestations in marine aquaculture. To date, treatment for the disease has relied almost exclusively on the use of the organophosphorus pesticides, trichlorfon and dichlorvos. While use of dichlorvos and trichlorfon appears to have little, if any, environmental impact, protracted use in some areas has led to reduced efficacy. Compounds proposed for sea lice control currently under field evaluation include azamethiphos (organophosphate), ivermectin (avermectin), pyrethrum (pyrethrin) and hydrogen peroxide. Although all of these compounds are effi cacious, at present published information on marine environmental toxicology is scarce and is limited to in vitro toxicity testing. Other compounds that have been considered for sea lice control include formalin, malathion (organophosphate), carbaryl (carbamate), diflubenzuron (insect growth regulator) and natural remedies (i.e. onions and garlic). In general, formaldehyde (aldehyde), malathion and natural compounds show either poor efficacy or unsuitable therapeutic margins. Although carbaryl and diflubenzuron are both efficacious and exhibit suitable therapeutic margins, available data suggests that the compounds, due to undesirable environmental toxicological characteristics, would be unsuitable for sea lice control. 相似文献
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The environment is currently polluted by thousands of chemicals or xenobiotics introduced into the environment by man to meet
the demands of the modern era. Every day we encounter this negative side of human civilization, but have done little to lessen
the rate of pollution. Although the entire biosphere is polluted it is water resources that are the most polluted because
water is the ultimate sink for many contaminants. Thus, fish are the most vulnerable of all animal species. They are helpless
because they cannot avoid the polluted habitat and face this contamination by default. Nevertheless, fish are found to survive
under extreme conditions when their natural habitat has been compromised to a great extent. However, fish are highly sensitive
to small environmental changes and their populations gradually dwindle if pollution continues unabated. However, we know that
there are instances when water is cleaned and the rate of repopulation by different fish species has gained momentum, restoring
the ecological balance. Thus, fish are considered reliable bioindicators of water pollution and fish ecotoxicology has received
much attention in recent years, and fish toxicology has been able to defend a significant position in the arena of xenobiotics
research over the years. This review deals with some of the major intoxication and detoxication signals manifested by fish
exposed to arsenic (As), which is presently one of the most worrying metalloids in water pollution. 相似文献
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试验条件下研究了不同质量浓度（2 mg·L^-1、8 mg·L^-1和32 mg·L^-1）双环芳烃——萘暴露对环文蛤（Cyclina sinensis）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性和丙二醛（MDA）生成量变化的影响。结果表明,高浓度萘（32 mg·L^-1）在15 d内对环文蛤有很强的致死效应;在非致死条件下,随暴露时间延长SOD活性持续升高,CAT活力存在低浓度促进高浓度抑制的现象,AKP活性随暴露时间延长表现出先升高后降低的趋势,而MDA生成量则随暴露时间延长呈现低→高→低的变化。Pearson相关分析显示,在环文蛤应对氧化胁迫的过程中SOD和CAT呈现协同作用（R=0.439,P〈0.01）,SOD和AKP表现拮抗关系（R=-0.571,P〈0.01）。在保护细胞膜结构完整性方面,CAT和AKP可能较SOD发挥更大作用（R=-0.490,P〈0.01）。 相似文献