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为进一步探讨饱和链烷技术在典型草原自由放牧家畜中的应用,定量研究放牧牛食性及食量,于2004年夏秋季节在中国科学院内蒙古草原生态系统定位研究站典型草原进行自由放牧试验,选择体重相近4岁肉乳兼用哺乳牛4头,分两期测定其食性和食量,每头牛投喂一粒YC饱和链烷缓释胶囊,试验期内每天跟踪放牧牛的采食路线,收集其所采食的牧草及粪便样品,利用气相色谱分析牧草和粪样中的链烷含量,应用链烷技术估测放牧牛的排粪量、牧草采食比例和干物质采食量.结果表明:不同放牧季节放牧牛采食的牧草种类基本相同,但采食的比例存在差异,随放牧季节后移,放牧牛采食量显著增加(P<0.05),但日排粪量差异不显著.因此,链烷技术可以估测典型草原放牧牛的排粪量、食物组成和采食量,且放牧季节对放牧牛的采食量影响较大.建议在牧草种类组成较为复杂的典型草原估测放牧家畜食性食量时要进行多种方法比较,以进一步完善链烷技术. 相似文献
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J.A. Milne 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):119-121
Extract Typical cases of the “staggers” syndrome associated with Phalaris tuberosa poisoning occurred at Invermay Research Station in October, 1954. It is being recorded because detailed records of pasture management and climatic conditions are available for the period when symptoms were seen, also the pasture composition of the Phalaris plot. 相似文献
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The GH-IGF-I axis is of major importance for the regulation of body growth and composition, and cellular proliferation and differentiation processes. Selective breeding aiming to improve growth rate and/or body composition is accompanied by changes of the GH-IGF-I axis. Research aiming to elucidate the genetic and physiologic mechanism(s) underlying these changes may best use single-trait selection lines. Two such pig selection lines, one for growth rate and one for high lean content, were used in experiments to investigate the mechanisms of the GH-IGF-I axis change during selection. This contribution reviews the selection-related changes in the GH-IGF-I axis as the consequences of selection for whole body growth rate or body composition and effects on local tissue growth rate. A model explaining the observed effects and consequences for the pressure on the physiology is presented. In short, selection related demand for GH induces GH synthesis until a limit is reached. After that the pulsatile GH plasma profile changes, which may also affect expression profiles of genes regulating body composition. 相似文献
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2007～2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展
Ⅴ.脂肪(酸)营养 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
反刍动物产品如牛奶,牛、羊肉等,是人类重要的膳食组成,其脂肪品质及脂肪酸组成与人体健康密切相关,如何合理调控反刍动物脂肪代谢过程,优化饲养模式,改善产品脂肪品质是反刍动物脂类营养研究的关键问题。作者对2007～2008年反刍动物脂类营养研究进展作一简要综述。国内的研究热点主要集中于脂肪酸代谢通路的研究、补充脂肪（脂肪酸）对反刍动物生产性能及产品脂肪酸组成的影响和瘤胃惰性脂肪的应用研究。而国外反刍动物营养脂类研究中除了上述3点外还对乳腺脂肪酸代谢调控和瘤胃后脂肪酸消化、吸收方面有较深入的研究。 相似文献
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Veterinary Research Communications - 相似文献
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Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals, 5th edition, 1997, J.J. Kaneko,J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss
《Veterinary research communications》1998,22(4):293-294
Veterinary Research Communications - 相似文献
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Zobba Rosanna Visco Stefano Sotgiu Francesca Pinna Parpaglia Maria Luisa Pittau Marco Alberti Alberto 《Veterinary research communications》2021,45(1):31-40
Veterinary Research Communications - Gastrointestinal disorders caused by enteric viruses are frequently reported in dogs worldwide, with significant mortality rates in unvaccinated individuals.... 相似文献
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Nephawe KA Cundiff LV Dikeman ME Crouse JD Van Vleck LD 《Journal of animal science》2004,82(3):647-653
Data from the first four cycles of the Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USMARC) were used to investigate genetic relationships between mature weight (MW, n = 37,710), mature weight adjusted for body condition score (AMW, n = 37,676), mature height (HT, n = 37,123), and BCS (n = 37,676) from 4- to 8-yr old cows (n = 1,800) and carcass traits (n = 4,027) measured on their crossbred paternal half-sib steers. Covariance components among traits were estimated using REML. Carcass traits were adjusted for age at slaughter. Estimates of heritability for hot carcass weight (HCWT); percentage of retail product; percentage of fat; percentage of bone; longissimus muscle area; fat thickness adjusted visually; estimated kidney, pelvic, and heart fat percentage; marbling score; Warner-Bratzler shear force; and taste panel tenderness measured on steers were moderate to high (0.26 to 0.65), suggesting that selection for carcass and meat traits could be effective. Estimates of heritability for taste panel flavor and taste panel juiciness were low and negligible (0.05 and 0.01, respectively). Estimates of heritability from cow data over all ages and seasons were high for MW, AMW, and HT (0.52, 0.57, 0.71; respectively) and relatively low for BCS (0.16). Pairwise analyses for each female mature trait with each carcass trait were done with bivariate animal models. Estimates of genetic correlations between cow mature size and carcass composition or meat quality traits, with the exception of HCWT, were relatively low. Selection for cow mature size (weight and/or height) could be effective and would not be expected to result in much, if any, correlated changes in carcass and meat composition traits. However, genetic correlations of cow traits, with the possible exception of BCS, with HCWT may be too large to ignore. Selection for steers with greater HCWT would lead to larger cows. 相似文献
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文章综述了国内外相关文献及研究成果,阐明了优质干草的营养特点,干草质量对奶牛日粮的组合效应、对奶牛生理机能及生产性能的影响作用,指出通过研究优质干草的贮藏技术和奶牛日粮的粗饲料组合效应,可以实现奶牛高效日粮的配制和科学饲养,提高奶牛的生产性能,改善牛奶品质.为合理使用优质干草,科学配制日粮,保证奶牛安全、健康和高产提供依据. 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨饲粮添加果寡糖对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能、营养素利用率、血清生化指标和肠道形态结构的影响。选取384只65周龄、体重和产蛋率相近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%的果寡糖。试验预试期1周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著降低试验后期(第7～12周)蛋鸡料蛋比(P<0.05),且料蛋比随果寡糖添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。2)试验期末(第12周末),蛋黄颜色评分随饲粮果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性升高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著提高了试验期末蛋鸡对饲粮的表观代谢能和粗蛋白质利用率(P<0.05),且表观代谢能和粗蛋白质利用率随果寡糖添加量的增加呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。4)试验期末蛋鸡血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量随果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性增加(P<0.05),血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白含量随果寡糖添加量的增加呈线性降低(P<0.05),其中0.4%果寡糖添加组和0.6%果寡糖添加组蛋鸡血清甘油三酯含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%果寡糖显著降低了试验第12周末蛋鸡空肠隐窝深度(P <0.05),显著增加了蛋鸡回肠绒毛高度(P <0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加果寡糖可改善产蛋后期蛋鸡肠道形态结构,提高营养素利用率,调节脂质代谢,从而提高生产性能和改善蛋品质,且在试验后期效果更加显著。以生产性能为判断依据,推荐产蛋后期蛋鸡基础饲粮中果寡糖的添加量为0.20%～0.25%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在比较生长期公母驴生产性能、血清生化指标、胴体性状和肉品质的差异性。选取体重(149.50±7.20)kg、胎次相近的7~8月龄健康的断奶德州改良公母驴各10只,按性别分为2组,每组各2个重复,每个重复5头。试验驴按体重的1.5%饲喂精料,粗饲料均为豆秸,精粗比为4∶6。预试期7d,正试期270d。结果表明:1)母驴干物质采食量和平均日增重略高于公驴,但差异不显著(P>0.05);母驴体长、胸宽、出皮率和皮中胶原蛋白含量显著或极显著低于公驴(P<0.05或P<0.01),但母驴胸围显著高于公驴(P<0.05)。2)母驴血清白球比显著高于公驴(P<0.05),而血清碱性磷酸酶活性极显著低于公驴(P<0.01)。母驴和公驴其他血清生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)母驴胴体率和腹脂率显著高于公驴(P<0.05),肌肉剪切力、大理石花纹评分和游离脂肪酸含量极显著高于公驴(P<0.01)。母驴和公驴其他胴体性状和肉品质指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,母驴生产性能、胴体性状和肉品质均优于公驴,但公驴出皮率和皮中胶原蛋白含量高于母驴。 相似文献
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Genome‐wide association study for carcass traits,fatty acid composition,chemical composition,sugar, and the effects of related candidate genes in Japanese Black cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Nanae Sasago Tsuyoshi Abe Hironori Sakuma Takatoshi Kojima Yoshinobu Uemoto 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(1):33-44
We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and candidate gene analysis to: (i) evaluate the effectiveness of the GWAS in our small population by performing GWAS for carcass weight (CW) and fatty acid composition; (ii) detect novel candidate regions affecting non‐CW carcass traits, chemical composition and sugar; and (iii) evaluate the association of the candidate genes previously detected in CW and fatty acid composition with other economically important traits. A total of 574 Japanese Black cattle and 40 657 Single nucleotide polymorphisms were used. In addition, candidate gene analyses were performed to evaluate the association of three CW‐related genes and two fatty acid‐related genes with carcass traits, fatty acid composition, chemical composition and sugar. The significant regions with the candidate genes were detected for CW and fatty acid composition, and these results showed that a significant region would be detectable despite the small sample size. The novel candidate regions were detected on BTA23 for crude protein and on BTA19 for fructose. CW‐related genes associated with the rib‐eye area and fatty acid composition were identified, and fatty acid‐related genes had no relationship with other traits. Moreover, the favorable allele of CW‐related genes had an unfavorable effect on fatty acid composition. 相似文献
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Bernardini D. Gerardi G. Contiero B. Caldin M. 《Veterinary research communications》2009,33(1):173-176
Veterinary Research Communications - 相似文献
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Abstract In a grazing trial conducted at the Dohne Agricultural Research Station, natural grassland was grazed continuously for 36 years with cattle. In a second investigation conducted on similar grassland, paddocks were grazed or rested, in all combinations of the four seasons of the year, over a ten year period. Changes in botanical composition and cover of the sward were monitored at regular intervals. The results of these investigations indicate that under a regime of non‐selective grazing the composition of Dohne Sourveld is remarkably stable. After 36 years of continuous grazing the species composition of the sward was largely maintained. Floristically Dohne Sourveld is dominated by a small number of grass species of which Andropogon appendiculatus, Elionurus muticus, Heteropogon contortus, Sporobolus africanus, Themeda triandra and Tristachya leucothrix are the most important. These species react differently to under‐utilization or increasingly severe defoliation, enabling them to be classified into decreaser or increaser categories. Severe defoliation resulted in a marked decrease in basal cover but only small changes in relative species composition. As the intensity of defoliation increases, decrease in grass cover is associated with an increase of forbs, such as Senecio retrorsus. 相似文献
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Veterinary Research Communications - 相似文献
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Veterinary Research Communications - Piva, A. and Grilli, E., 2007. Role of benzoic, lactic and sorbic acid in in vitro swine cecal fermentation. Veterinary Research Communications, 31(Suppl. 1),... 相似文献