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1.
The growth and morphological development including fins, spine distribution and pigmentation of larval and juvenile of hatchery‐reared yellow puffer, Chonerhinos naritus were described to provide essential information on the early life history of this species. The total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae was 3.42 ± 0.23 (mean ± SD) mm, reaching 5.66 ± 0.38 mm on 5 days after hatched (DAH), 7.80 ± 0.28 mm on 11 DAH, 9.88 ± 0.40 mm on 27 DAH and 10.92 ± 0.58 mm on 30 DAH. The yolk was completely absorbed in preflexion larvae at 4 DAH. The mouth opening started at 3 DAH of yolk sac larvae, while the teeth appeared starting from preflexion larvae at 7 DAH. Overall aggregate fin ray numbers including caudal fin attained full complement in postflexion larvae at 27 DAH. Several melanophores with appearance of small stellate were first appeared dorsally on the head of flexion larvae at 13 DAH, expanded at the dorsal region of the head, above the eye in juveniles at 30 DAH. The spines first appeared in preflexion larvae of C. naritus at 7 DAH, covering the ventral skin region below pectoral fin base and expanded to the ventral part of the body and nearly covered the whole abdomen region before the anus and below the eyes in juveniles. C. naritus remain as larvae for approximately 29 days, during which they metamorphose to the juvenile stage prior to sexual maturation. Observations in larvae development of C. naritus revealed similar characteristics with other Tetraodontidae species.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT:   The development of embryos, larvae and juveniles of the Ryukyu-ayu, Plecoglossus altivelisryukyuensis are described based on laboratory-reared specimens.The eggs were spherical, 0.98–1.18 mm (mean 1.06 mm)in diameter with an adherent membrane. The incubation period after fertilizationwas approximately 155 h at a water temperature of 19.7–22.0°C(mean 20.7°C). Newly hatched larvae were 5.0–5.9 mm(mean 5.5 mm) in body length (BL) with 59–62 myotomes.Within 5 days after hatching, the larvae had attained 6.4–8.2 mm(mean 7.8 mm) BL and had completely consumed their yolk.Notochord flexion began at 13.7 mm BL and was completedby 16.3 mm BL. The rudimental dorsal, anal, pelvic andadipose fins appeared at 14.7, 16.3, 21.8 and 21.8 mm BL, respectively.All fin rays reached the same fixed number of adult fish at about28 mm BL. The comb-like teeth began to form at approximately30 mm BL and were fully developed at about 40–50 mm BL.The proportions of P. a. ryukyuensis specimens,which were consistent with adult fish, occurred at approximately40 mm BL.  相似文献   

3.
Skeletal deformities are one of the serious problems in hatchery‐reared longtooth grouper (Epinephelus bruneus). In this study, seed production of longtooth grouper was carried out in four large hatchery‐grade tanks. Osteological development of the vertebral column, caudal‐fin skeleton and dorsal‐fin supports in larvae and juveniles was described. The vertebral ontogeny started at 4.8 mm total length (TL) with the formation of neural spines 2 and 3, and the vertebral centra began forming at 5.3 mm TL. By 16 mm TL, all vertebral bony elements were formed except for the dorsal ribs. The onsets of the ontogeny of the caudal‐fin skeleton and dorsal‐fin supports occurred at approximately 5.1 mm and 3.9 mm TL, respectively, and the completion of these bony elements occurred at approximately 20 mm TL. The incidence of deformity was examined; some type of deformity was observed in 57%–68% of the specimens. These deformities mainly occurred as three types: lordosis, around vertebrae 1–5; saddleback‐like syndrome, around vertebrae 7–11; and vertebrae fusion, around vertebrae 22–24. The incidence of prehaemal lordosis was significantly higher among individuals with an uninflated swim bladder than among those with an inflated swim bladder.  相似文献   

4.
The present study describes the skeletal development and the occurrence of deformities in American shad, Alosa sapidissima, larvae from hatching to 45 days after hatching (DAH). The ontogeny of the vertebral column started at 16 DAH (days after hatching), with the formation of the posterior neural and haemal arches, and was complete at 28 DAH. In comparison, the vertebral centra started to form at 16 DAH, with ossification being visible in all centra at 38 DAH. The pectorals were the only fins that formed before the onset of feeding (at 2 DAH), with ossification being complete at 45 DAH. The caudal fin formed at 5 DAH, with ossification being complete at 40 DAH. Dorsal and pelvic fin development began at 6 DAH and 20 DAH respectively. The ossification of both the dorsal and pelvic fins was visible at 45 DAH. The anal fin began forming at 14 DAH, and was complete at 30 DAH. The ossification of the anal fin was complete at 45 DAH. Overall, 22 types of skeletal deformities were detected in about 41% of individuals. Most anomalies were detected in the haemal region, while the fewest anomalies were detected in the anal fin. In addition, the frequency of deformities gradually increased with fish age at the different developmental stages. Our results are expected to contribute baseline information on how rearing conditions impact skeletal development, in addition to identifying potential causative factors of skeletal deformities.  相似文献   

5.
2008年11月在广西北海市侨港镇码头采获银鲈科Gerreidae、银鲈属Gerres鱼类标本两尾,经鉴定为大棘银鲈Gerres macracanthus Bleeker,1854,系我国南海鱼类一新记录。其主要特征为：体长卵圆形,侧扁,体长为体高的2.2～2.3倍;体背腹缘均呈弧状隆起,体高以背鳍起点处最高。口小,能活动,伸出时略向下倾斜。体被薄圆鳞,易脱落;侧线鳞41～43枚。背鳍鳍棘部与鳍条部相连;背鳍IX-10,第2鳍棘延长呈丝状,压倒时末端伸达尾柄;臀鳍Ⅲ-7,以第3鳍棘最长;胸鳍长,末端可达臀鳍起点上方;尾鳍叉形。新鲜标本体背部银灰色,腹部银白色,体侧有7～10条青灰色横带;背鳍灰白色,第2鳍棘黑色;臀鳍、胸鳍和腹鳍淡黄色;尾鳍灰黄色,上、下叶内缘暗色,下叶外缘白色。  相似文献   

6.
Steps taken for broodstock development of Neopomacentrus nemurus, Coral demoiselle (Bleeker, 1857) in a hatchery, its spawning and development of egg to the juvenile stage are described. Among the three treatments tried, only the trial using Parvocalanus crassirostris nauplii as the first diet helped in the development of larvae. Larval and post‐larval growth was studied for a period of 65 days post hatch. The larva measured 2–2.4 mm in total length at the time of hatching. The mouth size of larva at the time of hatching measured 237.92 µm. By the 5th day, the width of the larval body had significantly increased. All the fins were conjoined, except for the caudal fin which had begun its appearance on the 2nd day itself. The digestive system was functional by the 5th day and the copepod remains were seen in the digestive tract. The larva metamorphosed by the 15th day with fully developed fins and fin rays. On the 20th day, the larval body had begun to display signs of fin pigmentation. The larva assumed adult pigmentation by the 35th day. By the 65th day, the larva grew to a total length of about 27 mm and weighed about 0.56 g.  相似文献   

7.
瓯江产唇(鱼骨)的早期形态发育研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验结果表明,受精卵授精后120 h,仔鱼开始出膜,初孵仔鱼(体长5.6~6.8 mm,平均体长6.35 mm)鱼体透明,体表和卵黄囊均无黑色素分布,尾鳍透明光滑,具口凹和眼色素并形成胸鳍原基,至卵黄被完全吸收时胸鳍鳍条开始形成,至28日龄时仔鱼各鳍发育完全,肌节数38~42。根据卵黄囊存在的情况和脊索的弯曲程度将仔鱼划分为卵黄囊仔鱼、前弯曲期仔鱼、弯曲期仔鱼、后弯曲期仔鱼。仔鱼眼径与头长比呈递减趋势,进入后弯曲期,体长迅速增加(≥11.8 mm)。唇鱼骨仔鱼体背与体侧黑色素由背鳍下方向尾部扩散,继而由中部至头部扩散。胸鳍附近最早出现鳞片,然后向后侧覆盖,最后在腹部出现鳞片。  相似文献   

8.
In mass culture of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis, a marked growth variation is observed after they start feeding at 6–7 mm in body length (BL) on yolk‐sac larvae of other species, and the growth variation in tuna larvae is a factor leading to the prevalence of cannibalism. To examine the relationship between prey utilization and growth variation, nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of individual larvae were analysed. A prey switch experiment was conducted under two different feeding regimes: a group fed rotifers (rotifer fed group), and a group fed yolk‐sac larvae of spangled emperor, Lethrinus nebulosus (fish fed group) from 15 days after hatching (6.87 mm BL). The fish fed group showed significantly higher growth than the rotifer fed group. Changes in the δ15N of the fish fed group were expressed as an exponential model and showed different patterns from those of the rotifer fed group. The δ15N of fast‐growing tuna larvae collected in an actual mass culture tank after the feeding of yolk‐sac larvae was significantly higher than those of the slow‐growing larvae, indicating that slow glowing larvae depended largely on rotifers rather than the yolk‐sac larvae.  相似文献   

9.
以云纹石斑鱼(Epinehelus moara)为母本、鞍带石斑鱼(Epineheluslanceolatus)为父本进行种间杂交,观察比较了不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45)条件下受精卵的孵化率、初孵仔鱼畸形率,以及仔、稚、幼鱼的生长发育及形态变化;测定了盐度为30时,正常初孵仔鱼的不投饵存活系数(SAI)。结果显示,受精卵孵化的最适盐度范围是35–37,初孵仔鱼最适生存盐度为20–30。盐度为20–35时,仔鱼不投饵存活系数值较高(均在30以上);盐度为5、10、45时,仔鱼的SAI值较低。胚后发育根据卵黄囊的有无、第2背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的伸长与收缩、鳞片及体色的变化,分为仔、稚、幼鱼3个时期。在本研究条件下,初孵至2日龄为前期仔鱼,初孵仔鱼全长为(1.959±0.152) mm,主要特征为卵黄囊和油球未被吸收消化;3–30日龄为后期仔鱼,3日龄仔鱼全长为(2.765±0.108) mm,主要特征是第2背鳍棘与腹鳍棘的绝对长度已达到仔、稚鱼阶段的最大值;31–45日龄为稚鱼期,31日龄稚鱼全长为(18.130±1.565) mm,主要特征为内脏器官发育完善、鱼体呈透明状;46日龄后进入幼鱼期,此时全长为(39.850±2.565) mm,体色形成、开始被鳞、体表布满细小的棕色斑点。  相似文献   

10.
Morphological characteristics and body pigmentations of juvenile slime flounder Microstomus achne were described from one specimen [27.8 mm total length (TL)] collected off Niigata Prefecture from the Sea of Japan (35 m depth) in May 1993 and from three specimens (30.1, 36.2, and 40.9 mm TL) collected off Fukushima Prefecture on the Pacific coast of northern Japan (15 and 50 m depths) during April–May 2008 and 2009. These age-0 juveniles had a characteristically slenderly oval-shaped body and slightly protruded front nostrils. Sparsely distributed melanophores and xanthophores were clearly visible throughout the ocular side of one specimen, which was judged as a newly settled juvenile, whereas several spots aggregated by small melanophores were found in the others with elongated pectoral fins and small cycloid scales. Melanophores were only slightly detectable on the blind side. Comparisons of the depth distributions of slime flounder juveniles and sympatrically collected age-0 pleuronectids (Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini, Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, Platichthys bicoloratus, and Dexistes rikuzenius) suggested that slime flounder can settle on broad nursery areas of coastal and offshore pleuronectid flatfishes, probably depending on local oceanic conditions during the protracted pelagic phase.  相似文献   

11.
Interspecies hybridization is widely used in aquaculture as a beneficial strategy. Diploid and triploid hybrids have been detected from the interspecies hybridization of Epinephelus coioides ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂. This is the first report of triploidization through hybridization in grouper. Confirmation has been obtained through flow cytometry, karyotyping and erythrocyte nuclei measurement. The chromosome numbers of E. coioides, E. lanceolatus, diploid hybrid grouper are 48 and triploid hybrid grouper are 72. Measurements of erythrocyte nuclei indicate that triploid fish have a larger nuclear surface than the diploid groupers, and the average ratio of triploid to diploid surface area is 1.59. During the first 1.5 years, triploid hybrid groupers grow faster than diploid hybrid groupers or either parent species. The average growth rate of triploid hybrids is 1.61 times greater than that of diploid hybrids at 6 months of age and 1.43 times greater at 18 months of age. The triploid hybrid groupers are inferior in gonadal development, with no primary‐growth‐stage oocytes appearing in the gonads at 18 months of age. Morphological studies indicate that triploid hybrid groupers have distinctive differences in snout length, eye diameter, body trunk shape, and tail shape development compared with diploid hybrid groupers. Triploid hybrid groupers have an advantage in growth ability, and artificial breeding of triploid groupers might be of great potential use in the grouper aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

12.
Larvae of the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens were reared on the mass-cultured small freshwater rotifer Brachionus angularis Laos strain (UTAC-Lao), Paramecia sp., and Artemia as live food sources. Larvae fed live food were found to have a significantly high survival rate (97.5–100%) 18 days after hatch (DAH) in comparison to the control unfed larvae, which died by 12 DAH. Rotifer-fed larvae were found to grow faster than paramecia-fed larvae. The fastest growth rate was observed in larvae fed a combination of rotifer and Artemia, with growth in these larvae increasing by 282% by 18 DAH [total length (TL) 11.3 ± 1.2 mm] relative to body measurements taken 3 DAH. The next fastest growth rate was observed in rotifer-fed larvae, with a 158% increase in growth observed by 18 DAH (TL 7.6 ± 0.5 mm). The paramecia-fed larvae were found to grow by only 54.3% (TL 4.6 ± 0.1 mm) during the same period.  相似文献   

13.
The mechanism underlying malformation during flatfish metamorphosis is not clear. Here, the relationship between growth before metamorphosis and the occurrence of malformation after metamorphosis was examined in individuals reared in a single tank. Otoliths of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus larvae were labeled with alizarin complexone before metamorphosis [12 days after hatching (DAH)]. The positive linear regression between the lapillus otolith diameter and body length at 12 DAH enabled the estimation of individual larval size after completion of metamorphosis. At 12 DAH, the average body length of the typical pseudoalbino juveniles was significantly greater (5.37 mm) than that of the normal juveniles (5.13 mm) (P < 0.01, n = 100). In addition, of the larvae that were estimated to measure less than 4.8 mm at 12 DAH, approximately 80% metamorphosed into normal juveniles, whereas more than 60% of the larvae that measured more than 5.4 mm became pseudoalbino juveniles. These results indicate that the larvae that grow rapidly during the first 12 days are more likely to become pseudoalbino individuals after metamorphosis.  相似文献   

14.
采用硬骨-软骨双染色技术,详细地研究了鲵鱼仔鱼各发育阶段摄食功能骨骼的形态发育和骨化特征.在孵化后至4日龄(体长3.0 mm)仔鱼,舌弓、鳃弓、悬骨系以软骨形式,而鳃盖骨系、上下颌则以纤维化骨质逐步出现并相继硬骨化,至34日龄(7.8 mm)仔鱼,除方骨、后翼骨和中翼骨外,其它骨骼完全硬骨化.研究结果表明:鮸鱼仔鱼摄食器官的骨骼在短时间内硬骨化,为开始主动摄食提供了必要条件,表明仔鱼阶段已具备了摄食能力.  相似文献   

15.
This study focused on the anatomy and ontogeny of saddleback syndrome (SBS) in reared European sea bass. The abnormality was detected at an unusually high frequency (12–94%) during a routine quality control in a commercial hatchery. Anatomically the abnormality was mainly characterized by the loss of 1–5 hard spines and severe abnormalities of the proximal pterygiophores (anterior dorsal fin), size reduction of a few lepidotrichia, missing lepidotrichia and/or lepidotrichia of poor ossification (posterior dorsal fin). SBS was significantly correlated with abnormalities of the anal and pelvic fins in all the examined populations. Moreover, in juvenile fish, SBS was significantly correlated with an abnormal lack of sectors of the lateral line. The examination of early larval samples revealed that SBS was ontogenetically associated with severe abnormalities of the primordial marginal finfold, which developed at the flexion stage (ca 8.5–11.0 mm SL). Histologically, these abnormalities were associated with extensive epidermal erosion. The results are discussed in respect of the critical ontogenetic period and the possible causative factors of SBS in European sea bass. It is suggested that causative factors acted during a wide ontogenetic period including flexion and metamorphosis phases.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract. Dorsal fin condition was evaluated in two groups of hatchery-reared steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and compared to wild fish. Hatchery fish were reared either in nursery tanks with baffles or in isolation (1 fish/rearing space). Evaluations were conducted to determine differences in dorsal fin condition between these groups and to monitor the progression and severity of fin damage. Isolated hatchery and wild steelhead trout maintained perfect dorsal fins with characteristic white margins. Hatchery fish reared in nursery tanks with baffles experienced dorsal fin erosion that started when the fish were about 40mm total length (30 days after being on feed). This erosion continued until dorsal fin length averaged only 2·3 mm in fish 161–200 mm total length in contrast to an average dorsal fin length of 20·9mm in wild fish of the same size.  相似文献   

17.
Knowledge of broodstock manipulation, gametogenesis, artificial fertilization and larval nutrition is a prerequisite to reach a large‐scale production of the polychaete Hediste diversicolor. In this study, the characteristics of oogenesis and spermatogenesis and embryonic and larval development were observed. Moreover, the effect of temperature on embryonic development and effect of diets and sediment on earlier juvenile development were tested. Mature oocytes were characterized by a spherical shape with a diameter of about 200 μm. They showed radial symmetry with a large centric nucleus surrounded by four distinctive layers. Embryo cleavage started between 4 and 10 hr after fertilization, and developed to the swimming trochophore stage after 5–6 days after fertilization at 11°C. The rate of embryonic development increased with a temperature increase from 6.1 to 21.2°C. The trochophore larvae increased in length from day 9 and commenced differentiation into 3‐setiger stage larvae at day 12. The length growth of larvae until 7‐setiger stage was 0.43 mm/day when fed with fish feed, while those fed shellfish diet and smolt sludge both grew around 0.21–0.23 mm/day. The results suggest that fish feed is a superior diet compared to shellfish diets and smolt sludge for the early larval stage of H. diversicolor.  相似文献   

18.
The ontogeny of shi drum Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus 1758), a candidate new species for aquaculture, was studied throughout the entire larval phase. Geometric morphometric analysis revealed two clear inflection points (7.0 and 12.7 mm total length, TL) in the shape ontogeny of this species, separating the studied period into three phases of different allometric priorities. Spline graphs demonstrated that the major non‐uniform shape ontogeny correlated with the development of the fins, the anterior dorsal area of the body, the caudal peduncle, the eye and the mouth. Concerning the morphological features, shi drum larvae are characterized by an upward anterior bending of the notochord. The ontogeny of the fins began with the formation of the pectoral buds (2.9 mm TL), continued with the notochord flexion (4.3 mm TL, associated with the caudal fin development), the appearance of the pelvic buds, the first anal rays (4.5 mm TL) and the first dorsal rays (4.8 mm TL). Shi drum juveniles presented 25 vertebrae and the following dominant fin types: D XI,23, AII,6, VI,5, P17 and C17.  相似文献   

19.
The marine leech, Zeylanicobdella arugamensis, is a major threat to aquaculture in grouper-producing countries including Indonesia. This study aimed at investigating prevalence, intensity and histopathology of the ectoparasite in humpback and hybrid groupers cultured in different rearing systems. A total of 260 groupers (60 humpback groupers and 200 hybrid groupers) were used for samples. The marine leech was observed on skin, fins, gills and mouth, followed by histopathological assay on the skin tissue. The results showed that prevalence of the leech in both groupers was higher when they were cultured in the floating net cages compared with the hatchery, p < .05. Furthermore, humpback grouper had a higher prevalence than hybrid grouper when they were cultured in a similar system, p < .05. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in intensity between the two groupers, p > .05. Within the hybrid groupers, the highest prevalence was obtained from hybrid groupers reared in the earthen ponds. Histopathological studies showed that the infected groupers exhibited inflammation, congestion and erosion of the epidermis layer. Hybrid grouper had more severe histopathological lesions in the skin tissues. These results suggested that species and type of aquaculture system had significantly determined the prevalence, intensity and severity of lesion in Z. arugamensis infestation.  相似文献   

20.
2010年在广东省饶平县柘林湾进行了七带石斑鱼（Epinephelus septemfasciatus）海水网箱人工养殖研究,观察和研究了人工养成的七带石斑鱼的形态特征和生物学性状。通过观察、测量、解剖,对114尾七带石斑鱼的外部形态、可量比性状和内部结构进行了研究。结果表明,七带石斑鱼体呈椭圆形,侧扁,体侧具7条褐色横带,第1条横带仅伸达主鳃盖骨上方边缘,第6条横带分成2条,体侧横带具有不规则的白色斑纹,各鳍边缘白色,背鳍鳍棘部褐色和白色横带相间,鳍条部具有由白色横带延伸而成的3个白斑。胃呈卜型,幽门盲囊发达;肠道长度为体长的0.7～1.4倍,与七带石斑鱼为肉食性鱼类的特征相一致。  相似文献   

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