共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
以克瑞森无核葡萄品种为试材,采用重组几丁质酶对接种灰霉菌的葡萄果实进行处理,研究重组几丁质酶对葡萄果实腐烂的抑制及其诱导抗病作用。结果表明:在25℃条件下,重组几丁质酶处理能诱导采后葡萄的抗病性,不仅增加了葡萄果实中POD、PPO和PAL的酶活性,而且降低了丙二醛含量,诱导了果实中酚类物质含量的积累;在不同程度上延缓了葡萄的发病时间,降低了发病指数,贮藏至第6天时,对照的发病指数已达到100%,而重组几丁质酶处理的发病指数仅为47.8%。总的来看,重组几丁质酶处理可以提高葡萄采后抗病性,在贮藏初期抑制由灰霉引起的葡萄腐烂。 相似文献
2.
为防控采后金秋梨轮纹病的发生,本试验研究采前茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理对金秋梨果实抗病性和品质的影响.结果表明:采前10 mmol/L MeJA处理可以有效抑制采后金秋梨轮纹病的发病及病斑直径的扩大;采前MeJA处理的金秋梨果实被刺伤接种葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria dothidea)后,在常温(25±2)℃条件下贮藏第16天,其发病率和病斑直径分别比对照降低了 10个百分点和11.3 mm;采前MeJA处理能够提高金秋梨成熟果实几丁质酶(CHI)、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(GLU)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗性相关酶的活性,抑制丙二醛(MDA)的生成,促进总酚物质的生成,从而提高果实的抗病性,抑制金秋梨成熟果实轮纹病的发生;同时采前MeJA处理能够延缓VC含量的下降和失重率的上升,提高果实的贮藏品质. 相似文献
3.
为探究褪黑素在维持采后梨果实品质方面的潜力,为采后梨贮藏保鲜技术研发提供参考,以成熟期采收的新梨7号梨果实为试材,分别用0(对照),0.02,0.20,1.00 mmol/L的褪黑素溶液浸泡2,4,8,12,24 h后取样,测定了各处理对采后梨果实内在品质、细胞壁裂解相关酶活性、抗氧化相关酶活性及果皮与果肉内源褪黑素和水杨酸含量的影响。结果表明,用0.02,0.20,1.00 mmol/L褪黑素浸泡梨果实8 h,梨果实的硬度分别为38.51,42.79,40.95 N/cm2,乙烯释放速率分别比对照下降了66%,70%,71%;用0.20 mmol/L褪黑素浸泡梨果实8 h,果实的可溶性固形物含量(SSC)为94 g/L,显著高于对照组(80.2 g/L),为对照组的1.17倍,果实的可滴定酸(TAC)为1.013 g/L,也显著高于对照组(0.90 g/L),为对照组的1.13倍;此外,外源褪黑素处理显著提高了采后梨果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,显著降低了采后梨果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PME)、... 相似文献
4.
为研究不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理对采后杏果实品质的影响,分别采用0、10、100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯处理杏,定期测定其硬度、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、可滴定酸(TA)含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果表明:MeJA处理可提高贮藏期间杏果实的CAT活性,抑制POD和PPO活性,同时降低果实的腐烂,在延缓果实软化速度的同时还提高了果实的风味和品质,对杏果TSS含量无太大影响。其中10μmol/L MeJA处理对采后杏果实的保鲜效果最佳。 相似文献
5.
褪黑素处理对百香果采后生理及质构特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨褪黑素处理对百香果采后生理及质构特性的影响,分别用褪黑素(200 μmol/L)和清水(CK)处理百香果,研究其在4℃冷藏期间果实的失重率、细胞膜通透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及质构特性的变化.结果 表明,200 μmol/L褪黑素处理组能有效减少百香果贮藏期间的水分损失,延缓百香果失重率的增加,保持果实较好的SOD和CAT活性水平,抑制POD活性和MDA的积累,降低细胞膜透性,保持百香果果实细胞膜的完整性,从而保持果实良好的采后品质,延缓果实衰老. 相似文献
6.
研究旨在探索采后浸泡苯并噻二唑(BTH)处理对火龙果采后果实抗桃吉尔霉(Gilbertella persicaria)能力、贮藏品质和抗病相关酶活性的影响,为火龙果采后贮藏提供理论和实践依据。以火龙果‘软枝大红’为材料,采用0、50、100、150、200 mg/L BTH浸泡采后火龙果果实,观察接种桃吉尔霉病斑面积及病情指数变化、采后腐烂时间和腐烂率变化,综合比较筛出最佳BTH浓度,随后进一步测定贮藏期间对照和最佳处理浓度的品质和相关酶活性的变化。与对照相比,100 mg/L BTH浸泡处理可以显著降低火龙果果实接种桃吉尔霉后的病情指数(P<0.05),提高总糖含量、降低可滴定酸含量,提升贮藏期间CAT、SOD、POD、CHI、GLU、PAL活力。100 mg/L BTH浸泡处理对采后火龙果果实抗桃吉尔霉效果最佳,可提高火龙果果实的抗病、抗氧化相关酶活性,提升贮藏品质和延长贮藏时间。 相似文献
7.
8.
不同芽孢杆菌处理对杏采后保鲜效果及诱导抗性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确芽孢杆菌对杏采后保鲜效果和诱导抗性机理,以"金太阳"杏果实为试材,营养肉汤(NB)培养基和无菌水作为对照,采用3种芽孢杆菌(HB-2、B1、B271)处理液分别对杏果实进行采前10天喷施处理和采后浸泡处理,并测定其贮藏过程中的腐烂率、抗病性相关酶活性及营养品质指标。结果表明:采用芽孢杆菌采前喷施处理后的杏果实在贮藏过程中感官品质显著好于对照组(P<0.05),且能有效降低果实腐烂率。采后浸泡芽孢杆菌处理也能有效降低腐烂率,HB-2和B1显著好于B271及对照组(P<0.05)。在采前喷施和采后浸泡两种方式处理中,HB-2效果均好于其他处理。同时,芽孢杆菌能提高杏果实的多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,增强果实抗病性,延缓果实衰老。在采后贮藏过程中,3种芽孢杆菌亦能显著减缓杏果实VC含量、可滴定酸含量及硬度的降低(P<0.05),有效抑制丙二醛(MDA)的积累,维持果实品质。综合来看,芽孢杆菌处理在杏采后贮藏保鲜中具有较好潜力。 相似文献
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10.
为研究不同浓度氯化钙处理对采后蓝莓品质的影响,本试验分别采用15、30 g/L的氯化钙及去离子水(对照)浸泡处理采后蓝莓10 min,并于4℃下贮藏。以14 d为1个测定周期,对采后蓝莓果实的基本生理指标、原果胶和可溶性果胶含量、抗性相关酶活性、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力进行测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,氯化钙处理可延缓采后蓝莓果实腐烂率、失重率的上升,抑制硬度、可溶性固形物含量、原果胶含量的下降,降低呼吸强度以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,诱导过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,提升超氧阴离子自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力。氯化钙处理对采后蓝莓果实有较好的保鲜效果,且以15 g/L氯化钙处理效果最佳。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
15.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
16.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
17.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
18.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献