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1.
Agricultural land use and flood risk management: Engaging with stakeholders in North Yorkshire 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Recent changes in agricultural and flood defence policies create new opportunities for involving rural land use, in particular agriculture, in flood risk management. This paper presents the results of a case study on land management and flooding in the Laver and Skell catchments in North Yorkshire. The perceptions of local stakeholders were explored through interviews with farmers and discussions among stakeholders that were held, supported by the Floods and Agriculture Risk Matrix (FARM) tool, during a stakeholder workshop. These stakeholder perceptions are reviewed against scientific evidence. Temporary storage of runoff water on farmland was found to have potential to mitigate flooding, but the participating stakeholders thought that this was beyond farmers’ responsibility of good farming practice. During the stakeholder workshop, it was therefore agreed among all participants that targeting funding is needed, as well as stakeholder engagement and demonstration farms, in order to successfully involve farmers in flood risk management. 相似文献
2.
高静 《中国农村水利水电》2010,(2):128-130
现行“471号令”中沿用的产值倍数法征地补偿费测试方法不适应我国大西南水电开发中的客观情况。从确立“公平补偿”为标准,保证移民福利水平不降低出发,进行移民搬迁前后的经济现金流分析,确定新的补偿技术路线,构造出收益法和成本法结合的补偿函数,提高了征地补偿测试方法的科学性和合理性,以期为我国的水电建设提供政策制定参考。 相似文献
3.
《灌溉排水学报》2019,(4)
国内外学者利用HEC-HMS水文模型模拟流域降雨径流过程,发现该模型有良好的适用性。【目的】提高紫荆关流域洪水模拟精度。【方法】采用紫荆关流域水文气象及下垫面资料,将流域划分为11个子流域,通过选择产流和汇流计算方法,构建了该流域分布式HEC-HMS水文模型,并从历史实测暴雨洪水事件中选择14场洪水对构建的HEC-HMS水文模型进行了参数率定和模型验证。【结果】率定的各子流域产流参数基本相同,由于各子流域面积不同导致汇流参数也不同。模拟的洪峰流量和洪量相对误差均在20%以内,纳什效率系数为0.51～0.95,模拟与实测的洪水过程线吻合较好,模型模拟精度较高。【结论】构建的水文模型能反映紫荆关流域实际的产汇流过程,可用于该流域洪水过程模拟和洪水预报。 相似文献
4.
浦阳江流域地形复杂,包括山丘、盆地和平原。中游诸暨盆地是人口主要聚集地,受上游山区洪水和下游钱塘江潮位顶托影响,洪涝灾害形势严峻。为解决上述问题,本文对流域上游山区采用新安江水文模型模拟降雨径流过程,对下游盆地区采用IFMS一、二维水动力模型模拟水流运动,并以水文模型的计算结果作为水动力模型的边界条件进行水文水动力模型耦合。结果表明水文水动力模型适用于浦阳江全流域洪水模拟,能够弥补新安江模型中马斯京根汇流无法考虑潮水顶托影响以及水动力模型难以响应降雨变化的不足。根据地区防洪特点设置致灾因子变化和水利工程建设两类情景进行洪水模拟,得到不同条件下浦阳江流域的洪水淹没水深分布,通过结果分析,总结得出浦阳江流域洪涝问题的解决对策和建议。 相似文献
5.
洪水风险图绘制是防洪减灾工程措施中的一种重要方法,不但可以有效的减轻洪水带来的灾害损失,而且可以为及时掌握洪水灾情提供预测,本文运用GIS反演技术,建立水力学洪水演进模型进行洪水风险分析,对蓄滞洪区进行危险程度分区,并计算不同运用情况下的洪水淹没范围,经过渲染后的图层叠加获得鄱阳湖蓄滞洪区洪水风险图,鄱阳湖蓄滞洪区风险图的绘制将为各级水利防汛指挥机构的抗洪抢险救灾行动提供决策依据,也为合理的制定和实施蓄滞洪区长效管理机制提供科学依据。 相似文献
6.
针对水稻洪灾易损性与多种因素呈复杂的非线性相关问题,通过训练和检验样本的选择、网络程序的构建、神经网络的训练、最佳参数的确定、原始数据的检验等过程,以Matlab为平台建立RBF神经网络洪灾易损性模型,对水稻的洪灾易损性进行模拟,并与AGA-BP网络的训练和检验结果进行对比,以此验证RBF神经网络在洪灾易损性分析中的可行性和有效性。实例分析表明：RBF网络检验样本的平均相对误差是5.428%,比AGA-BP网络（检验样本的平均相对误差是8.652%）精度更高,检验效果更好,对易损性的模拟程度更佳,使洪灾易损性分析结果更加准确、可靠。 相似文献
7.
《Agricultural Systems》2007,92(1-3):157-178
The Moore Catchment, which lies to the north of Perth in Western Australia, suffers from a number of problems related to water management. Farmers want to manage salinity and waterlogging problems through the use of drains, but this has possible negative off-farm impacts on both the environment and flood risk. Views on responsibilities for managing water within the catchment differ between farmers, local communities and government agencies. This paper reports the results from surveys of attitudes towards catchment management, for two community groups: residents of Perth and residents of rural towns in the catchment. These surveys elicited general attitudes towards the environment and agriculture, and views on responsibilities for managing the catchment. It also included a choice modelling section, where the attributes under consideration included the area of land under salt and trees, ecological risks to off-farm wetlands and risk of flooding, farm incomes and personal financial contributions to a management fund. Preliminary results indicate that residents of both rural towns and Perth are willing to pay to avoid damage to the natural environment, both on and off-farm, as well as the risk of flooding. Perhaps more surprisingly, whether farmers’ incomes were being negatively affected in a choice set has a very strong impact on the choice made. 相似文献
8.
随着累计地面沉降量的增加,蓄滞洪区内的洪水特性发生了一定程度的改变。以贾口洼蓄滞洪区为例,通过对其进行地面沉降分析,构建基于两种不同地面高程资料的二维水动力模型,对大清河百年一遇设计洪水进行演进模拟。通过比较地面沉降前后洪水演进过程、淹没水位和洪水淹没面积的差异,得出如下结论：在入流过程和蓄水量完全相同的情况下,地面沉降会引起贾口洼蓄滞洪区前期洪水演进速度变缓,淹没水位降低,最大淹没范围增大。该结论可为滞洪区的防洪减灾及大清河防洪调度提供决策依据和科学指导。 相似文献
9.
Matthew Douglas Rhine Gene Stevens Grover Shannon Allen Wrather David Sleper 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(2):135-142
Furrow irrigating soybean prior to a large, unexpected rainfall event can reduce nitrogen fixation and crop yield. The objective
of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of soybean cultivars to waterlogged alluvial soils. Five cultivars were selected,
which showed a range of tolerances to excessive soil water. Flood duration and flood timing experiments were conducted on
clay and silt loam soils. Main plots were flooding duration and flood timing and subplots were soybean cultivars. Most cultivars
were able to withstand flooding for 48–96 h without crop injury. Cultivars flooded during the V5 growth stage suffered the
least amount of yield loss. The greatest yield losses from flooding occurred at the R5 growth stage. Soybean yields from cultivars
flooded at R5 were reduced by 20–39% compared to non-flooded checks. Pioneer 94B73 (cv.) had no significant change in yield
from flooding for 192 h at any of the three growth stages, compared to non-flooded controls. 相似文献
10.
根据三峡水利枢纽工程进度要求，就三峡(围堰发电期)~葛洲坝水利枢纽联合调度运行中有关泄洪设施的运行调度方式、三期围堰安全度汛方案、梯级发电调度方式、梯级航运调度方式和船闸运行方式等方面的问题进行较全面的分析研究，给出了相应的调度运营方案，对2003年运行结果进行了初步的分析，提出蓄水后应进一步研究的问题，以确保围堰发电期及三峡水利枢纽正常运用后，可全面发挥其防洪、发电、航运等综合效益。 相似文献
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12.
洪水灾害不仅威胁人民的生命财产,也影响着资源环境生态系统的安全,对耕地资源的数量和质量极具破坏性。耕地一旦遭到破坏,需要投入巨大的人力、物力和财力,才能恢复其生产力。该文在分析水毁耕地致灾因子的基础上,选取了降水、地形起伏度、洪灾发生频度和水系（包括河流及湖泊）缓冲区等限制性因子,综合因子隶属度叠加的评价方法,对中国水毁耕地空间分布格局进行了研究,将中国水毁耕地分为重度危险、中度危险和轻度危险3级和9个亚级,并提出了相应的防治对策。评价结果表明:重度危险级主要分布在中国7大江河流域沿岸和云贵高原,面积19.44万km2;中度危险级主要分布在东南部沿海丘陵区和黄土高原,面积40.74万km2;轻度危险级分布于华北平原、三江平原和西北内陆地区,面积68.29万km2。对全国水毁耕地危险度进行分级评价,以此进行空间分布格局研究,可为防灾、赈灾和土地整理规划编制、基本农田建设标准的制定提供基础理论依据。 相似文献
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14.
John Finlayson Andrew Bathgate Tivi Theiveyanathan Russell Crosbie Ziaul Hoque 《Agricultural Systems》2010,103(3):161-170
It has been widely suggested that changing land use from annual to perennial crops reduces land and stream degradation due to salinisation. However, annual crops are financially attractive and increases in perennials can reduce stream flows with adverse effects on stream values. As such, salinity control is likely to involve tradeoffs between public and private costs and benefits. This study quantifies the expected on-farm economic and catchment-level water yield and salinity effects of altering land use among trees, perennial pastures and cereals. The structure of a two stage linear-programming (LP) process is described. The first stage is the MIDAS farm-level model of mixed cropping and sheep enterprises which provides inputs to a second stage catchment-level LP. It was concluded that perennial pastures can be used in conjunction with trees as a stream salinity-management tool in low to intermediate rainfall areas in New South Wales. The results indicate that land-use decisions should be informed by site-specific information if adverse effects on streams are to be avoided. 相似文献
15.
特征水位是防汛预警决策的重要依据。近年来,淮河三河尖水位站经常出现大范围、长历时的水位超警,现有的特征水位已逐渐不能适应当前防汛工作需要。采用上下游水面线分析、水力学法、水位过程线对比分析和最高水位年频次分析等方法分别得出相应的特征水位,综合考虑堤防超高、特征水位确定原则以及抗洪抢险联动性等因素,提出更为合理可行的特征水位,最后对三河尖两岸淹没情况和上游圩区进行影响分析。结果表明:特征水位调整对三河尖两岸及上游圩区堤防影响不大;三河尖水位站原警戒水位和保证水位过低,应适当提高。 相似文献
16.
Biophysical and economic tradeoffs of intercropping timber with food crops in the Philippine uplands
《Agricultural Systems》2001,67(1):49-69
Steadily rising prices for timber on Mindanao in the Philippines have given an incentive to farmers to devote some of their land to fast-growing tree species. The costs and benefits of intercropping young timber trees with food crops was studied in a 1000 stem ha−1 stand of Paraserianthes falcataria. At 2 years of age, diameter at breast height and height of intercropped trees were 33 and 21% greater, respectively, than sole trees. Management costs of intercropped trees were less than half of sole trees. Allometric equations for Mindanao falcataria were used to project future tree growth and system returns. In the base scenario (1000 trees ha−1, 5-year rotation), the sum of biophysical and economic benefits of intercropping trees with a maize/vegetable rotation for two years were less than the costs of reduced intercrop yield, compared to sole cropping of each component. A linear relationship of crop decline to the increase in basal area of the stand was used to predict returns to intercropping under alternative tree densities and intercropping periods. Intercropping becomes more attractive as labor becomes scarcer relative to land, the need to minimize cash inputs becomes more important to farmers, and trees increase in value relative to annual crops. 相似文献
17.
治沟造地是我国解决耕地后备资源不足的重要举措。解决好用水、排水和防洪安全问题,是治沟造地流域农业产量提升、生态环境高质量发展的关键。在总结黄土高原流域水资源利用和水利设施防洪现有问题的基础上,提出了黄土高原治沟造地流域蓄（水）、排（水）、防（洪、盐渍化）、灌（溉）、管（理）为一体的水利综合配套技术,并推荐了两个适用于不同汇水面积的洪峰流量计算公式,为蓄排水工程设计提供依据。该技术有利于黄土高原治沟造地流域水资源的永续利用和治沟造地的土地安全。 相似文献
18.
为了对江苏省沿海地区大量土地进行整治,针对沿海地区盐碱土改良增产效果进行量化以获取整治效果.以江苏省沿海地区的4个土地整治项目为例,从资金投入、过程管理、工程实施、综合效益4个方面选取了27个评价指标组成效益评价指标体系,用统计类比、专家咨询等方法构建了土地整治综合评估模型,得到综合效益评价值,提出了相应的建议和措施,为沿海地区土地整治成效的定量化评价提供了科学依据.结果表明:该研究区的4个土地整治项目实施的总体成效较为显著,大部分指标达到计划要求,具有显著的经济、社会和生态效益,但是各项目单项指标成效评估差距较大,土地整治项目综合评价还有较大的提升空间.评价结果为沿海地区在土地整治实践中有针对性地改进提供了依据和借鉴. 相似文献
19.
黄泛平原中低产田水土资源优化利用模式研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了在黄泛平原采用多目标线性规划法进行水土资源优化分析计算的方法，该方法以区域净效益最大为主目标，以资金投入最省为分目标，以可耕地面积、分区可供水量、总可利用水量、资金及作物种植面积等为约束条件，并选择在山东省宁津县杜集镇万亩中低产田示范区进行验算。 相似文献
20.
以 2个示范区作为实例构建了一套对南方涝渍地实施以农业工程技术为基础的综合整治与建设后的效果进行评价的评价体系。该体系由工程效果、农业综合开发效果和综合效益等 3部分构成。在工程效果评价中 ,重点对工程实施后的抗灾减灾效果和代表经过改良后农田物理构架改变的“农田综合生产力指数 (IPI)”等二方面进行了分析。研究表明 ,该评价体系能比较全面、有重点地对涝渍地综合改良的实效做出评价。由于该体系实现了评价的数量化 ,使用该评价体系既利于对同一地区改良前后的效果做出对比分析、找出存在的问题 ,也利于对邻近不同地区的改良效果做出比较评价。对 2个示范区进行实际评价的结果表明 ,该地区的涝渍地综合整治开发效果良好 ,其第一期工程取得成功。 相似文献