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辽宁省葡萄栽培仅次于苹果和梨,是我国葡萄生产大省,鲜食葡萄产量居全国第一位.葡萄栽培基本遍布全省,形成了以大连、营口为主的辽南葡萄带,以锦州、朝阳、葫芦岛为主的辽西葡萄带,以沈阳、铁岭、辽阳为主的辽宁中北部葡萄带.鲜食葡萄品种仍以‘晚红’‘巨峰’等从国外引进的老品种为主.近年来,‘香悦’‘醉金香’‘巨玫瑰’‘着色香’等品种面积逐年扩大,优新品种比例逐渐上升,品种结构的优化得到重视,市场对优新品种也更加期待.我省从事葡萄育种工作的有十余个单位,从上世纪50年代起到目前,先后通过审定、鉴定程序的优良鲜食葡萄品种23个,其中芽变选种2个,实生选种3个,杂交育种18个.可能统计的不够完全,但也基本上反映了我省培育优良葡萄品种的情况.现具体介绍如下. 相似文献
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我国鲜食葡萄育种的种质基础与种质创新 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对我国所育成的48个鲜食葡萄品种(系)的种质基础和种质利用模式进行了分析,结果表明,玫瑰香、葡萄园皇后、莎巴珍珠、巨峰、无核白、无核紫等是作为亲本利用较多的葡萄种质;玫瑰香×莎巴珍珠、玫瑰香×京早晶、葡萄园皇后×无核紫、沈阳玫瑰×巨峰等有性杂交组合及巨峰系四倍体品种的实生选种为葡萄种质的主要利用模式。尽管我国自行培育的很多鲜食葡萄品种在生产中发挥了巨大作用,但我国葡萄育种的遗传基础相对狭窄,葡萄种质利用的模式较为单一。对葡萄种质的扩增、改良和创新是当务之急。 相似文献
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近几年来,笔者采用冷库低温化学保鲜技术,使鲜食葡萄贮藏4～6个月,商品果率在95%以上。具体技术如下: 一、影响葡萄耐贮性的因素葡萄的贮藏效果受多种因素的影响。其中葡萄的生物学特性,栽培管理技术和贮藏条件是影响贮藏的主要因子。 相似文献
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4个四倍体玫瑰香味鲜食葡萄品种与其亲本果实香气成分分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《果树学报》2017,(4)
【目的】分析4个四倍体玫瑰香味鲜食葡萄品种的芳香化合物组分,为深入了解四倍体葡萄品种提供理论依据。【方法】以4个四倍体玫瑰香味鲜食葡萄品种(‘早黑宝’‘秋黑宝’‘晚黑宝’和‘四倍体玫瑰香’)及其二倍体亲本‘瑰宝’‘早玫瑰香’‘秋红’‘玫瑰香’成熟期果实为材料,利用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用技术对果实的芳香化合物组分进行测定,采用面积归一法对香气成分进行定量。【结果】各品种果实芳香物质成分种类和相对含量差异较大。醛类物质相对含量最高,其中2-己烯醛占34.40%~49.81%,‘四倍体玫瑰香’与亲本‘玫瑰香’无显著差异,‘早黑宝’和‘晚黑宝’均低于亲本,而‘秋黑宝’介于父母本中间;己醛占16.28%~28.43%,‘四倍体玫瑰香’显著高于‘玫瑰香’,‘早黑宝’与‘瑰宝’无显著差异,但低于父本‘早玫瑰香’,‘秋黑宝’和‘晚黑宝’均高于‘瑰宝’,但低于父本‘秋红’或与‘秋红’无显著差异。除‘秋红’外,其余7个葡萄果实中均含有相对含量较高的萜烯醇(7.24%~28.60%),‘四倍体玫瑰香’最高,‘早玫瑰香’最低,‘四倍体玫瑰香’仅比‘玫瑰香’高出3.94%,‘早黑宝’分别比父母本高出20.22%、2.07%,而‘晚黑宝’和‘秋黑宝’分别比母本低13.21%、7.87%。【结论】里那醇和香叶醇对7个玫瑰香味葡萄品种果实香气贡献最大。二倍体玫瑰香味葡萄加倍后,主要呈香物质相对含量未因染色体加倍而加倍,而与亲本玫瑰香味浓郁程度有关。8个葡萄品种果实芳香物质中的主要成分是C6醛。 相似文献
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Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho Erick Espinoza-Núñez Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Edwin Moisés Marcos Ortega 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
Vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Fallglo’ and ‘Sunburst’ mandarins on ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Orlando’ tangelo, and ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin were evaluated under subtropical climate of Northern São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2000 through 2006 harvest seasons. ‘Fallglo’ mandarin trees had the highest cumulative yield on ‘Rangpur’ lime, and the smallest on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and ‘Orlando’ tangelo. Plants of this cultivar had the highest yield efficiency on ‘Rangpur’ lime, and the lowest on ‘Orlando’ tangelo. ‘Sunburst’ mandarin trees began to bear fruits later than ‘Fallglo’ mandarin trees, with no differences in yield induced by the rootstocks. ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin induced the most vigorous growth in ‘Fallglo’ mandarin as compared to plants on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo. On the other hand, the largest trees of ‘Sunburst’ mandarin were registered on ‘Orlando’ tangelo, and the smallest on ‘Rangpur’ lime. ‘Sunburst’ mandarin had higher alternate bearing than ‘Fallglo’ regardless the rootstock. Fruit weight and juice content were not affected by the rootstock. These two mandarin scion cultivars may be considered adequate alternatives to produce good fruit quality for the fresh fruit market. ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Rangpur lime are suitable rootstocks for ‘Fallglo’ mandarin, whereas all rootstocks evaluated are adequate for ‘Sunburst’ mandarin. 相似文献
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Tree performance and fruit yield and quality of ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma mandarin grafted on 12 rootstocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tatiana Cantuarias-Avilés Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Simone Rodrigues da Silva Erick Espinoza-Núñez 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The citriculture in Brazil, as well as in other important regions in the world, is based on very few mandarin cultivars. This fact leads to a short harvest period and higher prices for off-season fruit. The ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma (Citrus unshiu Marc.) is among the earliest ripening mandarin cultivars, and it is considered to be tolerant to citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al.) and to citrus variegated chlorosis (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.). Despite having regular fruit quality under hot climate conditions, the early fruit maturation and absence of seeds of ‘Okitsu’ fruits are well suited for the local market in the summer (December through March), when the availability of citrus fruits for fresh consumption is limited. Yet, only a few studies have been conducted in Brazil on rootstocks for ‘Okitsu’. Consequently, a field trial was carried out in Bebedouro, São Paulo State, to evaluate the horticultural performance of ‘Okitsu’ Satsuma mandarin budded onto 12 rootstocks: the citrandarin ‘Changsha’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) × Poncirus trifoliata ‘English Small’; the hybrid Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) × ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macfad.); the trifoliates (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.) ‘Rubidoux’, ‘FCAV’ and ‘Flying Dragon’ (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa); the mandarins ‘Sun Chu Sha Kat’ (C. reticulata Blanco) and ‘Sunki’ (Citrus sunki (Hayata) Hort. ex. Tanaka); the Rangpur limes (C. limonia Osbeck) ‘Cravo Limeira’ and ‘Cravo FCAV’; ‘Carrizo’ citrange (Citrus sinensis × P. trifoliata), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata × C. paradisi), and ‘Orlando’ tangelo (C. paradisi × Citrus tangerina cv. ‘Dancy’). The experimental grove was planted in 2001, using a 6 m × 3 m spacing, in a randomized block design. No supplementary irrigation was applied. Fruit yield, canopy volume, and fruit quality were assessed for each rootstock. A cluster multivariate analysis identified three different rootstock pairs with similar effects on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Okitsu’ mandarin. The ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate had a unique effect over the ‘Okitsu’ trees performance, inducing lower canopy volume and higher yield efficiency and fruit quality, and might be suitable for high-density plantings. The ‘Cravo Limeira’ and ‘Cravo FCAV’ Rangpur limes induced early-ripening of fruits, with low fruit quality. ‘Sun Chu Sha Kat’ and ‘Sunki’ mandarins and the ‘Orlando’ tangelo conferred lower yield efficiency and less content of soluble solids for the latter rootstock. 相似文献
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In this work we report the cloning and identification of S-RNase alleles responsible for gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) of ‘Rocha’ pear and of 13 other European pear cultivars that might be used as its pollinators. Partial sequences of S-RNase alleles were amplified by PCR with specific primers hybridising in conserved regions of previously identified S-RNase alleles of Pyrus communis, cloned and sequenced and the S-genotype of eight pear cultivars was fully determined. Three cultivars (‘General Léclerc’ (SqSl), ‘Tosca’ (SbSl) and ‘Alexandrine Douillard’ (SbSk)) shared no S-alleles with ‘Rocha’ (SaSe) and shall be totally compatible with this cultivar. None of the cultivars analysed showed an identical amplification pattern to the one observed in ‘Rocha’, so the other cultivars shall be at least semi-compatible. One new allele was identified in P. communis cv. ‘Beurré d’Avril’ (designated as St). The determination of both S-RNase alleles of cvs ‘Rocha’, ‘Beurré Precoce Morettini’ (SeSk) and ‘Tosca’ and the identification of one S-RNase allele in cvs ‘Carapinheira’ (Sb), ‘Amêndoa’ (Se), ‘Pérola’ (Sk) and ‘Beurré d’Avril’ (St) are important contributions for the effort recently developed worldwide to establish groups of sexual compatibility among European pears. 相似文献
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Tatiana Cantuarias-Avilés Francisco de Assis Alves Mourão Filho Eduardo Sanches Stuchi Simone Rodrigues da Silva Erick Espinoza-Nuñez 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Despite its outstanding position, the Brazilian citriculture is established on a very limited pool of varieties that limits its expansion and restricts the fruit availability throughout the year. This situation determines the urgent necessity of developing alternative scion and rootstock cultivars, with good performance under local conditions. ‘Folha Murcha’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) is a late-harvest cultivar, suitable both for the juice processing industry and the fresh fruit market, being described as tolerant to citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Schaad et al.), and less affected by citrus variegated chlorosis (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.). A study was conducted in Bebedouro, São Paulo State, Brazil, to evaluate the horticultural performance of ‘Folha Murcha’ sweet orange budded onto 12 rootstocks: the citrandarin ‘Changsha’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) × Poncirus trifoliata ‘English Small’; the hybrid ‘Rangpur’ lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) × ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. × Citrus paradisi Macfad.); the trifoliates (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.) ‘Rubidoux’, ‘FCAV’, and ‘Flying Dragon’ (P. trifoliata var. monstrosa); the ‘Sun Chu Sha Kat’ mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco); the ‘Sunki’ mandarin (Citrus sunki (Hayata) Hort. ex. Tanaka); the ‘Rangpur’ limes (C. limonia Osbeck) ‘Cravo Limeira’ and ‘Cravo FCAV’; ‘Carrizo’ citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata), ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (P. trifoliata × C. paradisi), and ‘Orlando’ tangelo (C. paradisi × Citrus tangerina cv. ‘Dancy’). The experimental grove was planted in 2001, using a 7 m × 4 m spacing, in a randomized block design, with five replications and two plants per plot. No supplementary irrigation was applied. Fruit yield, canopy volume, tree tolerance to drought and to citrus variegated chlorosis, and fruit quality were assessed for each rootstock. Trees grafted onto the ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate were smaller in size, but had largest yield efficiency when compared to those grafted onto other rootstocks. Lower alternate bearing index was observed on trees budded onto ‘Cravo FCAV’ ‘Rangpur’ lime. Both ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstocks and the ‘Sunki’ mandarin induced higher tree tolerance to drought. The ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate induced better fruit quality and higher tolerance to citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) to ‘Folha Murcha’ trees. A cluster multivariate analysis identified three groups of rootstocks with similar effects on ‘Folha Murcha’ tree performance. Among the 12 evaluated rootstocks, the ‘Flying Dragon’ trifoliate has a unique effect on plant growth, tolerance to drought and CVC, fruit yield and fruit quality of ‘Folha Murcha’ trees, and may be better suited for high-density plantings. 相似文献
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Robert A. Mccleery 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(4):483-493
Predator stimuli created by humans in the urban environment may alter animals’ anti-predator behaviors. I hypothesized that
habituation would cause anti-predator behaviors to decrease in urban settings in response to humans. Additionally, I hypothesized
that populations habituated to humans would show reduced responses to other predator stimuli. I observed three populations
of squirrels (urban, suburban and rural) responses to human approaches, red-tailed hawk vocalizations (Buteo jamaicensis) and coyote (Canis latrans) vocalizations. Mahalanobis distances of anti-predator behaviors in response to human approaches were consistent with the
urban–rural gradient. Flight initiation distances (X
2 = 26.33, df = 2, P < 0.001) and amount of time dedicated to anti-predator behavior (X
2 = 10.94, df = 2, P = 0.004) in response to human approaches were also consistent with the urban–rural gradient. Supporting the habituation hypothesis,
naive juvenile squirrels increased flight initiation distances (X
2 = 35.89, df = 1, P < 0.001) and time dedicated to anti-predator behaviors (X
2 = 9.46, df = 1, P = 0.002) relative to adult squirrels in the same urban environment. Time dedicated to anti-predator behaviors differed among
all three sites in response to both coyote (X
2 = 9.83, df = 2, P = 0.007) and hawk (X
2 = 6.50, df = 2, P = 0.035) vocalizations. Responses to both vocalizations on rural sites (coyote = 45%, hawk = 55%) greater than twice that
found on the urban sites (coyote = 11%, hawk = 20%). This is possibly the first case of a transfer of habituation demonstrated
under field conditions. 相似文献
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Production of inter-section hybrids between Primula filchnerae and P. sinensis through ovule culture
Inter-section hybrids were obtained in the reciprocal crosses between Primula filchnerae (2n = 2x = 24) of Sect. Pinnatae and P. sinensis ‘Fanfare’ (2n = 2x = 24) of Sect. Auganthus by rescuing ovules on half-strength (1/2) Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 50 g l−1 sucrose, 2.5 g l−1 gellan gum, 0.1 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 50 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). In ovule culture, germination occurred with radicle elongation but no plumule was observed. The radicle kept on the initial medium showed root proliferation with callus formation. When the calluses were transferred to (1/2)MS media containing 30 g l−1 sucrose and 3 g l−1 gellan gum, without plant growth regulators (PGRs) or with 1 mg l−1 zeatin and 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, plantlets were regenerated. The plants thus obtained were confirmed to be hybrids through flow cytometry (FCM) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. The hybrid obtained when P. filchnerae was used as the maternal parent was diploid, whereas hexaploid hybrid was obtained when using P. sinensis as the maternal parent. The hexaploid hybrid might be produced through chromosome doubling of a triploid originated from the fertilization of P. sinensis with unreduced pollen of P. filchnerae. 相似文献
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Effects of the commercial product TrichoFlow WP™ (Agrimm Technologies Ltd., New Zealand), based on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum, on quality characteristics and yield of bulb onion was investigated. Bulb sets of the local cultivar Kantartopu was planted in soil with in and between row distances of 0.15 m and 0.40 m, respectively. The product, at considerably high dosages of 5 g m−2, 10 g m−2 and 15 g m−2, was mixed with water and sprinkled once to the plots at planting. Analyses of data at harvest did not show statistical significance for Trichoderma effect on total bulb yield, bulb diameter, leaf length, number of shoot apex, %titratable acidity, number of internal (fleshy) leaves, number of external (papery) leaves, %soluble solids and %bulbs with diameters of 20–39 mm, 40–69 mm and ≥70 mm. The yields obtained from the plots treated with the dosages of 5 g m−2, 10 g m−2 and 15 g m−2 and the control plots were 1063.7 kg da−1, 1051.0 kg da−1, 1066.5 kg da−1 and 985.0 kg da−1, respectively. Our results showed that high dosages of the Trichoderma product were not effective in enhancing onion bulb and yield characteristics under the given conditions. 相似文献
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Somatic hybridization provides an alternative for transferring mitochondria-encoded cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Herein, symmetric protoplast electrofusion was conducted between embryogenic callus protoplasts of Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Guoqing No. 1 (G1), a CMS cultivar, and mesophyll-derived protoplasts of seedy ‘Page’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)] or ‘Nova’ tangelo [C. reticulata Blanco × (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.)], to transfer CMS trait. Flow cytometry analysis showed that 14 plants recovered from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo that displayed typical morphological character of ‘Page’ were diploid, and 6 plants regenerated from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were tetraploid. Genetic compositions of regenerated plants from the two fusions were determined by SSR, CAPS and chloroplast-SSR analysis. Cybrid nature of diploids from G1 + ‘Page’ tangelo with nuclear DNA from ‘Page’, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the G1 and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) derived from either parent was confirmed. Tetraploid plants from G1 + ‘Nova’ tangelo were identified as somatic hybrids with random cpDNA inheritance. The regenerated cybrid and hybrid plants hold great potential for Citrus seedless breeding at diploid or triploid levels. 相似文献
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Linaria maroccana Hook. f. Ann., ‘Lace Violet’, Lupinus hartwegii ssp. cruikshankii Lindl. ‘Sunrise’ and Papaver nudicaule L. ‘Meadow Pastels’ seeds were directly sown into 105 cell plug trays and received either ambient light or supplemental high intensity discharge (HID) lighting. For each species, a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial was used with two light intensities during propagation, three transplant stages, and three night temperatures. Seedlings were transplanted at the appearance of 2–3, 5–6, or 8–9 true leaves. Transplanted Linaria and Papaver seedlings were placed at 5/11, 10/16, or 15/21 ± 1 °C night/day temperatures and Lupinus seedlings were placed at 15/24, 18/25, or 20/26 ± 2 °C night/day temperatures. For this study, the optimum production temperature for Linaria was 10/16 °C as the cut stems produced at 15/21 °C were unmarketable and production time was excessively long at 5/11 °C. At 10/16 °C, Linaria seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage to maximize stem number, stem length and profitability. For Lupinus the optimum temperature was 15/24 °C due to long stems and high profitability per plant. Lupinus seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage when grown at 15/24 °C to obtain the longest and thickest stems; however, $/m2 week was higher for plants transplanted at the 8–9 leaf stage due to less time in finishing production space. For Papaver, the 15/21 °C temperature was optimal as that temperature produced the longest stems in the shortest duration, resulting in the highest $/m2 week. At 15/21 °C Papaver plants should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage. Supplemental HID lighting had no effect on any of the species. 相似文献