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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2010,(11)
为了研究在干奶期使用乳头保护膜对奶牛临床型和隐性乳房炎的预防效果,试验选择248头奶牛的992个乳区,将每头奶牛4个乳区分为左右两部分,左侧使用奶牛乳头保护膜(试验组),右侧不做任何处理(对照组),以奶牛离开产房第1次回奶厅挤奶为期限,用LMT法检测隐性乳房炎,在奶牛产后2个月内对乳房的外观症状、触诊情况、乳汁变化进行检测。结果表明:试验组乳区临床型乳房炎乳区阳性率为1.01%,对照组乳区阳性率为17.94%(P0.01);试验组乳区隐性乳房炎乳区阳性率为10.48%,对照组乳区阳性率为46.77%(P0.01)。说明在干奶期使用奶牛乳头保护膜对临床型和隐性乳房炎具有较好的预防效果。 相似文献
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研究旨在了解北疆某规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎患病率和发病牛乳汁中主要致病菌的种类。通过采用美国加州乳房炎检测（CMT）和体细胞数检测（SCC）对隐性型乳房炎进行诊断,临床外观法诊断临床型乳房炎并进行主要致病菌分离鉴定。结果显示：该奶牛场的临床型乳房炎头阳性率及乳区阳性率分别为1.65%(12/728)和0.41%(12/2 896);隐性乳房炎头阳性率及乳区阳性率分别为5.45%(39/716)和1.46%(42/2 884);瞎乳头率为0.55%(16/2 912)。该牛场不同胎次间的奶牛患隐性乳房炎的头阳性率差异显著。从12份临床型乳房炎乳汁样本中初步分离鉴定出2株金黄色葡萄球菌、5株大肠杆菌和5株链球菌属。研究表明,该奶牛场奶牛乳房炎患病率较低,金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和链球菌属可能是该牛场乳房炎主要致病菌。 相似文献
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采用SMT法对某奶牛场505头泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测的结果显示:该奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎头阳性率为42.38%(214/505),临床型乳房炎头阳性率为8.32%(42/505),乳区阳性率为22.02%(421/1912)。 相似文献
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目的 本研究旨在摸清兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床乳房炎流行规律,为该病的防控提供参考。方法 采用加州奶牛亚临床乳房炎试验（CMT）方法对3 家规模化奶牛场的547 头泌乳奶牛进行亚临床乳房炎检测,调查该病与奶牛胎次、泌乳期和乳区的关系。结果 奶牛阳性率为20.11%,乳区阳性率为10.88%;1~2、3~4和≥5胎次的奶牛发病率分别为13.37%、20.53%和29.46%;泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期发病率分别为15.11%、22.12%和30.89%;乳区阳性率介于8.59%~13.16%。结论 兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床型乳房炎的发病率相对较低,与胎次、泌乳期存在正相关,与乳区无明显关系。 相似文献
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采用SMT法对某奶牛场 5 0 5头泌乳牛进行乳房炎测的结检果显示 ,该奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为 42 .38% ( 2 14 /5 0 5 ) ,临床型乳房炎阳性率为 8.32 % ( 42 /5 0 5 ) ,乳区阳性率为 2 2 .0 2 %( 42 1/1912 ) 相似文献
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奶牛隐性乳房炎的防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乳房炎为奶牛最常见的疾病之一,也是对奶牛生产危害性最大的一种疾病。据统计,临床型乳房炎占奶牛总发病的21%～23%。因其造成奶量的下降。病乳废弃,严重者,乳区化脓、坏疽、萎缩,致使永久失去泌乳能力,其淘汰数占奶牛总淘汰率的9%～10%,在经济上造成一定损失。隐性乳房炎在奶牛群中更为普遍。据美国、日本报道,头胎阳性率高达50%;乳区阳性率为20%～30%。近年来。我国各地分别进行了普查,结果是:兰州乳区阳性率为27%(冬季)、浙江为36%～55%、上海为35.8%～51.2%;北京头胎阳性率为62.7%。乳区阳性率为31%。由于患牛乳房和乳汁无明显的可见肉… 相似文献
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McDougall S 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1999,47(4):143-149
AIM: To determine the prevalence of clinical mastitis in spring-calving dairy herds in the Waikato Region of New Zealand and to identify factors associated with variation in the prevalence of clinical mastitis between herds. METHOD: A total of 799 quarters from 595 dairy cows from 38 dairy herds were diagnosed by herd owners as having clinical mastitis between 8 July and 21 August 1997. Quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis were sampled for bacterial culture and somatic cell count, and the presence of clots in the milk and the presence of udder oedema were assessed by a technician or veterinarian. RESULTS: Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in an average (+/-s.e.m.) of 9.9% (+/-0.8%, range 0.9-21.4%) of calved cows within the herds. Bacteria were not cultured from an average of 12.4 % (+/- 2.0%, range 0.0-45.5%) of cows and 22.3% (+/- 2.4%, range 0.0-54.0%) of quarters diagnosed as having clinical mastitis. There were significant differences between herds in the proportion of cows diagnosed with mastitis and in the proportion of clinical mastitis cases from which bacteria were not cultured. A decreased prevalence of clinical mastitis (p<0.001) was associated with an increased percentage of the herd treated with dry cow antibiotics. An increased prevalence of clinical mastitis (p<0.0001) was associated with both an increased percentage of cows treated in the previous season with lactating cow antibiotics and an increased percentage of heifers in the herd. Herds that were fed supplements before or during lactation had a higher prevalence of clinical mastitis than herds that were not fed supplements (p<0.001). An increased proportion of quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis that did not culture bacteria was associated with an increased prevalence of clinical mastitis (p<0.001). The proportion of quarters that the technician or veterinarian found with evidence of clinical mastitis (i.e. a somatic cell count >500,000 cells/ml and the presence of either clots or udder oedema) within a herd was inversely related to the proportion of quarters within a herd from which no bacteria were isolated. CONCLUSION: There was a large variation in the prevalence of clinical mastitis and in the proportion of clinical quarters from which no bacteria were grown between herds. Management factors such as the use of dry cow therapy, feeding regimes and heifer replacement rates all affected the prevalence of clinical mastitis. Herd owners appear to differ in the sensitivity and specificity of their diagnosis of clinical mastitis, with bacteria not isolated from up to 50% of quarters diagnosed with clinical mastitis in some herds. Improvements in the specificity of herd owner diagnosis of clinical mastitis may reduce the use of antibiotics for mastitis during lactation and hence may reduce the risk of antibiotic contamination of milk supplied for human consumption. 相似文献
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在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。 相似文献
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This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial and small-scale farms in Zimbabwe. Thirty five quarter milk samples from clinical mastitis cases and 371 quarter milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis were cultured for bacterial pathogens. The most frequent pathogens isolated in clinical mastitis were the enteric bacteria (31.4%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococci (22.9%) and then Staphylococcus aureus (17.1%), whereas in subclinical mastitis S. aureus (34.2%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci were (33.2%) the most common. Bacillus species were only isolated in milk samples from subclinical mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were observed in mixed infections with other bacteria in only 2.2 of the 406 milk samples from clinical and subclinical mastitis where they were isolated together with Bacillus species in 6 of the 9 mixed infection cases. About 95% of the milk samples from which 131 coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated had correspondingly high somatic cell counts. The coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated most frequently were S. chromogenes (7.9%), S. epidermidis (7.4%) and S. hominis (5.9%). They were all associated with high somatic cell counts. All the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were susceptible to cloxacillin and erythromycin, and more than 90% of the isolates were susceptible to neomycin, penicillin and streptomycin. The highest resistance was to tetracycline (17.6%), followed by lincomycin (13.7%). About 8% of the isolates were resistant to both penicillin and streptomycin. 相似文献
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Smith GW Constable PD Morin DE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(4):394-400
Medical records of 142 dairy cows with clinical mastitis were examined to determine whether hematologic or serum biochemical results could be used to distinguish between mastitis episodes caused by gram-negative bacteria (n = 78) from those caused by gram-positive bacteria (n = 64). Signalment, historic information, hematologic and serum biochemical results, milk culture results, and outcome (discharged from hospital or died) were obtained from the medical records. Cows with gram-negative mastitis had significantly (P < .01) lower blood leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts and had higher blood hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits than did cows with gram-positive mastitis. Serum urea nitrogen was the only serum biochemical result associated with pathogen type, and it was higher in cows with gram-negative mastitis than in those with gram-positive mastitis. Mortality rate (25% overall) did not differ between groups. Logistic regression indicated that routine hematologic analysis (segmented neutrophil count, monocyte count, and hemoglobin concentration) was an accurate predictor of gram-negative mastitis, with a sensitivity of .93, a specificity of .89, and an overall accuracy of 91%. The values for sensitivity and specificity were higher than those previously reported for clinical tests differentiating mastitis episodes caused by gram-negative bacteria from those caused by gram-positive bacteria. Our results indicate that routine hematologic analysis is useful for predicting pathogen type in dairy cows with clinical mastitis, thereby facilitating treatment decisions. 相似文献
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本试验通过对不同地区3个奶牛场临床型乳房炎细菌病原的分离鉴定,分析其种类和感染情况,并结合牧场环境状况和管理方式,提出控制乳房炎的建议.从中国福建、新疆、重庆3个不同规模化奶牛场采集61份临床型乳房炎乳样,采用传统微生物鉴定方法与PCR技术进行细菌分离鉴定.结果表明,61份临床型乳房炎乳样中单一感染44份(72.13%),混合感染15份(24.59%);共分离到细菌80株,经传统微生物鉴定方法与PCR技术鉴定主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其中传染性微生物13株(16.25%)、环境性微生物46株(57.50%)、机会性微生物11株(13.75%)、其他微生物10株(12.50%);3个奶牛场临床型乳房炎仍以单一感染为主,混合感染占有一定的比例,传染性致病菌和环境性致病菌为主要致病菌.在实际生产中,规模化牧场可以通过对乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定来摸清牧场奶牛乳房炎的感染情况和致病菌种类,结合生产实际有助于了解牛群管理情况,发现问题并加以改善,更好的控制乳房炎的发生. 相似文献
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Clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ontario: frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5 
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下载免费PDF全文 J M Sargeant H M Scott K E Leslie M J Ireland A Bashiri 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1998,39(1):33-38
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds in Ontario. The study group consisted of 65 dairy farms involved in a 2-year observational study, which included recording all clinical mastitis cases and milk sampling of quarters with clinical mastitis. Lactational incidence risks of 9.8% for abnormal milk only, 8.2% for abnormal milk with a hard or swollen udder, and 4.4% for abnormal milk plus systemic signs of illness related to mastitis were calculated for 2840 cows and heifers. Overall, 19.8% of cows experienced one or more cases of clinical mastitis during location. Teat injuries occurred in 2.1% of lactations. Standard bacteriology was performed on pretreatment milk samples from 834 cows with clinical mastitis. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (0.7%), other Streptococcus spp. (14.1%), coliforms (17.2%), gram-positive bacilli (5.5%), Corynebacterium bovis (1.7%), and other Staphylococcus spp. (28.7%). There was no growth in 17.7% of samples, and 8.3% of samples were contaminated. Clinical mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows in Ontario; approximately 1 in 5 cow lactations have at lease one episode of clinical mastitis. There is, however, considerable variation in the incidence of clinical mastitis among farms. The majority of 1st cases of clinical mastitis occur early in lactation, and the risk of clinical mastitis increases with increasing parity. Environmental, contagious, and minor pathogens were all associated with cases of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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In order to control mastitis,clinical mastitis pathogenic bacterial species of three dairy farms in different areas were isolated and identified.The types and infection condition of pathogenic bacteria,environmental conditions and management methods of the farms were analyzed.61 clinical mastitis milk samples from three different large-scale dairy farms in Fujian,Xinjiang,and Chongqing were collected for bacterial isolation and identification using traditional microbial identification methods and PCR technology.Among clinical mastitis milk samples collected in this trial,single infection sample was 44 (72.13%)and mixed infections sample was 15 (24.59%).80 bacteria were isolated,mainly E.coli,Staphylococcus and Streptococcus,including 13 strains of infectious microorganisms (16.25%),46 strains of environmental microorganisms (57.50%),11 strains of chance of microorganisms (13.75%),10 strains of other microorganisms (12.50%).Clinical mastitis in three dairy farms were still given priority to single infection,and mixed infection occupies certain proportion,with infectious pathogens and environmental pathogens as the main pathogenic.In the actual production the dairy cow mastitis infection and pathogen species could be carried out through the isolation and identification of mastitis pathogens in large-scale dairy farms.It was helpful to identify the herd management problems and make improvements to better control the occurrence of mastitis combining with the actual production conditions. 相似文献
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Waage, S., P. Jonsson and A. Franklin: Evaluation of a cow-side test for detection of Gram-negative bacteria in milk from cows with mastitis. Acta vet. scand. 1994, 207-211.– A modified Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) cow-side test was evaluated under field conditions. The principle of the test is to visualize reactions between test components and endotoxin from the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. The practical purpose is to detect such bacteria in mastitic milk. Secretions from 789 udder quarters with clinical mastitis were examined by the LAL-test. Parallel quarter milk samples were sent to a mastitis laboratory for microbiological examination. Eleven veterinary surgeons in three veterinary districts in Norway performed the field investigations. Results of the LAL-test and culture agreed in 93% of all milk samples tested, agreement measured by kappa being 0.63. The sensitivity of the test in detecting Gram-negative bacteria was 63%, while the specificity was 97%. The predictive value of a positive test result was 70%, the figure being somewhat higher (75%) when the material was limited to milk samples without antibiotic residues. The predictive value of a negative test result was 95%. The LAL-test is considered to constitute a valuable cow-side test for the veterinary practitioner, aiding the selection of antibacterial drug of choice for the initial treatment of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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Prevalence and major bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in Asella,South Eastern Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Asella town from November 2007 to April 2008 on dairy cows to determine
the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors and isolate the dominant mastitis causing bacteria on total of 223 lactating
cows, of which 92 were indigenous Arsi, and 131 Holstein Zebu cross by using clinical examination and California mastitis
test (CMT). Of these 144 (65.6 %) were positive by clinical examination and CMT for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, with
prevalence of 26.5 % and 38 %, respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis between
cows kept under different hygiene of milking process. Similarly a significant difference on the prevalence of mastitis between
the two breeds (P < 0.05) was also observed. From 144 CMT and clinically positive milk samples analyzed microbiologically,
133 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and while 11 were negative. The dominant bacterial isolates in the
study animals were Staphylococcus species (41.4 %), Streptococcus species (24.8 %), and other Gram positive rods and Gram negative enteric bacteria (33.8 %). Good hygiene in milking process,
milking clinically infected cows at last, culling chronic mastitis carriers, treating clinically infected cows and dry period
therapy could reduce the prevalence of contagious mastitis in the study area. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的病原菌分离鉴定与药敏试验 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
对山东济南市 5个奶牛场的 1 65份临床型和 1 4 7份隐性型乳房炎奶样进行了病原菌分离鉴定。临床型未用利福平复合新药奶样 48份 ,细菌检出率为 83 33 % ;用该药 2d内采集的奶样 1 1 7份 ,细菌检出率 60 68%。隐性乳房炎奶样细菌检出率 72 2 9%。用新研制的利福平复合新药对未用该药奶样分离菌 35株和用该药后有代表性的分离菌 40株 ,共 75株临床型分离菌进行药敏试验 ,结果 84%为高度敏感 (63/ 75) ,1 6 %为中度敏感 (1 2 / 75)。鉴定的细菌有葡萄球菌 ,链球菌 ,大肠杆菌 ,棒状杆菌 ,芽孢杆菌等。根据用药后患病奶牛的临床表现和奶样细菌分离情况 ,表明该药对奶牛乳房炎具有显著的治疗效果 相似文献