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布鲁氏菌病是由布鲁氏菌引起的一种重要的人畜共患传染病,不仅给畜牧业造成严重的经济损失,并威胁人类健康。弱毒疫苗免疫是防控布病的重要手段,但弱毒疫苗的使用往往对布病的诊断和监测造成干扰。各国学者利用细菌学、免疫学、分子生物学等技术手段,建立了病原分离鉴定、补体结合试验、利凡诺尔试验、酶联免疫吸附试验、荧光偏振实验、限制性片段长度多态性、PCR、real-time PCR等多种布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗鉴别检测方法。研究表明,ELISA和FPT以其高通量以及操作方便的优势,在布鲁氏菌弱毒疫苗与野生菌株感染的血清学鉴别诊断方面前景良好;分子生物学特别是PCR、real-time PCR方法目前仍广泛用于布鲁氏菌纯培养物的鉴定。 相似文献
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广东新兴株Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎鸡胚化弱毒疫苗的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验从广东新兴地区分离的I型鸭病毒性肝炎毒株中筛选出免疫原性优良SS毒株,用鸡胚传代培育出Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒79代鸡胚化弱毒疫苗株SS79.按弱毒疫苗规程相关试验结果表明,该苗对1日龄雏鸭安全无致病性,免疫剂量为10-5.16个EID50/只.接种1日龄雏鸭后第3天可检测到抗体,7 d可产生高峰期中和抗体,并可完全保护雏鸭抵抗同型强毒的攻击,1次免疫抗体可维持4周以上.疫苗在-20℃保存6~12个月仍能保持良好的免疫原性. 相似文献
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为探究奶牛免疫布鲁氏菌A19疫苗（以下简称A19疫苗）后的抗体变化规律及向外排菌的风险,使用A19疫苗免疫30头3月龄奶牛,在首免和加强免疫后3个月内,通过虎红平板凝集试验（RBT）和试管凝集试验（SAT）进行抗体检测,采用荧光定量PCR方法,进行血液以及口鼻、阴道拭子的布鲁氏菌核酸检测。结果显示：首免后6 d,奶牛抗体开始出现阳转,60 d后绝大部分奶牛抗体转阴,而加强免疫后3 d,又出现抗体阳转;仅在首免后2 d内的阴道拭子和首免后6 d内的血液中检测到布鲁氏菌核酸,而在口鼻拭子中以及其他时间点的血液和阴道拭子中均未检测到布鲁氏菌核酸。结果表明,A19疫苗免疫奶牛抗体阳转快,排菌期短,安全性高。 相似文献
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目的：为诊断巴仑台镇古仁郭勒村牦牛群母牦牛流产、产弱胎的病原。方法：应用常规细菌分离方法和试管凝集试验进行分离、检测从巴仑台镇古仁郭勒村所采集的62头疑似牦牛样品（流产史的牦牛血样等）。结果：细菌分离结果为牛布鲁氏杆菌为主,也有些金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、巴氏菌等混合感染;试管凝集试验结果为牛布鲁氏杆菌抗体阳性,其母牛阳性率为85％100％,其犊牛阳性率为15％-30％;可说明该地区牦牛严重感染牛布鲁氏杆菌病,是造成母牦牛流产的主要原因之一。提示当地及时淘汰病畜、诊治布病、加强防范。 相似文献
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对2012年5月—2014年5月浙江金华地区9个县市大、中和小规模猪场蓝耳病疫苗的使用和效果进行分析。结果显示:小规模猪场经典弱毒苗、灭活苗和高致病性蓝耳病弱毒苗均有使用,而中、大型规模猪场以高致病性弱毒疫苗为主;从免疫效果看,大型猪场抗体平均合格率(87%~95%)要高于同期小型(69%~90%)和中型猪场(68%~88%)。对免疫后猪只检测抗体水平,灭活疫苗抗体平均合格率为51%~54%,弱毒疫苗免疫抗体合格率为86%~98%;弱毒疫苗中高致病性毒株疫苗免疫的抗体合格率也明显高于经典毒株疫苗的水平。从不同日龄使用蓝耳疫苗的情况看,20~60日龄小猪的抗体合格率为75%,相较中猪(84%)和大猪(87%)明显偏低。在疫苗毒株的选择上,现阶段针对不同日龄的猪只主要采用高致病性弱毒株,其中以JXA1-R毒株的使用最为广泛(90%),其次是经典毒株的普通弱毒蓝耳疫苗,分别是CH-1R和VR-2332毒株。 相似文献
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为评估REV-1、A19、M5布鲁氏菌弱毒冻干活疫苗的牛羊免疫安全性和效果,选取农区和牧区两个调查点的10组牛羊,分别以皮下注射、结膜囊点眼方式接种,并分别于接种后30、90、180、240 d采集血清样品,用国标方法进行抗体检测,比较阳转率变化,同时在接种疫苗后48 h内,观察和记录免疫牛羊的健康状况。结果显示:接种48 h内,接种牛羊未见不良反应;接种30 d后,各组牛羊均产生较高的抗体;不同饲养方式下,阳转率变化趋势基本一致,30 d最高,240 d时大多降至0;皮下接种的转阳率普遍高于点眼接种。结果表明,3种疫苗均安全有效,无论是牧区还是农区,牛羊免疫30d后都能产生较好的免疫保护效果,且皮下注射方式效果优于点眼。本研究掌握了3种疫苗在不同饲养方式、不同畜种、不同接种方式下的安全性和有效性,为不同地区布鲁氏菌病疫苗的选择提供了参考,为布鲁氏菌病免疫工作的顺利推广奠定了基础。 相似文献
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１蛋鸡的免疫方案１日龄马立克氏病弱毒疫苗（出壳后２小时内完成接种）。３日龄新支联苗（克隆３０＋ＩＢＨ１２０）滴眼、滴鼻。７日龄传染性法氏囊炎弱毒疫苗点眼、滴鼻。１４日龄新支联苗（ＬａＳｏｔａ＋ＩＢＨ１２０）点眼、滴鼻。１８日龄传染性法氏囊弱毒疫苗点眼... 相似文献
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Erdenebaatar J Sugar S Yondondorj A Nagabayashi T Syuto B Watarai M Makino S Shirahata T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(9):839-841
To investigate Brucella infection in cattle, sheep, goat, reindeer and yak in Mongolia, serological reactions of Brucella-infected and -vaccinated domestic animals were compared by the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test with a polysaccharide (poly-B) of the B. Abortus strain S-19. The sensitivity and specificity were compared with conventional serological tests that are commonly used in Mongolia, such as the rose Bengal test, the tube agglutination test and the compliment fixation test. A total of 73.3, 100, 100, 95.8 and 61.9% of the sera from suspected cattle, yak, goat, sheep and reindeer, respectively, that were positive in the compliment fixation test, were also positive in the AGID test. Sera from vaccinated cattle, sheep and goat were positive over 90% by conventional tests 3 months after vaccination, but were negative by the AGID. These results suggest that the AGID test may be useful to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals in the field. 相似文献
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A study of cattle infected with Brucella abortus and which showed aberrant serological reactions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
SUMMARY Sixty cows, 48 of which had been vaccinated with live Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) or with killed B. abortus strain 45/20 (S45/20) and 12 of which were unvaccinated animals, were challenged with B. abortus strain 544. Ten of the 27 cattle found to be infected after challenge showed aberrant serological reactions to the Rose Bengal Plate test, serum agglutination test and/or complement fixation test. These 10 cattle were all previously vaccinated with S19 or S45/20. It was concluded that infection in cattle vaccinated with S19 or S45/20 may be more difficult to detect than infection in animals that have no history of vaccination. 相似文献
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Stournara A Minas A Bourtzi-Chatzopoulou E Stack J Koptopoulos G Petridou E Sarris K 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,119(1):53-64
The serological response of young and adult sheep vaccinated conjunctivally with Rev-1 vaccine was assessed by fluorescence polarization assay (FPA), Rose Bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT), modified Rose Bengal test (m-RBT), indirect ELISA (i-ELISA) and competitive ELISA (c-ELISA), at different post vaccination intervals. One hundred and thirty six adult sheep and 64 lambs were used in the study. The vaccinated animals were bled prior to vaccination (0 day) and thereafter at 21st, 42nd, 35th, 63rd, 91st, 125th, 159th, and 223rd and 330th day post vaccination. The majority of animals (young and adult) showed positive reaction by FPA, RBT, CFT, m-RBT and c-ELISA 21 days post vaccination, whereas by i-ELISA at 42 days. All tests perform equal when animals vaccinated as young are tested 125 days (4 months) post vaccination. In case of animals vaccinated at adulthood, FPA, RBT, CFT and c-ELISA perform equal if the animals are tested 223 days (approximately 8 months) post vaccination. I-ELISA and m-RBT show low specificity if ewes vaccinated at adulthood are tested 330 days (11 months) post vaccination. If control of brucellosis in sheep is based on conjunctivally vaccination of lambs with Rev-1, the vaccinated animals can be tested by any test used for diagnosis of B.melitensis infection accurately at least 4 months post vaccination. If brucellosis control is based on mass vaccination the use of m-RBT and i-ELISA is not recommended for testing adult animals at least for 330 days (11 months) post vaccination due to tests low specificity. Further research is needed so the appropriate cut-offs to be established for FPA, c-ELISA or i-ELISA to become valuable tools for the eradication of Brucella spp. infection in small ruminants in areas where vaccination is practiced. 相似文献
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Twenty mammary lymph node samples were collected from cattle on a farm in the Republic of Korea. These cattle were serologically negative for Brucella by tube agglutination test (≤ 1:50) and serum agglutination test (≤ 1:50). Out of 20 lymph node samples, two samples were positive for Brucella growth on Brucella agar as well as blood agar. Tests for urease, hydrogen sulphide and reactions against monospecific sera A and M indicated that these two isolates (No. 15 and 16) belong to the genus Brucella. Genus specific, AMOS (abortus, melitensis, ovis, suis) and Bruce-ladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays confirmed the Brucella isolates as either a B. abortus or a B. canis strain. This is the first report of the occurrence of a B. canis infection in cattle in Korea. More survey data are needed to determine whether B. canis is a significant aetiology in the cases of cattle brucellosis in Korea. 相似文献
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Naturally acquired Brucella abortus infections were studied during consecutive pregnancies in eight sheep and in their lambs over a period of 40 months to evaluate epizootiologic aspects of natural infection in sheep. Brucella abortus was isolated from the ewes following 16 of 26 natural terminations of pregnancy: from 5 of 6 ewes in the first year, from six of eight ewes in the second year, from two of six ewes in the third year, and from three of six ewes in the fourth year. Vaginal swab samples and milk samples were the most consistent source of the brucella organisms. Brucella abortus was isolated from three ewes when standard tube test seroagglutination titers were less than 1:100. In contrast, results of supplemental tests (card, 2-mercaptoethanol, complement-fixation, and Rivanol) remained positive during the study. During the 40 months, B abortus was isolated from 4 of 4 aborted fetuses, 2 of 5 stillborn lambs, 10 of 37 living lambs, and as an indicator of continuing infection, from 6 of 12 lambs born during the fourth year. Although B abortus has a definite host preference for cattle, this study demonstrated that under appropriate management conditions, sheep may be naturally infected and may remain infected for more than 40 months. Epizootiologic evaluation of all factors, including husbandry practices and exposure potential, should be utilized in determining the need to test other species that may have been exposed to cattle infected with B abortus. 相似文献
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Evaluation of a new immunocapture test for the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Durán-Ferrer M Mendoza J Osuna A Caporale V Lucas A León L Garrido F 《The Veterinary record》2002,151(21):629-635
A new immunocapture technique has been applied to the diagnosis of ovine brucellosis under experimental conditions. The tests were made on a serum bank derived from both young and adult ewes vaccinated conjunctivally with the Rev 1 strain at a dose of 10(8) to 10(9) colony-forming units. Adult ewes were infected experimentally two-and-a-half years after they had been vaccinated and the results were compared with an unvaccinated control group. The condition of each animal in terms of infection with Brucella melitensis was determined by clinical and bacteriological investigations. The development of the immune response was compared by the rose bengal test, the complement fixation test, the Coombs' test and the immunocapture technique for 180 days after the vaccination and for 410 days after the experimental infection, that is, the two following gestations. The results suggest that the new technique is more specific in animals vaccinated conjunctivally, regardless of their age when they were vaccinated. After the experimental infection, significantly (P < 0.05) fewer of the vaccinated sheep which were free of clinical signs and were not excreting B melitensis reacted positively to the test. 相似文献
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We sought to determine whether infection of recently weaned 12-16-week-old Merino lambs with an Australian S strain M. a. paratuberculosis, at doses consistent with natural exposure, could be detected in the first few months post-inoculation. Such detection would facilitate the use of weaner sheep as sentinel animals for the presence of infectious doses of M. a. paratuberculosis on pastures. In controlled pen trials, oral doses of approximately 10(7)-10(8) viable organisms were demonstrated to be infective, whereas doses below 10(4) organisms failed to produce detectable infection. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis) was isolated from intestinal and/or lymphoid tissues collected at necropsy 7 or 14 weeks after first infection, but there were no associated gross or microscopic lesions. Skin testing with intradermal Johnin detected all three infected lambs at 13 weeks post-infection, and one of the three infected lambs at 6 weeks post-infection, with 100% specificity. Results for whole blood IFN-gamma assay showed some correlation with infection status but lacked specificity. One infected lamb gave a positive result in an ELISA for antibodies to M. a. paratuberculosis, 14 weeks post-infection and 1 week after skin testing. This was the first demonstration of experimental infection with S strain M. a. paratuberculosis in Australian Merino sheep at doses likely to be representative of natural infection. Culture from tissues in the first few months post-exposure could facilitate the use of naive weaner sheep as tracer animals to detect heavy contamination of pastures with M. a. paratuberculosis, but low-level contamination may not be detected in such a system. 相似文献
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A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the detection of bovine antibodies to Brucella abortus using monoclonal antibodies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of circulating bovine antibodies to Brucella abortus has been developed using horseradish peroxidase conjugated monoclonal antibodies (MAb) raised against B. abortus cell surface antigens. Antibodies present in the serum of either vaccinated or infected cattle can apparently displace the conjugated MAb from the lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) in a quantitatively different manner allowing an assessment of immune status of the animal. The results from a panel of sera from animals with a known status of vaccination or infection indicated that the test was more selective in the detection and discrimination of infected from uninfected or immunized animals, than conventional complement fixation, agglutination or indirect enzyme immunoassay procedures. 相似文献
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Response of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 in West Timor
A trial was conducted in two villages (one containing cattle infected with brucellosis and one not containing infected cattle) in Timor, Indonesia to determine the serological response to vaccination with Brucella abortus strain 19 in Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) (n = 599). Mature female cattle were immunised with low-dose strain 19 (2x10(8)-6x10(8) colony forming units) and calves (6-12 months) with high-dose strain 19 (4x10(10)-12x10(10) colony forming units). Other mature females and calves were inoculated with sterile vaccine diluent and formed a non-vaccinated in-contact control group. The seroprevalence and mean titres were highest in the vaccinated cattle 3 months after vaccination. These then receded, however, 1% of vaccinated calves and 1.9% of vaccinated cows from the village without infected cattle were still seropositive on the complement-fixation test (CFT) 24 months after vaccination. Non-vaccinated seropositive animals were more likely to have aborted or had a stillbirth and were less likely to have produced a calf than were seronegative cows from the village containing infected animals. We concluded that strain 19 vaccine induced protection in Bali cattle and that this vaccine might play an important role in the control of bovine brucellosis in Timor. 相似文献
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MW PATON SS SUTHERLAND† IR ROSE RA HART† AR MERCY† TM ELLIS† 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(7):266-269
SUMMARY The decrease in the prevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis after two generations of vaccination against the disease it causes, was used to estimate the rate of control of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA). Three groups of 150 sheep, of which 50 in each group were artificially infected with C pseudotuberculosis and 100 in each group were uninfected sheep, were run separately for 40 months and shorn 5 times to promote the spread of CLA. One lot of 50 infected sheep and 2 lots of 100 uninfected sheep were vaccinated against CLA. The rate of spread of CLA was recorded. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and naturally exposed to infection had a 74% lower infection rate than unvaccinated sheep. Sheep vaccinated against CLA and exposed to only vaccinated infected sheep had a 97% lower infection rate. Unvaccinated sheep had a 76% infection rate, with 77% of the transmission occurring at the 4th and 5th shearings, without any discharging CLA abscesses being observed. This study supports the view that in Australian wool producing flocks, CLA spreads mainly from sheep with discharging lung abscesses to sheep with shearing cuts. Vaccinated sheep infected with CLA have 96% fewer lung abscesses compared with unvaccinated infected sheep and are therefore less likely to spread this disease to other sheep . 相似文献