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1.
This study describes the results of ultrasonographic examination of the rumen in 30 healthy Saanen goats. A linear or convex transducer with a variable frequency of 5 to 13 MHz was used to scan standing, non-sedated goats. The location and size of the rumen, the distance between the wall of the rumen and abdominal wall and the appearance and size of the gas, fibre mat and fluid layers of the ruminal contents were assessed. The rumen was seen as a large organ medial to the left abdominal wall. The wall of the rumen appeared as a thick echogenic line. The longitudinal groove was seen as an echogenic notch, which divided the rumen into the dorsal and ventral sacs. The rumen could be visualized from the 9th to 12th intercostal space (ICS) and flank on the left side in all the goats. The rumen was largest in the 12th ICS at 41.6 ± 5.13 cm and smallest in the 8th ICS at 11.3 ± 4.29 cm. The dorsal sac of the rumen was largest in the left cranial flank (17.4 ± 4.43 cm) and the ventral sac was largest in the 12th ICS on the left (29.1 ± 6.03 cm). In the cranial left flank, the rumen was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall in all the goats. The spleen was located between the rumen and abdominal wall in the 8th to 12 th ICS in many of the goats. The gas, fibre mat and fluid layers of the ruminal contents could be visualized in all the goats. The gas layer was 9.9 ± 3.05 cm, the fibre mat layer 16.0 ± 4.55 cm and the fluid layer 12.2 ± 5.57 cm. 相似文献
2.
Abomasal fistulas in dairy cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abomasal fistulas were corrected surgically in 9 adult Holstein cows. Six cows had a history of right paramedian abomasopexy (RPA), and 2 cows had had a percutaneous abomasopexy using the blind-stitch technique (BSA). Fistulas developed from 2 weeks to 12 months after the RPA or BSA. In 1 cow, history was not available beyond 2 years, and no surgery had been performed in that time. All fistulas were in the right paramedian area and were draining blood and/or ingesta from necrotic abomasal tissue (8 cows) or ruminal tissue (1 cow). Surgery was performed immediately in cows with consistent hemorrhage from the fistulated tissue (4 cows). Surgery was delayed to reduce rumen contents if bleeding was absent or considered negligible (4 cows) or to stabilize the patient (1 cow). General anesthesia was used in 7 cows, local anesthesia in 2 cows. Outcome following the fistula resection was successful in the 7 cows discharged from the clinic. The occurrence of abomasal fistulation is probably related to nonabsorbable sutures penetrating the abomasal lumen during the abomasopexy procedure resulting in infection of the incision or body wall. 相似文献
3.
Marco A.F. Lopes Nathaniel A. White II Leonardo R. de Lima Paulo R.S. Costa 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2010
Studies in horses with experimental gastrointestinal fistulas may lead to rapid advancements in equine nutrition, as well as prevention and treatment of diseases such as colic and laminitis. The aim of this study was to devise a technique and a cannula to create a large fistula in the right dorsal colon (RDC). A total of 13 horses with normal gastrointestinal tract were used. After the administration of sedatives and local anesthetics, a segment of the right 16th rib was removed, a circular defect was created in the muscular wall, and the RDC was sutured to the muscular wall. The subcutaneous tissue and skin were closed over the attached RDC in eight horses (closed technique), or removed to expose the serosa of the colon sutured to the abdominal wall in five horses (open technique). A full thickness circular incision was made 2 to 6 weeks later to create a fistula. A cannula (diameter, 5 cm) made of natural rubber or silicon was inserted in the fistula. The open surgical technique was easier to perform and resulted in fewer complications. The cannula made of silicon resulted in less pruritus. One horse had a large colon torsion around the colopexy before fistula creation. One of the 12 fistulated horses had a large colon displacement 43 days after cannula insertion. These observations suggest that pexis of the RDC may predispose the horse to large colon displacement or volvulus. The open technique for the colopexy and the cannula made of silicon can be used for creation of a RDC fistula. 相似文献
4.
本试验旨在研究添加酵母菌对饲喂不同精粗比日粮肉牛血浆代谢组的影响,选取10头(450±50)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔×本地牛阉牛,随机分为对照组和酵母添加组,两组饲喂相同基础日粮,酵母添加组每天晨饲前通过瘘管投喂活性酵母菌,投喂量为0.8g/d;采用交叉试验设计,试验共分为2期,每期包含4个阶段,从第1阶段到第4阶段日粮精粗比为30∶70、50∶50、70∶30和90∶10,每个阶段持续17d,即16d预饲期,第17天晨饲前采集颈静脉血,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对血浆样品代谢组分进行测定,应用主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小方差判别分析(PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型对不同精粗比日粮的生物标志物和酵母添加组的生物标志物进行筛选。试验显示,不同日粮精粗比组的生物标志物为胞嘧啶、二氢胸腺嘧啶、软脂酰胺、硬脂酰胺、油脂酰胺和磷酸泛酸;精粗比为30∶70时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有鞘氨醇、神经鞘氨醇和卵磷脂(18∶0);日粮精粗比为50∶50时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有芥酰胺、甘油一酯和卵磷脂(16∶0);日粮精粗比为70∶30时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有甘油一酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、卵磷脂(17∶0、18∶0);日粮精粗比为90∶10时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有芥酰胺、胆酸、卵磷脂(18∶2、20∶2)。随日粮精粗比提高,机体的脂肪代谢途径得到改善;但是动物瘤胃壁和肠道内壁的完整性遭到破坏;添加酵母改善了动物脂肪和磷脂代谢的同时可维护消化道内壁细胞的完整性。 相似文献
5.
Two different techniques were tested in nine calves to describe endoscopically the visible structures of the rumen and the reticulum. Ruminoscopy using an orally introduced flexible endoscope proved to be unsatisfactory, but when the endoscope was introduced through a ruminal fistula in the left flank into the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs, the blind sacs, ruminal pillars, the atrium of the rumen, the reticulum and the reticular groove could all be displayed effectively. Indentations of the ruminal wall caused by the left kidney, the spleen and the abomasum could be seen with the endoscope as could reticulo-ruminal contractions. The technique allowed visual evaluation of the mucosal surfaces and movement of the rumen, reticulum and reticular groove. The advantages and disadvantages of ruminoscopy in bovine medicine are discussed. 相似文献
6.
M H?ltershinken V Vlizlo M Mertens H Scholz 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,99(5):228-230
Concentrations of rumen fluid characteristics were compared between rumen fluid which was taken by standardized conditions via stomach tube and via rumen fistula respectively depending on time after feeding (2.5 or 9 hours ppr.). The results were as follows: Differences (%) of the characteristics of rumen fluid taken via stomach tube to that by rumen fistula: [table: see text] Other investigations showed that the admixture of saliva to rumen fluid resulted in a degradation of the concentrations especially of VFA. The pH was not appreciable changed. The consequences for veterinary practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
7.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,对于同一种精料补充料 ,以传统的饲喂方式为对照 ,采用精料熟化的饲喂方法进行试验。对瘤胃内 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3 N)、三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白 (TCA P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率。试验结果表明 ,精料熟化对玉米青贮食量及TCA P浓度有极显著影响 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;对瘤胃内 pH值、NH3 N浓度、TVFA浓度影响不显著 (P >0 .0 5)。试验结果还指出 ,精料熟化对瘤胃内乙酸 /丙酸值有显著影响 ,从而影响瘤胃的发酵类型 相似文献
8.
Mohamed T Oikawa S 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(9):512-517
Six cows and five buffaloes with abdominal and thoracic abscesses were examined clinically and ultrasonographically. There was a wide range of clinical signs and at least 50% of the animals exhibited dull demeanour, anorexia, abdominal pain, recurrent tympany and/or weight loss. Three cases of abdominal abscesses were imaged in the left ventral abdomen between the rumen and abdominal wall, two cases were imaged at the xiphoid cartilage near the reticular wall and one case was imaged on the right ventral abdomen between the jejunum and right abdominal wall. Four cases of thoracic abscesses were imaged in the third intercostal space on the left side; however, one case of abscess was imaged in the fourth intercostal space, also on the left side. The content of the abscess was echogenic in eight animals and anechoic in three. In three animals, the content of the abscess was partitioned by echogenic septae. In two cows, the echogenic content of the abscess was surrounded by a narrow rim of anechoic fluid. The diameters of the abscesses were 5-10 cm in three cows, 11-15 cm in seven cows and >15 cm in one cow. In every case, the diagnosis was confirmed by centesis and aspiration of the abscess, which yielded purulent material. There were biochemical data of hypoalbuminaemia and hyperglobulinaemia and 90% of tested animals had neutrophilia. Five cows were examined at slaughter, where the ultrasonographic diagnosis was confirmed. 相似文献
9.
Two sheep with a ruminal fistula and an isolated small rumen were studied for the secretion of ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, and amino nitrogen into the isolated rumen at different levels of volatile fatty acids (VFA) (50, 133-97, and 97-66 M Mol 1(-1)) in the rumen. The VFA level in the rumen was found to exert a great influence on the quantitative secretion of endogenous nitrogen from the blood through the rumen wall into rumen content. When the VFA level in the rumen was increased by administration of a single dose of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid, the secretion of ammonia nitrogen and amino nitrogen abruptly dropped and the secretion of urea into the isolated rumen slightly increased. The over-all amount of nitrogen (NH3-N + urea-N + amino-N) that had passed into the isolated rumen in the course of an hour showed a highly significant correlation with the passage of nitrogen in the form of ammonia and amino nitrogen and was greatest before the application of VFA to the rumen, i.e. at the level of 50 m mol 1-1. Of the metabolites under study, which were passing to the isolated rumen, amino nitrogen shared the greatest proportion (45.38-46.54%). When the VFA level in the rumen was raised, the proportion of ammonia secreted to the isolated rumen decreased and the proportion of urea in the total amount of nitrogen increased. 相似文献
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Fixation of the Deferent Ducts for Retrodisplacement of the Urinary Bladder and Prostate in Canine Perineal Hernia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
STEPHEN A. BILBREY DVM MS DANIEL D. SMEAK DVM DiplomateACVs WILLIAM DEHOFF DVM MS DiplomateACVs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,19(1):24-27
The deferent ducts were secured to the lateral abdominal wall in nine dogs to correct retrodisplacement of the urinary bladder and prostate. Perineal herniorrhaphy and fixation of the deferent ducts were performed in seven dogs; in two dogs, only fixation of the deferent ducts was performed. All dogs were clinically normal after 4 to 28 months (mean, 14.7 months). 相似文献
13.
选用 4头装置永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年梅花鹿 ,用 3种含有不同蛋白质水平的精料补充日粮 ,按 4× 3拉丁方试验设计 ,对瘤胃的 pH值、氨态氮 (NH3-N)、三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白(TCA -P)和总挥发性脂肪酸 (TVFA)浓度进行了测定 ,并研究了它们的动态变化规律以及VFA组分百分率 相似文献
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15.
[目的] 满足犬食道摘除手术,或生理性实验犬的饲喂及采集样品需要,进行试验性犬人造胃瘘管手术。[方法] 选取5只中等及大型犬,通过术前准备和检查,并做全身吸入麻醉。在腹底胃区切开皮肤,分离肌肉,拉出胃大弯,在无血管处切开胃壁,放入人造瘘管。对胃壁浆膜肌层进行双层荷包缝合。对腹壁肌肉进行结节对接缝合。术后使用聚维酮碘软膏或油剂注入肌肉与瘘管间隙,加速肉芽形成。手术6个月后对2只犬进行肉芽组织采样做病理切片。[结果] 5只犬术后15~25 d创口均取得良好愈合,并可以适应流食饲喂;通过病理学观察发现,肉芽组织生长良好,均为成熟肉芽。[结论] 该手术方法可为今后由于病理性原因进行造瘘术和生理实验手术提供实践依据。 相似文献
16.
Primary Repair of Abomasal Fistulae Resulting From Right Paramedian Abomasopexy in Eight Adult Dairy Cattle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abomasal fistulae resulting from right paramedian abomasopexy in eight adult dairy cattle were treated by primary closure of the abdominal wall after surgical resection of the fistulae. The median elapsed time from the abomasopexy to recognition of fistula formation was 16 days (range, 10 to 90 days). All cows had normal electrolyte values, and five cows had mildly increased base excess values (range = 4.0 to 7.8 mEq/L). Surgery was performed with the cows in dorsal recumbency using general anesthesia. The fistulated tissue was resected and the abomasum and body wall were closed primarily. One or two layers of appositional sutures using #2 or #3 polyglactin 910 were used to close the body wall. Mean surgical time was 2.2 hours (range, 1.8 to 2.9 hours). Two cows were lost to follow-up. Five of the remaining six cows returned to production (range, 5 to 30 months). Primary closure of the abdominal wall should be considered in the surgical repair of abomasal fistulae in cows that do not have diffuse peritonitis. 相似文献
17.
为研究外源纤维酶对奶牛瘤胃纤维降解细菌的影响,试验选用安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,年龄、体重相近的3头奶牛为试验动物,采用前后期自身对照试验方法,进行2期动物试验,第1期基础日粮中不加外源纤维酶(对照组),第2期(试验组)基础日粮中,将外源纤维酶组合按日粮的0.1%进行添加饲喂。结果显示,外源纤维酶显著提高了奶牛瘤胃中的白色瘤胃球菌、黄化瘤胃球菌、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、反刍兽真细菌和栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌(P<0.05～P<0.01)的数量。 相似文献
18.
不同钼铜水平对肉牛纤维物质降解率影响的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用4头年龄、体重相近(340±10)kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的利木赞×鲁西黄牛杂交公牛,研究在不同钼、铜水平下饲料纤维物质在瘤胃中的降解率,以及在不同时间点的瘤胃纤维物质消失率。试验采用3×3拉丁方设计。分两期进行。试验结果表明:钼铜水平的高低对纤维物质降解率有极显著的影响。在低钼水平下,添加铜10mg/kg纤维物质降解率最高;高钼水平下,添加25和50mg/kg的铜纤维物质降解率较高,但考虑到经济因素,以添加25mg/kg的铜最为适宜。 相似文献
19.
J D Olsen 《American journal of veterinary research》1979,40(5):730-732
A method was developed for repeated or prolonged infusion of substances into the rumen. A blind rumen fistula was surgically formed so that the unopened rumen compartment was easily accessible immediately beneath the skin. A cardiac catheter was inserted into the rumen and was tied to a canvas patch cemented to the animal's coat. This method has been used in cattle and sheep for continuous infusion periods of one to six weeks. This surgical preparation also has been used to put plant material directly into the rumen and to obtain rumen contents. Thus, a large number of fistulated animals can be maintained over long periods without the disadvantages of maintenance required for animals each having an open fistula fitted with a closure device. 相似文献
20.
试验选用新培育的品种天农青饲Ⅰ号饲用高粱原料,研究其在泌乳奶牛瘤胃内的能量养分消化代谢。选用2头健康泌乳奶牛,试验原料为天农青饲Ⅰ号品种的2种不同栽培处理的样品（A、B）,分别测定风干全株穗天农青饲Ⅰ号高粱A组和天农青饲Ⅰ号高粱B组奶牛瘤胃内9个时间点(0、2、4、8、12、24、36、48和72 h)的能量降解率。结果表明,品种高粱A原料能量值为11.22 MJ/kg,泌乳奶牛的瘤胃能量降解率为59.41％;品种高粱B的原料能量值为15.38 MJ/kg,泌乳奶牛瘤胃能量降解率为62.69%。试验品种高粱的栽培技术及其物理化学特性,影响泌乳奶牛的瘤胃能量降解率。 相似文献