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1.
利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对76只(雌24,雄52)哈尔滨大白兔红细胞酯酶的遗传多态性进行了研究.结果表明,红细胞酯酶Es-1,Es-2和Es-33个位点各有3种不同的表型AA、AB和BB,它们分别受常染色体上的1对等显性基因A、B控制.各位点的A基因频率分别为0.2829、0.5724和0.5329,B基因频率分别为0.7171,0.4276和0.4671.3个位点的杂合度分别为0.4057,0.4895和0.4978,平均杂合度为0.4643.经X~2检验,这3个位点的基因分布均处于Hardy-Weibery平衡状态(P>0.05).  相似文献   

2.
采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺线性浓度梯度凝胶电泳法,对216只塞北兔红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-3)的遗传多态性进行了检测。结果表明,在塞北兔群体中,红细胞酯酶(Es-1,Es-3)均呈多态,各有3种表型,受2个共显性等位基因A和B控制。X2检验结果表明,塞北兔群体在Es-1和Es-3位点处于Hardy-weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

3.
采用双垂直薄层聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法，研究了福建黑白花奶牛的免疫球蛋白Ａ（ＩｇＡ）、后清蛋白（Ｐａ）、铁传递蛋白（Ｔｆ）和清蛋白（ＡＬ）等４个位点的多态性。结果表明，福建黑白花奶牛的４个位点都有多态性，各位点的基因频率为ＩｇＡ~A０．７３４４，ＩｇＡ~B０．２６５６；Ｐａ~A０．１２８９，Ｐａ~B０．８７１１；ＴｆＡ０．４３５５，ＴｆＤ０．５０５９，ＴｆＥ０．０５８６；ＡＬＡ０．４３７５，ＡＬＢ ０．５６２５。ＩｇＡ在牛中是新鉴定出来的多态位点，位于γ－球蛋白区前沿，是受一对常染色体等显性基因控制的简单孟德尔式遗传。Ｐａ、ＡＬ也都各自受一对常染色体等显性基因控制，而Ｔｆ由３个常染色体等显性基因控制。计算了群体４个位点平均基因杂合度和位点累积亲子排除率，分别为０．４１４５和３０．００％。  相似文献   

4.
A novel method for haplotype phasing in families after joint estimation of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium is developed. Results from Monte Carlo computer simulations show that the newly developed E.M. algorithm is accurate if true recombination fraction is 0 even for single families of relatively small sizes. Estimates of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium were 0.00 （SD 0.00） and 0.19 （SD 0.03） for simulated recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium of 0.00 and 0.20, respectively. A genome fragmentation phasing strategy was developed and used for phasing haplotypes in a sire and 36 progeny using the 50 k Illumina BeadChip by： a） estimation of the recombination fraction and LD in consecutive SNPs using family information, b） linkage analyses between fragments, c） phasing of haplotypes in parents and progeny and in following generations. Homozygous SNPs in progeny allowed determination of paternal fragment inheritance, and deduction of SNP sequence information of haplotypes from dams. The strategy also allowed detection of genotyping errors. A total of 613 recombination events were detected after linkage analysis was carried out between fragments. Hot and cold spots were identified at the individual （sire level）. SNPs for which the sire and calf were heterozygotes became informative （over 90%） after the phasing of haplotypes. Average of regions of identity between half-sibs when comparing its maternal inherited haplotypes （with at least 20 SNP） in common was 0.11 with a maximum of 0.29 and a minimum of 0.05. A Monte-Carlo simulation of BTA1 with the same linkage disequilibrium structure and genetic linkage as the cattle family yielded a 99.98 and 99.94% of correct phases for informative SNPs in sire and calves, respectively.  相似文献   

5.
研究对甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系的15个微卫星位点进行了遗传多样性检测.计算了各位点的等位基因频率(P)、杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和有效等位基因数(Ne).结果表明:15个微卫星位点中有1个未检测到多态,其余14个均表现出高度多态性.多态性标记在该群体中的平均等位基因数为10个,平均多态信息含量PIC=0.83,平均杂舍度H=0.85,平均有效等位基因数Ne=7.1.说明甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系的遗传多样性丰富,遗传变异程度较高,基因一致度较差,变异性较大,具有较大的选择潜力.这14个位点可以作为有效的遗传标记,用于甘肃高山细毛羊优质毛品系遗传多样性分析及其与各生产性状的相关性研究.  相似文献   

6.
在进行家蚕遗传连锁图谱的整合过程中,需要寻找两个作图群体中都有多态的共有标记,但这种共有标记数量较少。为此,利用已有的简单重复序列(SSR)与家蚕基因组进行比对,寻找到匹配的scaffold,再采用SS-RHunter1.3搜索其中的SSR区域,排除掉原有SSR序列,选择重复次数在6～23之间的微卫星区域设计引物,用BC1群体的亲本及F1进行多态性的筛选,选择有多态性的标记用7019×(F50B×7019)BC1群体进行基因型分析。结果显示:根据原家蚕第2连锁群上SSR位点新设计的邻近的7对引物中,有6对引物在BC1群体的亲本中有多态性,选择其中2个进行遗传连锁分析,作图结果与原有相应SSR标记的作图结果基本保持一致,其中根据S0207所在scaffold上开发的NS02071和NS02072之间的图距达到6.9 cM;根据家蚕大造和C108的回交一代初步定位的D ll基因的位置与后来在其所在scaffold上所设计的临近引物D ll1和D ll2的定位一致,且这两个标记在遗传连锁图上的图距为0.0 cM,表明这两个标记在遗传图上的位置重叠。由此,在较短的DNA区域内(在遗传连锁图上表现1个位点)便有多个SSR标记可供使用,将为定位家蚕重要经济性状基因、分子辅助育种及功能基因研究等提供更多有价值的信息。  相似文献   

7.
塔里木马鹿微卫星遗传多样性与产茸量的相关性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用7个微卫星遗传标记,采用PCR扩增,12%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、Sanguinetti银染法显色,对新疆塔里木马鹿亚种遗传多样性进行检测,统计各群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E)和平均基因纯合率(Rh),根据等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的遗传距离,利用分子进化遗传分析软件(MEGA),采用邻结法(NJ)重建系统发生树。根据等位基因频率,利用PHYLIP(3.6)分析软件,采用最大似然法(ML)构建系统发生树,应用自举检验(bootstrap test)估计系统树中节点的自引导值(bootstrap value),并进行了系统发生分析。同时对部分马鹿群体个体基因型与产茸量之间进行了相关分析。结果表明:7个微卫星位点在3个塔里木马鹿中的多态信息含量除BMS2508和Celjp0023没有多态性,以及BM5004为中度多态外,其他4个微卫星均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于3个塔里木马鹿群体遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。所有马鹿群体的平均PIC为(0.5196)、h(0.5552)和E(2.45),其基因多态性和遗传多样性相对丰富。塔里木马鹿35团群体与沙雅群体的血缘关系及遗传距离近于阿拉尔群体,3个塔里木马鹿群体的系统发育关系基本符合其地理分布和育成史。微卫星位点BM4208的166bp/185bp基因型和微卫星BM888的208bp/208bp基因型可以对塔里木马鹿35团群体高产茸量进行分子遗传标记。  相似文献   

8.
为了探究PRL基因多态性与鸡产蛋性能的相关性,试验以95只百宜黑鸡为研究对象,利用PCR扩增技术结合直接测序方法对鸡PRL基因SNP位点进行筛选.结果:在试验群体中找到4个SNPs,分别为g.6171 C>T、g.6232 C>G、g.6306 C>T、g.6440 T>C,且4个SNPs均处于第5外显子,g.6171 C>T和g.6232 C>G位点之间属于完全连锁平衡;χ2检验发现,该基因座的位点并不处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;遗传参数分析发现,除了g.6306 C>T属于低度多态,其余位点均属于中度多态;关联分析表明,各SNP位点与产蛋性能之间不存在显著相关关系(P>0.05).  相似文献   

9.
OBJECTIVE: To assess heritability and mode of inheritance for hypoadrenocorticism in Bearded Collies. ANIMALS: 635 Bearded Collies. PROCEDURES: Dogs were classified as affected by hypoadrenocorticism or unaffected. Phenotypic and pedigree data were analyzed. Heritability was estimated by use of Bayesian statistical methods. Regressive logistic models for complex segregation analyses were used to characterize mode of inheritance. RESULTS: Hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed in 60 (9.4%) dogs. Heritability of hypoadrenocorticism was estimated to be 0.76 with both sexes affected with equal probability. Evaluation of the pedigrees did not support a Mendelian autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Evidence from the complex segregation analysis for a single locus of large effect on hypoadrenocorticism was not convincing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hypoadrenocorticism in Bearded Collies is highly heritable. Although a precise genetic mechanism responsible for inheritance of the disorder remains undetermined, breeding decisions must include consideration of the genetic likelihood of passing on this deleterious disorder to offspring of affected dams and sires.  相似文献   

10.
A novel method for haplotype phasing in families after joint estimation of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium is developed. Results from Monte Carlo computer simulations show that the newly developed E.M. algorithm is accurate if true recombination fraction is 0 even for single families of relatively small sizes. Estimates of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium were 0.00 (SD 0.00) and 0.19 (SD 0.03) for simulated recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium of 0.00 and 0.20, respectively. A genome fragmentation phasing strategy was developed and used for phasing haplotypes in a sire and 36 progeny using the 50 k Illumina BeadChip by: a) estimation of the recombination fraction and LD in consecutive SNPs using family information, b) linkage analyses between fragments, c) phasing of haplotypes in parents and progeny and in following generations. Homozygous SNPs in progeny allowed determination of paternal fragment inheritance, and deduction of SNP sequence information of haplotypes from dams. The strategy also allowed detection of genotyping errors. A total of 613 recombination events were detected after linkage analysis was carried out between fragments. Hot and cold spots were identified at the individual (sire level). SNPs for which the sire and calf were heterozygotes became informative (over 90%) after the phasing of haplotypes. Average of regions of identity between half-sibs when comparing its maternal inherited haplotypes (with at least 20 SNP) in common was 0.11 with a maximum of 0.29 and a minimum of 0.05. A Monte-Carlo simulation of BTA1 with the same linkage disequilibrium structure and genetic linkage as the cattle family yielded a 99.98 and 99.94% of correct phases for informative SNPs in sire and calves, respectively.  相似文献   

11.
对于数量性状能否作基因定位的问题,过去认为这是不可能的。因为数量性状是受微效多基因决定。而这些基因的数目和单独效应又很难确定。下面刊出的李玉奎和吴常信两位先生撰写的《RFLP在动物育种中应用的前景》一文对这一问题的解决介绍了可供研究的途径。  相似文献   

12.
The linkage relationships between egg albumen loci Ov, II, III and Tf are examined in segregation data from backcross matings. The suggestion of close linkage between the Ov locus and locus II is confirmed. Loci II, III and Tf show evidence of very loose linkage but the data are also compatible with the loci located on different chromosomes.  相似文献   

13.
中国矮马血液遗传标记的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对16匹中国矮马血清中白蛋白（ALB）、酯酶（ES）、α1-B糖蛋白（A1B）和维生素D结合蛋白（GC）进行了检测。结果发现：在4个位点中，白蛋白（ALB）和酯酶（ES）位点呈现多态性，而α1-B糖蛋白（A1B）、维生素D结合蛋白（GC）2个位点均呈现单态性。在白蛋白（ALB）位点发现3个基因型，即AA、AB和BB，由等位基因ALB^A和ALB^B控制，其基因频率分别为0.3125和0.6875；在酯酶（ES）位点发现4个基因型，即FS、II、FF和FI，由等位基因ES^s、ES^1和Es^f控制，其基因频率分别为0.1875,0.281和0.5313。  相似文献   

14.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对兴凯湖梅花鹿的14个血液蛋白位点进行遗传检测,分析其与茸性状之间的关系。结果表明：Ptf．Sag、Tf,Prt-1、Prt-2、Pa、Pr、Alb、Hb、Es、AMY1、AMY2、AMY3和CA分别出现2、2、2、2、2、2、2、1、2、3、1、2、1和2种表型,分别受一个基因位点上的2、2、2、2、2、2、2、1、2、2、1、2、1和2个等位基因控制。Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态分析表明：除Sag为平衡位点外,其他位点均偏离平衡状态。Pa的AA和AB型与主干围度、Sag的AB型与茸根围度、Ptf的AB型与冰枝长度和Prt2的AB型与眉二间距之间均存在显著相关。  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variation at 59 protein coding loci (16 polymorphic) and 25 microsatellite loci was analysed for 11 indigenous south-east Asian goat populations, and the Australian feral population, to determine the magnitude of genetic differentiation and the genetic relationships among the populations. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were detected in one or more populations for eight of the nine protein loci with codominant alleles, and for microsatellites for all except the two Sri Lankan populations and for all but four loci. For both marker types, average inbreeding coefficients ( F IS) were exceptionally high. Heterogeneity of deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the microsatellites showed no differences for among loci within populations as compared with among populations within loci. For protein loci, however, the former was higher, indicating selection affecting allele frequencies at some loci. The variance among protein loci was significantly higher than among microsatellite loci, further indicating selection at some protein loci. There was significant differentiation among populations for both protein and microsatellite loci, most likely reflecting the geography of south-east Asia, and the presumed spread of goats throughout the region. Phylogenies derived from pair-wise genetic distance estimates show some similar clustering for the microsatellite and protein based trees, but bootstrap support was generally low for both. A phylogeny based on the combined set of 38 protein and microsatellite loci showed better consistency with geography and higher bootstrap values. The genetic distance phylogeny and the Weitzman diversity tree derived from microsatellite data showed some identical clusters, and both identified the Ujung Pandang and Australia populations as contributing most to overall genetic diversity.  相似文献   

16.
In this article coefficients of kinship between and within populations are proposed as a tool to assess genetic diversity for conservation of genetic variation. However, pedigree-based kinships are often not available, especially between populations. A method of estimation of kinship from genetic marker data was applied to simulated data from random breeding populations in order to study the suitability of this method for livestock conservation plans. Average coefficients of kinship between populations can be estimated with low Mean Square Error of Prediction, although a bias will occur from alleles that are alike in state in the founder population. The bias is similar for all populations, so the ranking of populations will not be affected. Possible ways of diminishing this bias are discussed. The estimation of kinships between individuals is imprecise unless the number of marker loci is large (> 200). However, it allows distinction between highly related animals (full sibs, half sibs and equivalent relations) and animals that are not directly related if about 30–50 polymorphic marker genes are used. The marker-based estimates of kinship coefficients yielded higher correlations than genetic distance measures with pedigree-based kinships and thus to this measure of genetic diversity, although correlations were high overall. The relation between coefficients of kinship and genetic distances are discussed. Kinship-based diversity measures conserve the founder population allele frequencies, whereas genetic distances will conserve populations in which allele frequencies are the most different. Marker-based kinship estimates can be used for the selection of breeds and individuals as contributors to a genetic conservation programme.  相似文献   

17.
为研究UCP2基因与猪肉品质性状之间的关系,本研究测定10～12月龄144头江口萝卜猪11项肉品质指标,并提取基因组DNA构建DNA池扩增UCP2基因全部外显子序列,测序后筛选SNPs位点,单个样本DNA扩增后测序验证并分型,分析不同基因型个体肉品质差异。检测不同基因型个体背最长肌中UCP2基因表达量,研究UCP2基因表达量与肉品质的相关性。结果表明:共发现3个SNPs位点,分别为UCP2-T5728G、UCP2-T5774G、UCP2-C5878T;群体遗传参数分析发现等位基因频率差异均较大,多态信息含量均为中度多态,UCP2-C5878T位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡;UCP2-T5728G和UCP2-T5774G位点为完全连锁不平衡;UCP2-T5728G和UCP2-T5774G位点野生型的大理石纹评分显著高于杂合型,UCP2-C5878T位点杂合型和野生型的剪切力显著高于突变型;UCP2-T5728G和UCP2-T5774G位点杂合型的UCP2基因表达量极显著高于野生型和突变型,UCP2-C5878T位点杂合型和野生型的表达量极显著高于突变型;UCP2基因在背最长肌中的表达量与剪切力呈极显著正相关,与大理石纹和肌内脂肪含量呈极显著负相关。上述结果说明,江口萝卜猪背最长肌中UCP2基因的表达量越高则肌内脂肪含量越低,肉品质越差,UCP2-T5728G和UCP2-T5774G位点杂合型为基因高表达型,肌内脂肪沉积效率降低,对肉品质有不利影响,UCP2-C5878T位点突变型基因表达量极显著降低,肌内脂肪沉积效率升高,有利于肉品质性改善。本研究证明UCP2基因可以作为辅助江口萝卜猪选种选育的候选基因,筛选到的3个SNPs位点均可能是影响猪肉品质性状的重要SNPs位点。  相似文献   

18.
本研究旨在检测猪GPR54基因多态性,分析其与产仔数之间的关系。采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-R FLP和直接测序方法,对小梅山猪、枫泾猪和大白猪3个群体218头繁殖母猪进行GPR54基因的多态分析,并采用最小二乘法分析其与616窝小梅山母猪繁殖记录的关系。结果表明:在3对引物(P1、P4、P8)中检测到3个多态位点,其中1个多态位点(P1)导致氨基酸的改变(Leu35Pro),P4与P8位点的基因遗传为连锁遗传;P1位点上,2胎以上小梅山母猪中,BB型个体的产活仔数(NBA)比AB型和AA型分别高0.69、1.65头(P0.01),所有胎次中,BB型个体的TNB和NBA均高于AA型(P0.01)和AB型(P0.01);P4/P8位点上,杂合型的总产仔数(TNB)和NBA均高于纯合型。结果提示,对于小梅山猪,P1位点的BB基因型可作为小梅山猪辅助选择的遗传标记。  相似文献   

19.
Candidate gene markers for litter size in different German pig lines.   总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42  
Three diallelic RFLP markers at candidate gene loci for litter size, the estrogen receptor (ESR) gene, the prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene, and the retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) gene, were evaluated for their association with the number of piglets born alive in different German pig lines. Genotyping was performed on boars and sows belonging to three different genetic groups from a single farm. Information on 8,336 litter records from 2,159 sows (German Landrace, n = 1,672; Duroc, n = 214; and a synthetic line, n = 273) was used in the analyses with respect to litter size. Growth performance traits were only analyzed for the synthetic line. The ESR locus showed no polymorphism in the tested boars of the German Landrace and Duroc lines. In the synthetic line, the frequency for the A allele was 0.90 and no homozygous BB animal was detected. No significant associations of ESR alleles with number of piglets born alive, backfat thickness, or average daily gain were observed. A new PCR-RFLP was developed for testing the PRLR polymorphism. The frequencies of PRLR allele A were 0.40 in the German Landrace, 0.49 in the synthetic, and 0.82 in the Duroc line. In the Duroc line, a small additive effect of the allele B on litter size was observed. The allelic substitution effect was 0.71 piglets born alive across all parities (P = 0.05). No significant associations of the PRLR locus with litter and growth performance traits were detected. The frequencies of RBP4 allele A ranged from 0.62 in the synthetic line to 0.67 in the German Landrace to 0.85 in the Duroc line. For the genotyped sows of the synthetic line, there was no indication of a favorable effect of the A allele with respect to litter size. Results of this study demonstrate that allele effects differ between lines or populations. This may be due to possible different linkage phases between the marker alleles and the causal mutations in the different lines. The results may also be explained by many minor genes affecting litter size. A selection strategy should be designed for each line separately and should always consider possible pleiotropic effects.  相似文献   

20.
选择与鸡体型参数和屠体性状紧密相关的10个微卫星位点,用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法分析其与固始鸡5个系和4个非固始鸡品系共9个群体体型性状及屠体性状相关关系。结果表明:检测到4个标记(MCW0295、MCW0006、MCW0185、ADL0192)与5个性状(体重、胸宽、胸深、胫长、体斜长)存在显著相关,在各个群体中,标记MCW0295与体重相关比较显著,标记ADL0192与体斜长相关。在固始鸡群体中,标记MCW0006和MCW0185与体型性状各个性状相关比较显著。检测到3个标记分别与3个屠体性状存在不同程度的相关:在固始鸡原种、父母代中,标记MCW0295与胸肌率相关。在固始鸡原种和商品代中,标记MCW0006与全净膛率相关。在艾维茵鸡中,MCW0294与腿肌率相关。说明这些标记位点可能是控制特定性状的主效基因,或与控制性状的主效基因连锁。  相似文献   

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