共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
为探究荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛在泌乳性能上的差异,本试验通过收集浙江某规模化牛场2022年1-12月6 390条DHI记录,根据多因素方差分析来分析荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛因品种及其胎次、泌乳月和产犊季节对其产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分（SCS）和尿素氮的影响。结果表明,荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、SCS和尿素氮分别为32.47kg、4.35%、3.36%、2.49、5.15mg/dL,娟姗牛日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、SCS和尿素氮分别为22.02kg、6.08%、4.02%、2.79、15.28mg/dL;荷斯坦牛与娟姗牛因品种及泌乳月、胎次和产犊季节均对其泌乳性能有极显著的影响（P<0.01）。其中,与娟姗牛相比,荷斯坦牛的产奶量极显著更高（P<0.01）,而乳脂率和乳蛋白率则与之相反（P<0.01）;夏、秋、冬季产犊的荷斯坦牛SCS极显著低于娟姗牛（P<0.01）,而尿素氮含量差异不显著。与荷斯坦牛相比,1胎和3胎及以上的娟姗牛体细胞评分（SCS）极显著更高（P<0.01）,而尿素氮含量差异不显著;在不同泌乳月,与荷斯坦牛相比,娟姗牛体细胞评分极显著... 相似文献
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为探究影响宁夏地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性状变化的非遗传因素,以2008—2021年间56个牧场135 533头荷斯坦牛DHI数据为研究材料,运用SAS 9.2软件GLM过程分析场规模、胎次、产犊年份、采样年份、产犊季节和采样季节对9项泌乳性状的影响。结果表明：上述因素对9项泌乳性状均有极显著影响。日产奶量随场规模、胎次（≤4胎）、产犊年份增加极显著递增,奶牛秋、冬季产犊日产奶量高于夏季（P<0.01）。乳脂率随场规模、产犊年份增加呈先升后降趋势;乳蛋白率、体细胞评分（SCS）和泌乳高峰日随场规模增加呈先升后降趋势,随产犊年份逐年递降;高峰奶量、305 d产奶量和乳糖率在场规模>5 000头最高;乳糖率、脂蛋比和高峰奶量随产犊年份逐年上升。乳脂率和SCS逐胎上升;乳蛋白率和高峰奶量随胎次增加呈先升后降趋势;1胎次乳糖率高于其他胎次（P<0.01）。春、秋、冬季产犊的奶牛脂蛋比、高峰奶量和305 d产奶量高于夏季（P<0.01）,但乳蛋白率、SCS夏季最高。本研究结果为研究荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳成分及相关指标变化规律提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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牛催乳素受体(PRLR)基因HinfⅠ多态性与奶牛生产性能相关性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用PCR-RFLP方法检测了牛催乳素受体（PRLR）基因intron 8多态性。结果表明：中国荷斯坦牛、加拿大荷斯坦和澳洲荷斯坦牛群体中HinfⅠ酶切后均有A和B两个等位基因存在。利用最小二乘分析研究了该多态位点对奶牛305 d产奶成年当量、乳脂肪率、乳蛋白率、初次配种日龄和初次产犊日龄的影响。结果表明：不同基因型个体的乳脂率、初次配种日龄和初次产犊日龄的差异均未达到显著水平,但呈现出AA〉AB〉BB的趋势。BB型个体的305 d成年当量与AA型、AB型个体有显著差异（P〈0.05）,BB型个体的乳蛋白率与AA型、AB型个体有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。对305 d成年当量、乳脂肪率、乳蛋白率、初次配种日龄和初次产犊日龄A基因的加性效应分别为296.00 kg/胎次、0.08%-、0.14%、4.55 d/头、15.10 d/头,A等位基因的显性效应为259.80 kg/胎次、0.07%、-0.10%、0.95 d/头和4.90 d/头。 相似文献
4.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(3)
为揭示荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度的群体特征及其与泌乳性能和体型性状的关系,实验测量了2 840头北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度,利用SAS 9.2 GLM过程分析其影响因素及乳房皮肤厚度对泌乳性能(日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率)的影响,并计算其与体型性状的相关性。结果表明:北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度群体均值为7.16 mm;场效应、泌乳阶段和体况评分对乳房皮肤厚度有极显著性影响(P<0.01);乳房皮肤厚度二次项对乳脂率有显著影响(P<0.05),且与日产奶量存在负相关趋势(P<0.1);乳房皮肤厚度与前乳房附着呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。本研究通过初步分析得到乳房皮肤厚度与生产性状的关系,并为后续乳房皮肤厚度的深入研究提供基础。 相似文献
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试验利用湖南某奶牛规模养殖场2022年1～12月份2339条DHI测定数据，比较分析荷斯坦牛与娟珊牛泌乳量、乳成分、体细胞数水平及饲料成本之间的差异。结果表明：荷斯坦牛全年及夏季日产奶量、高峰奶量、305 d奶量极显著高于娟珊牛（P<0.01）；娟珊组全年及夏季乳脂率、乳蛋白率均极显著高于荷斯坦牛（P<0.01）；娟姗牛体细胞数0～20万/m L的群体比例与荷斯坦牛无显著性差异（P>0.05），夏季娟姗牛健康牛群的下降比例低于荷斯坦牛群；经济效益分析结果显示，娟姗牛每生产1 kg牛奶的饲料成本为2.11元，比荷斯坦牛节省0.25元。由此可见，荷斯坦牛的产奶量具有明显优势，但娟珊牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率等乳品质优于荷斯坦牛，而且在夏季热应激环境下，娟珊牛泌乳稳定性更强，单位产奶量饲料成本更低。 相似文献
6.
影响荷斯坦牛305 d泌乳性能的因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国畜牧杂志》2020,(4)
为探索胎次、产犊年度和产犊季节对荷斯坦牛305 d泌乳性能的影响,本研究利用一般线性模型对江苏省某大型牧场于2009—2016年产犊且泌乳天数为240～400 d的14 837个完整泌乳期荷斯坦牛的泌乳性能数据进行分析,同时以泌乳期总产奶量和泌乳天数为自变量,利用线性模型对305 d校正产奶量进行拟合。结果表明:不同胎次、产犊年度、产犊季节对荷斯坦牛305 d泌乳性能有显著影响;经产奶牛305 d产奶量显著高于初产奶牛;春冬季产犊奶牛305 d产奶量显著高于夏秋季节;305 d产奶量与泌乳天数、脂肪产量、蛋白产量与泌乳期总产奶量极显著正相关,与平均乳脂率和平均乳蛋白率极显著负相关。根据泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量利用线性模型Y_(305)=P×1.045-D×0.262可以很好地预测荷斯坦牛305 d产奶量。 相似文献
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试验旨在探明皮下注射褪黑素（MT）对荷斯坦奶牛配种妊娠率及血清生殖激素的影响。用计步器法确定自然发情的首次配种荷斯坦奶牛150头，对其中70头进行颈部皮下肌内注射褪黑素30 mg，12 h后进行人工输精；选择170头产后首次配种的荷斯坦奶牛进行同期排卵-定时输精处理，其中90头荷斯坦奶牛最后一次注射促性腺激素释放激素（gonadotropin-releasing hormone，GnRH）的同时进行颈部皮下肌内注射褪黑素30 mg，16 h后进行人工输精。在进行二次配种的荷斯坦奶牛中选择153只进行皮下注射褪黑素。荷斯坦奶牛输精后20~35 d进行妊娠检查，详细记录首次配种妊娠母牛头数、二次配种妊娠母牛头数、产犊数。选取同期排卵-定时输精的荷斯坦奶牛25头，皮下注射褪黑素8 h后用放射免疫法检测其血清中褪黑素、促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）的含量及35 d妊检时妊娠母牛血清中孕酮（P4）含量。结果显示，与自然发情和同期排卵对照组相比，其对应的皮下注射褪黑素组荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率及产犊率均显著提高（P<0.05）；皮下注射褪黑素组的双犊率显著提高（P<0.05），首次配种妊娠率和产犊率均显著提高（P<0.05），二次配种妊娠率和产犊率均差异不显著（P>0.05）。血清激素检测结果表明，与对照组相比，皮下注射褪黑素组血清中褪黑素、LH、E2含量均显著增加（P<0.05）；35 d妊检时，皮下注射褪黑素的妊娠母牛P4含量显著增加（P<0.05）。本试验结果表明，皮下注射褪黑素能够提高荷斯坦奶牛的妊娠率、产犊率及血清中LH、E2和P4含量，说明皮下注射褪黑素能够促进卵母细胞成熟和排卵，并提高配种妊娠率。 相似文献
8.
[目的]为了研究不同产犊季节对荷斯坦奶牛第一胎泌乳性能的影响,以便为长江中下游地区荷斯坦奶牛合理安排配种时间提供科学依据。[方法]利用海丰奶牛场有限公司2009年引进2480头澳系进口荷斯坦牛产犊季节及其第一胎泌乳性能的数据,分析不同产犊季节对第一胎泌乳天数、全泌乳期实际产奶量、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量和305d蛋白产量的影响。[结果]表明:不同产犊季节对第一胎泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量影响极显著(P0.01),显著影响305天脂肪产量(0.01P0.05),春季产犊的奶牛泌乳天数最长(358±10d),而冬季产犊的奶牛泌乳天数最短(299±18d),春季与夏季产犊奶牛的全泌乳期产奶量显著高于秋季、冬季产犊奶牛(P0.05),夏季产犊奶牛305d脂肪产量最高。[结论]综合各产犊季节样本量及相应泌乳性能,认为该场澳系进口荷斯坦牛最适宜产犊季节为夏末秋初,此时泌乳性能最好。该结果对同类地区引进澳系进口荷斯坦牛繁殖与生产管理有借鉴作用。 相似文献
9.
宁夏地区荷斯坦牛青年牛繁殖性状遗传参数估计 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
旨在探究青年牛繁殖性状遗传能力群体遗传参数,评估不同配种季节间青年牛繁殖性状基因型与环境的互作效应（G×E）。本研究利用宁夏地区12个牧场2007—2019年荷斯坦牛繁殖事件信息记录,计算青年牛繁殖性状包括：首配日龄（AFS）、初产日龄（AFC）、首次配种后56天不返情率（NRR56）、首末次配种间隔（IFL）、妊娠期长短（GL）和首次配种受胎率（CR）共30 645~44 888条表型值数据。通过DMU软件的DMUAI模块使用单性状动物模型估计性状遗传力,使用双性状动物模型估计性状间遗传相关和不同配种季节间同一繁殖性状的基因型与环境互作程度（不同环境下同一性状间的遗传相关,r）。结果表明,AFS遗传力为0.483±0.013,AFC遗传力为0.231±0.015,青年牛NRR56、IFL、GL、CR遗传力及标准误分别为0.031±0.007,0.038±0.008,0.216±0.017和0.031±0.007;青年牛IFL、GL与AFC间有显著正相关（IFL-AFC：0.812±0.019,P<0.05;GL-AFC：0.119±0.053,P<0.05）,NRR56和CR与AFC间有显著负相关（NRR56-AFC：-0.274±0.086,P<0.05;CR-AFC：-0.532±0.065,P<0.05）。除IFL在夏季与秋季间和CR、NRR56、IFL在秋季与冬季间无基因型与环境互作效应外（r>0.8）,CR、NRR56、IFL在其他季节间均存在基因型与环境互作效应（r<0.8）。在CR中,春季配种与冬季配种间的遗传相关最低,在NRR56、IFL中则是春季配种与秋季配种的遗传相关最低。结果显示,青年牛生长发育能力和妊娠维持能力具有较大遗传选育潜力,而受胎能力易受环境影响。青年牛繁殖性状的遗传表现存在基因型与环境互作效应。因此,在进行遗传评定时需要考虑配种时的气候环境差异,优化评估模型以提高育种实践中遗传选育的准确性。 相似文献
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11.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(9)
为探究荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量特征及其影响因素,本研究收集了北京地区某牛场2016年6月—2018年6月共1 257头荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量数据及对应的奶牛生产性能测定数据,利用SAS 9.2软件的GLM过程分析胎次、产犊季节和产犊年份对初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量的影响。结果表明:北京地区荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值为24.25%,初乳产量为6.52 kg,该试验场初乳品质较好;不同胎次、产犊季节和产犊年份对初乳白利糖度值和初乳产量均有显著影响;初乳白利糖度值随胎次增加总体呈逐渐增加的趋势,5胎及以上的初乳白利糖度值最高;初乳产量随胎次增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,4胎时初乳产量最高。综上,荷斯坦牛初乳白利糖度值对分娩母牛的胎次和产犊年份、季节等生理和环境因素的变化较为敏感。 相似文献
12.
本研究旨在应用随机回归测定日模型对奶牛生产性状进行遗传评估。收集河南省内17个牧场2008年1月2017年5月共16 335头奶牛头胎174 634条生产性能记录,建立筛选标准对数据进行质控。遗传评估采用随机回归模型,场-测定日为固定效应,以固定回归拟合产犊月龄效应,随机效应包括加性遗传和永久环境效应。固定和随机回归均采用4阶Legendre多项式。结果表明:中国荷斯坦牛头胎测定日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分总遗传力分别为0.144 1、0.289 1、0.373 2和0.089 8。本研究为区域性中国荷斯坦牛的遗传评估平台建设和育种规划制定奠定基础。 相似文献
13.
Management practices associated with udder health of first-parity dairy cows in early lactation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Nyman AK Emanuelson U Gustafsson AH Persson Waller K 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,88(2):138-149
This study aimed at investigating associations between management routines including feeding, housing, and milking around calving, and udder health of first-parity cows in early lactation in Swedish large, high producing, low bulk-milk somatic cell count (SCC) dairy herds housed in free stalls. Seventy-two dairy herds participated and data concerning 1189 first-parity cows calving during the study period (October 2005-January 2006) was collected. Multivariable regression analysis were performed with three different outcomes; within-herd number of first-parity cows veterinary treated for clinical mastitis at days -10 to 60 after calving, within-herd number of first-parity cows with a SCC> or =200,000cells/mL at first test-day, and SCC of first-parity cows at first test-day. Cow factors significantly associated with good udder health of first-parity cows (few cases of clinical mastitis and or low SCC) were being of the Swedish Red breed, having a high milk yield at first test-day, and a milk-urea > or =5mmol/L at first test-day. Herd factors significantly associated with good udder health were having mattresses as flooring in the cubicles in the lactating cow housing, and to house the first-parity cows in tie stalls 1 month before calving. Cow factors significantly associated with poor udder health of first-parity cows were having a milk-urea <4mmol/L at first test-day. Herd factors significantly associated with poor udder health of first-parity cows were feeding first-parity cows sugar-beet pulp or corn silage, and to give silage from a different batch to pregnant heifers than to lactating cows. Moreover, to have sawdust or shavings in the calving pen, to be moved from the calving pen > or =2 days after calving, to milk first-parity cows at the calving site instead of in the parlor, and to rinse, clean or disinfect milking units before a first-parity cow was milked were also significantly associated with poor udder health of first-parity cows. The results indicate that different control measures must be taken depending on the nature of the udder health problem. 相似文献
14.
随着奶牛业产的迅速发展,如何提高饲料利用率,增加奶产量,提升牛奶品质,提高牛体健康,减少奶牛常见疾病,已经成为现代奶牛业的关键.本文简述了在奶牛日粮中添加“益佳泰”饲喂试验,选择8头泌乳期的经产中国荷斯坦奶牛,试验牛产奶量、胎次、产犊日期相近,健康无疾病.随机分为4个组,采用4×4拉丁方设计,其中一组为对照组,试验组奶牛基础日粮精料里分别添加5％,10％,15％,各组采用相同的基础日粮,观测其奶牛生产性能.结果表明,奶牛日粮中添加10％“益佳泰”能够有效的提高奶产量,但对奶品质有一定的影响. 相似文献
15.
为探究非遗传因素对荷斯坦牛测定日乳糖率(lactose percentage,LP)的影响,并估计测定日乳糖率的遗传力及其与体细胞评分(somatic cell score,SCS)、产奶量之间的遗传相关,试验收集了北京地区2017－2019年6个牧场11 554头荷斯坦牛的测定日生产性能记录,采用Mixed模型分析了影响测定日乳糖率的非遗传因素,基于DMU软件的DMUAI模块使用重复力模型估计了测定日乳糖率、SCS和产奶量的遗传参数,分析了测定日乳糖率的遗传趋势。结果显示,北京地区荷斯坦牛测定日乳糖率平均值为5.10%,胎次、泌乳阶段、牧场、测定年和测定季节对乳糖率均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。北京地区荷斯坦牛测定日乳糖率的遗传力估计值为0.097,高于同群体SCS性状;重复力估计值为0.162。1994-2019年,乳糖率性状的估计育种值总体呈升高趋势。乳糖率与SCS、产奶量之间分别存在中等至低的遗传相关,遗传相关系数分别为-0.49和0.28。上述结果表明,在遗传水平上,乳糖率越高的个体,其产奶量越高,体细胞数越低。本研究在中国牛群中对测定日乳糖率的遗传建模分析进行了有益尝试,利用大规模数据初步揭示了测定日乳糖率的遗传规律。 相似文献
16.
The first breeding value for udder health of a bull is based on the performance of his daughters in their first lactation. However, clinical mastitis (CM) is not a problem in first lactation only. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for CM and somatic cell count (SCC) for the first three lactations of Dutch Holstein cattle. Data from 250 Dutch herds recording CM were used to quantify the genetic variation of CM in parity 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The dataset contained 35,379 lactations from 21,064 animals of different parities. Test-day SCC was available from all lactations. Somatic cell counts were log-transformed to somatic cell scores (SCS) and averaged over test-day records between 5 and 335, 5 and 150, and 151 and 335 days in milk. Variance components for CM and SCS were estimated using a sire-maternal grandsire model. The heritability for CM was approximately 3% in all parities. Genetic correlations between CM in consecutive lactations were high (0.9), but somewhat lower between parity 1 and 3 (0.6). All genetic correlations between CM and SCS were positive, implying that genetic selection on lower SCC will reduce CM-incidence. Estimated genetic correlations were stronger for SCS in the first half of lactation than in the second half of lactation. Selection indices showed that most progress could be achieved when treating CM in parity 1, 2, and 3 as different traits and by including SCS between 5 and 150 days in the udder health index. 相似文献
17.
The objective of the present study was to determine the distribution of subclincial mastitis and intramammary infection (IMI) across udder quarters and to quantify, if any, the level of interdependence between quarters. Subclinical mastitis was defined as an udder quarter somatic cell count of > or =250,000. Intramammary infection was defined as the presence of pathogens in an udder quarter. The data used in the analyses consisted 6577 test-day records from 2034 lactations with observations on subclinical mastitis and 8428 test-day records from 2575 lactations with observations on IMI; each test-day record consisted data on all four udder quarters. Records were from animals on three research herds in southern Ireland. Observed distributions of IMI were compared to expected distributions, estimated using a binomial probability distribution, assuming independence among quarters. Generally, the observed frequencies deviated significantly from the expected frequencies, indicating some level of interdependence between quarters. Intraclass correlations were estimated from a mixed model including cow and test-day record nested within cow as random effects; fixed effects in the model included herd, year of calving, month of calving, parity, days in milk at sampling and interactions. Intraclass correlations within test-day record ranged from 0.14 to 0.50 for subclinical mastitis and from 0.02 to 0.40 for IMI. Thus, substantial interdependence between quarters exists which should be accounted for when analysing data from experiments across udder quarters. Failure to do so may result in incorrect inferences from statistical tests. 相似文献
18.
产犊季节、胎次及牛场对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究收集了3个千头以上奶牛场共8872条相关信息,采用多因素方差分析法分析了不同产犊季节、胎次和牛场对泌乳天数、305d校正奶量、305d脂肪产量、305d蛋白产量和全泌乳期产奶量5个泌乳性能指标的影响。结果表明,不同产犊季节、胎次和牛场都极显著影响奶牛的该5项泌乳性能（P〈0．01）。夏季和秋季产犊奶牛的泌乳性能较为理想。夏季产犊奶牛的泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量最高,其他三个泌乳性能指标都位居第二;秋季产犊奶牛的305d校正奶量、脂肪产量和蛋白产量都显著高于其他三个季节（P〈0．05）,泌乳天数和全泌乳期产奶量也仅次于夏季。头胎牛的各项泌乳性能都显著高于其他胎次的奶牛（P〈0．05）,其次为2胎产犊奶牛。随着胎次的增加,泌乳性能的各项指标都有不同程度的降低。不同的牛场极显著地影响奶牛的泌乳性能（P〈0．01）。 相似文献
19.
F. Beaudeau K. Frankena C. Fourichon H. Seegers B. Faye J. P. T. M. Noordhuizen 《Preventive veterinary medicine》1994,19(3-4):213-231
Data from an observational study, carried out during a 4.5 year period (1986–1990), were used to quantify the effects of health disorders on the risk of culling. The study population consisted of 47 commercial Holstein dairy herds from western France, comprising 4123 cows.
Logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between health disorders and early and late culling. Fourteen main health disorders with clinical signs and one subclinical disease were studied: abortion, periparturient accident, calving provided with assistance, digestive disorders, ketosis, locomotor disorders, mastitis, metritis, milk fever, cystic ovaries, respiratory disorders, retained placenta, teat injuries, non-traumatic udder disorders and status with respect to milk somatic cell count. Adjustments were made for year, month of calving, parity, breeding value for milk, best of the two first milk production records and reproductive performance. The possible effects of interactions among variables were also studied. The herd effect was taken into account using random effect models.
Non-traumatic udder disorders, teat injuries, milk fever and the occurrence of both ketosis and assistance at calving were significantly associated with an increased risk of being early culled (odds ratios (OR) ranging from 1.6 to 10.3). Early and late abortion, late metritis, poor peproductive performance, retained placenta, non-traumatic udder disorders within 45 days post-partum and mastitis occurring in the first 3 months of the lactation were positively associated with a late culling (OR ranging from 1.2 to 6.6). Cows with lower breeding value for milk and higher parities were high risk groups for culling. A lower level of milk production and occurrence of both reproductive disorders and poor reproductive performance were risk factors for late culling. 相似文献