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1.
枯草杆菌β-甘露聚糖酶基因的克隆及表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以能水解魔芋葡甘聚糖的野生筛选菌种枯草杆菌A33为材料，通过PCR技术从A33基因组中扩增出β-甘露聚糖酶基因编码序列。经过克隆、测序及BLAST比对分析，证实该基因编码β-甘露聚糖酶，属于β-甘露聚糖酶家族中的一员。该基因已注册GenBank（GenBank注册号：DQ269473）。将该基因构建到大肠杆菌表达载体pET-32a并转入大肠杆菌表达系统BL21（DE3），经过诱导获得了此酶的高效表达. 相似文献
2.
黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因xynB在大肠杆菌中的表达及重组木聚糖酶的特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger) mafic-005中克隆得到木聚糖酶基因xynB。序列分析表明，该基因全长745 bp，含有一个67 bp内含子，编码225个氨基酸，理论分子量为24 kD(GenBank登录号:DQ174549)，与已知黑曲霉xynB基因的同源性均较高。将该基因定向插入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )表达载体pET-28a (+)上，并转化E. coli BL21 获得重组菌株。经过IPTG诱导，xynB基因获得特异性表达。经SDS-PAGE分析，重组蛋白分子量约为30 kD。该重组蛋白经镍NTA琼脂糖凝胶FF纯化后达到电泳纯。酶学性质分析表明，重组木聚糖酶最适温度为40 ℃，最适pH值为5.0，在酸性和常温条件下具有良好的稳定性。 相似文献
3.
疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌糖化酶基因（gla）的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌(Thermomyces laltltginosus)cDNA为模板,克隆了糖化酶基因(gla),序列分析表明gla的开放阅读框由1854个核苷酸组成,编码617个氨基酸.根据氨基酸序列推算该酶的分子量为64 kD,属于糖苷水解酶第15家族,具有该家族催化保守区的典型特征.PCR扩增gla的成熟蛋白编码基因,构建表达载体,经线性化后电击转化导入巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115),并成功进行了表达.重组酶经摇瓶发酵后酶活可达11.6 U/mL,经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换等步骤纯化了该重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE显示该重组蛋白大小约为67kD,比推测的蛋白分子量稍大,可能与该蛋白的糖基化有关.该重组酶的最适反应温度和最适pH值分别为60℃和5.0,该酶具有较高的热稳定性,70℃保温20 min后剩余酶活为54%. 相似文献
4.
5.
青稞OMT1基因克隆及原核表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《核农学报》2017,(12)
类黄酮O-甲基转移酶(FOMT)是一种在植物甲基化黄酮代谢合成中有着重要作用的酶,但在中国青藏高原的特色作物青稞中研究较少。为了更好了解该酶及编码基因在青稞中的生理功能及作用,以高总黄酮青稞品系94-19-1为材料,通过RT-PCR扩增、克隆得到青稞OMT1基因的ORF序列。结果表明,该基因ORF长1 071 bp,编码356个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为38.65 KDa,等电点为5.33。序列比对分析发现,所克隆的基因与NCBI数据库收录的大麦Hv OMT1基因有99.44%的一致性,氨基酸序列存在5个残基差异,编码的蛋白序列具有OMT蛋白家族典型的保守结构域。进一步将该基因连接到原核表达载体转化大肠杆菌,最终成功将该基因所编码的蛋白在大肠杆菌诱导表达,并利用亲和层析柱分离技术,将该表达蛋白进行了纯化。这为进一步研究该酶蛋白功能和选育高品质青稞品种奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
植酸酶高产菌株的筛选及其基因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从土壤中筛选到产植酸酶活性较高的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌株03214，其植酸酶最适pH值为1．5和2．5，最适温度为50℃，植酸酶表达量为345U／mL发酵液。通过对黑曲霉03214植酸酶phyA基因进行PCR扩增，获得了1条长约1．5kb的特异性产物。以pMD18-T为载体，构建了含有目的基因片段的重组质粒。DNA序列测定表明，目的基因片段含有植酸酶phyA基因的完整序列，基因全长1506bp，其中包含一段长102bp的内含子，编码467个氨基酸，有10个潜在的糖基化位点，5′端有一编码19个氨基酸的信号肽序列。实验结果为植酸酶的进一步研究提供了新的材料。 相似文献
7.
本文对33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株进行β-甘露聚糖酶活性筛选,其中的32株具有β-甘露聚糖酶活性,只有1株无β-甘露聚糖酶活性。通过基因克隆测序的方法获得33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株β-甘露聚糖酶基因编码区全序列,对酶基因进行同源性分析并构建系统发育树;在β-甘露聚糖酶基因系统发育树中,33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株聚为3个分支,分别是枯草芽孢杆菌分支、地衣芽孢杆菌分支和解淀粉芽孢杆菌分支;枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌β-甘露聚糖酶基因种内同源性大于91％,而种间同源性为60％～69％。 相似文献
8.
陆秀君 《农业生物技术学报》2007,15(5)
从土壤中分离得到营养期对鳞翅目害虫高毒的Bt LS1菌株。分子检测菌株中存在营养期杀虫蛋白基因，进行了该基因的克隆表达。设计全长基因引物扩增得到了约2.3kb的靶片段；克隆序列分析证实为新Vip3A基因，命名为Vip3A-LS1，GenBank登录号DQ016968，Bt基因命名委员会命名为Vip3Aa22。该基因推导蛋白与其它已知同源蛋白8个氨基酸不同。构建vip3A-LS1基因的表达载体，SDS-PAGE检测约88kD目的蛋白大量表达；生物测定表明，胞内可溶性蛋白对棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾活性最高。纯化蛋白对初孵棉铃虫和甜菜夜蛾的LC50分别为73.6和32.2µg/g。 相似文献
9.
从番茄品种超级大明星中克隆LSm1蛋白同源基因LeLSm1。LeLSm1基因全长cDNA共有1 038个核苷酸,包含一个387个核苷酸的编码区,以及318个核苷酸的5′非编码区和333个核苷酸的3′非编码区,编码一个含128个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子质量为14.5 ku,等电点为4.94。LeLSm1编码的氨基酸序列包含LSm1蛋白的保守功能域,与截形苜蓿、拟南芥和水稻等植物的类似LSm蛋白具有高度的同源性,在氨基酸水平上的一致性依次为82.8%、82.0%和72.1%。用PCR方法克隆了LeLSm1基因,其全长转录区共4 751 bp,其中包含5个外显子和4个内含子。Southern杂交结果显示,LeLSm1是单拷贝基因。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,LeLSm1在番茄五叶期和结果期的根、茎、叶以及花和果实中均有表达,且表达量无明显差异,是一个组成型表达基因。 相似文献
10.
金属硫蛋白-1基因(metallothionein-1,MT-1)是一类广泛存在于动物体内的金属结合蛋白,除维持金属动态平衡和重金属解毒外,还可参与清除自由基、拮抗电离辐射和抗应激等。为深入研究MT-1基因参与动物机体抗逆性的分子机制,本研究采用RT-PCR和RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE)技术获得天祝白牦牛(Bos grunneins)MT-1基因全长cDNA序列,运用生物信息学方法分析MT-1蛋白的理化性质、结构和不同物种间的同源性,并利用RT-qPCR方法分析MT-1基因在天祝白牦牛各个脏器和组织中的表达丰度。结果表明,天祝白牦牛MT-1基因cDNA序列全长为408 bp(GenBank登录号:KF770836),开放阅读框(ORF)长186 bp,编码61个氨基酸,氨基酸的分子量为5.981 kD;氨基酸序列分析显示,天祝白牦牛MT-1基因编码氨基酸序列与牛(Bos taurus)的同源性高达100%,同时与大多数哺乳动物相似;荧光定量PCR结果发现,MT-1 mRNA在天祝白牦牛8个不同脏器和组织中均有表达,心脏中表达量最高。天祝白牦牛MT-1基因的成功克隆为进一步研究该基因的功能提供了基础资料。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献