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1.
用胰蛋白酶处理发病鸡的粪便和肠内容物，接种Marc145细胞，盲传数代后，从山东不同地区发生流行性腹泻的鸡群中分离到轮状病毒，并对分离的轮状病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了部分研究。结果表明病毒粒子的形态呈车轮状、大小为70-80nm；其病毒基因组的电泳图谱为5：1：3：2；病毒在Marc145细胞上传到第9代时的TCID50为10^-4.62／0．1mL；该分离株病毒对氯仿、乙醚有抵抗力；对pH3．0处理60min稳定；50℃ 30min能使其感染力下降10^2；1mol／L MgCl2不能增强其对50℃ 60min的抵抗力。动物回归试验中接种两周龄SPF鸡，24h后陆续发病，表现为持续性水样腹泻，与自然发病相同；剖检可见病鸡脱水、小肠内有大量的液体和气泡、肠粘膜变薄；组织学变化为肠绒毛上皮坏死、脱落，绒毛平均长度减少而隐窝深度增加，固有层中淋巴细胞浸润。其临床症状及病理组织学变化与自然发病相同。因此确定发生在山东鸡流行件腹泻的病原为轮状病毒． 相似文献
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采用鸡胚接种和细胞培养的方法，从广西武鸣县某鹅场患病鹅脑、肝、脾中分离获得了2株病毒；经RT-PCR、HA和HI试验等研究，证实其为鹅副黏病毒。经测定，分离毒23-7-F3株的ELD50为10^-7.25／0．1mL。TCID50为10^-6／0．1mL，MDT为38．8h，ICPI为2。将该分离毒10倍稀释，接种鸡胚成纤维细胞，40h后出现细胞病变，证实该分离毒为强毒株。病毒能凝集鸡、番鸭、鸽、猪、山羊、兔、豚鼠、黄鳝及人O型红细胞。56℃10min、60℃10min、pH4溶液处理1h均不能使该病毒灭活，而50mL／L氯仿处理10min、60℃水浴30min能灭活该病毒。人工感染的11日龄雏鸡全部发病和死亡；感染的10日龄雏鹅60％发病，发病鹅全部死亡；感染的30日龄肉鸽发病率达83．3％(5／6)，死亡率100％。对1日龄肉鸭无致病性。 相似文献
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采用鸭胚尿囊腔接种、盲传的方法从山东某地区以瘫痪为主要特征的雏鸭脑组织中分离到1株病毒,并对分离病毒的生物学特性和理化特性进行了研究。结果显示,该病毒与OenBank上已发表的坦布苏病毒核苷酸同源性均高于98％,最高可达99．7％;病毒的ELD50为10^-3.17／0．2mL,接种9日龄鸭胚,68h左右鸭胚死亡,胚体出血,肝脏肿大出血,尿囊膜增厚;病毒对胰蛋白酶、酸、氯仿和热敏感,0．5％的胰蛋白酶、pH〈5和4．8％的氯仿条件下可将其灭活,56℃水浴20min或60℃水浴15min可将其灭活,37℃处理24h毒力由10^-3.17／0．2mL下降至10^-1.8／0．2mL;Mg2＋不能提高病毒在50℃60min的稳定性;病毒未经酸碱处理不具有凝集鸡、鸭、鸽等红细胞的特性。接种7日龄雏鸭,48h后陆续发病,表现为病毒性脑炎;剖检变化为雏鸭脑水肿,脑部毛细血管充血、肝脏出血、腺胃出血、肺出血水肿,临床表现与自然发病相同。结果表明,该病毒分离株为坦布苏病毒。 相似文献
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鸭冠状病毒的分离目前国内外尚无报道．我们将回归发病鸭的肠粪及肠内容物处理后，经羊膜腔、尿囊腔接种１２～１４日龄鸭胚，３７℃培养４８小时后取羊水和尿囊液继代，将第５代的鸭胚羊水、尿囊液混合（称ＤＣＶ５）并对其进行系统鉴定，结果表明；该病毒在鸭胚；其ＴＣＩＤ５０为５．０，电镜负染观察多呈不规整的圆形，直径８０～１２０ｎｍ。有囊腹，病毒粒子外周有花瓣样突起。核酸型为ＲＮＡ型，对乙醚敏感、５６℃１５分钟即可使其失去感染性，在ｐＨ３条件下室温３小时仍保持一定活力，该毒接种幼鸭可引起幼鸭腹泻症状，接种幼鸡和火鸡不引起任何症状。 相似文献
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从山东某鸡场的产蛋下降而无其他典型ND症状的高抗体蛋鸡群中分离到一株病毒。经过试验鉴定．该分离株具有血凝性，且可被ND标准阳性血清所抑制和中和，不能被AI（H5亚型与H9亚型）标准阳性血清抑制；该病毒的最小致死量病毒致死鸡胚的平均时间（MDT）为50．4，1日龄SPF鸡脑内接种分离病毒致病指数（ICPI）为1．85，6周龄SPF鸡静脉接种致病指数（WPI）为2．42，回归试验鸡出现了新城疫症状和病变，该病毒株确定为新城疫病毒强毒型，并暂命名为ShD-dzh04。 相似文献
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2022年8月中旬，湖南永州某猪场暴发仔猪腹泻病例，发病仔猪死亡率较高，常规抗生素治疗基本无效。观察病猪临床症状、病理剖检，并采集肠组织样品进行细菌分离和常见腹泻相关病原分子检测，确定该病由猪流行性腹泻病毒和轮状病毒混合感染引起；进一步扩增并分析PEDV S1和PoRV VP7基因序列发现该场流行的PEDV毒株为变异株，PoRV毒株属于G9型。其后根据诊断结果采取系列防控措施，经过科学防治，该病得到有效控制。 相似文献
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采用鸡胚接种法从山东省的潍坊、烟台、青岛、淄博、滨州、东营、聊城、济宁、临沂、日照、德州等地分离到32株有血凝性的病毒，经HA、HI试验及血清中和接种鸡胚试验，27株被确定为新城疫病毒，其中25株来自于发病鸡群．2株来自从发病鸡场中捕捉的麻雀。参照国际上规定的新城疫病毒毒力判定标准及其方法，测定27株新城疫病毒的鸡胚最小致死量平均死亡时间(MDT)为37．6～56．8h；1日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)为1．74～1．92；6周龄鸡静脉注射致病指数(IVPI)为2．11～2．70。测定结果表明：27株新城疫病毒为新城疫强毒。用27株分离的新城疫病毒接种14日龄新城疫非免疫鸡，其发病率为100％，病死率为70％～90％。调查统计发生鸡新城疫的肉仔鸡群的有关情况。调查结果表明：鸡新城疫在山东省的潍坊、烟台、青岛、淄博、滨州、东营、聊城、济宁、临沂、日照、德州等地存在不同程度的流行，且一年四季均可出现，其中冬天出现的频率最高(12／25)。多种日龄的鸡均可发生鸡新城疫，其主要的发病日龄为20～40日龄，10日龄以内的雏鸡亦可发病，死亡率有时超过70％。而且发病鸡的发病日龄越小，死亡率越高。 相似文献
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鸡传染性支气管炎病毒LH2/01/10的分离鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2001年在我国黑龙江省某鸡场疑似鸡传染性支气管炎的发病鸡群中，分离到一株病毒，将该病毒接种10日龄SPF鸡胚，取72h的尿囊液进行电镜观察并用1％胰酶处理，结果发现尿囊液中存在典型的冠状病毒，用胰酶处理过的尿囊液能凝集SPF鸡的红细胞，初步鉴定为鸡的传染性支气管炎病毒。将该病毒尿囊液再次接种10日龄SPF’鸡胚，通过病毒对鸡胚的致病作用、病毒超微形态特征以及病毒凝集鸡红细胞的特性等对该毒株进行研究，结果表明：经胰酶处理后的病毒尿囊液可凝集鸡红细胞。鸡胚的第二代病毒尿囊液(命名为LH2,／01／10)分别接种1日龄和15日龄的SPF鸡，发现对不同日龄的鸡表现不同的致病性，对1日龄接种鸡和同笼饲养的同居对照鸡致病力高，发病率为11／11，致死率分别为4／6和2／5；15日龄接种和同居感染鸡发病率为9／9，致死率分别为1／5和1／4。实验应用反转录一聚合酶链式反应技术对LH2／01／10的膜蛋白基因进行扩增、克隆和序列测定，结果表明该基因具有IBVM基因的共有分子特征．与IBV标准株M41的M基因核苷酸的同源性为90％，氨基酸的同源性为91％。这从分子水平进一步证实引起鸡群死亡的病毒为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。 相似文献
11.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
13.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664