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中国的母猪年生产力在不断提高,但与养殖业发达国家相比仍有较大差距。母猪的繁殖泌乳性能有多个影响因素,其中,近年来发现氧化应激及肠道菌群结构对母猪代谢及生产性能关联密切,文章结合国内外研究进展,对母猪繁殖泌乳性能的影响因素,氧化应激及肠道菌群对母猪繁殖泌乳性能的影响进行综述,以期对提高母猪年生产力提供新的调控靶点。 相似文献
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酵母水解物在母猪生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国饲料》2018,(23)
酵母水解物作为一种饲料添加剂广泛用于母猪生产,它在增强免疫、提高繁殖性能和泌乳性能等方面发挥重要作用。本文就酵母水解物对母猪的繁殖性能、泌乳性能、肠道健康、抗氧化以及机体免疫的影响进行综述,以期为酵母水解物在实际生产中的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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Sow line differences in heat stress tolerance expressed in reproductive performance traits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate if there were differences in the relation between temperature and reproductive performance traits in 2 different sow lines, a Yorkshire line producing mainly in temperate climates and a Large White line producing mainly in warm climates, and 2) to determine the upper critical temperature (UCT) for the reproductive performance of these 2 lines. Sows are exposed to heat stress when temperature exceeds the UCT of the thermo-neutral zone. Data included 32,631 observations on reproductive performance from 11,935 sows on 20 farms in Spain, collected from 2003 to 2005. Sows belonged to 2 different purebred sow lines, named D (Yorkshire sow line, producing mainly in temperate climates) and I (Large White sow line, producing mainly in warm climates). Only first insemination records per parity were used and were combined with the maximum outside temperature at day of insemination. Upper critical temperatures were studied for 3 reproduction traits: farrowing rate (0 or 1), litter size (range from 1 to 25), and total number of piglets born per first insemination (combination of farrowing rate and litter size, range from 0 to 25). Data were corrected for fixed effects, which included parity, service sire, and an interaction between farm and year. Corrected data were used as observations in the models to study the effect of outside temperature on reproductive performance. Two models were compared for goodness of fit: a linear regression model and a plateau-linear model with the plateau representing the thermo-neutral zone and a linear decrease above that zone. Farrowing rate of I-line sows was not affected by temperature. For litter size and total number born per first insemination of I-line sows no UCT could be estimated. These traits were linearly affected by temperature. For all 3 reproduction traits of the D-line the best model was the plateau-linear model; the UCT for the D-line sows was estimated to be 19.2 degrees C for farrowing rate, 21.7 degrees C for litter size, and 19.6 degrees C for total number born per first insemination. The decrease in reproductive performance of I-line sows with increasing outside temperature was less than in D-line sows. From this study it can be concluded that there are differences in heat stress tolerance between sow lines as measured by the differences in reproductive performance. These differences are an indication of genetic differences in heat stress tolerance in sow lines. 相似文献
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影响母猪繁殖性能的营养因素及调控措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来随着中国养猪业不断规模化、集约化的发展,如何提高母猪的繁殖性能已成为养猪行业的热点。母猪的繁殖性能受遗传、营养、环境、健康状况等因素综合影响,其中营养因素是十分重要的因素之一。在母猪饲养管理的不同阶段采取一些简单可行的营养学方法,会显著提高母猪繁殖性能。作者在分析影响母猪繁殖性能的营养因素的基础上,提出了在母猪不同饲养阶段所采取的营养调控措施。 相似文献
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Jun Chen Ji Guo Wu-tai Guan Jun-Jie Song Zi-Xiao Deng Lin Cheng Yue-Lin Deng Fang Chen Shi-Hai Zhang Yin-Zi Zhang Fei Yang Chun-Xiao Ren Chao-Xian Wang 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(5):973-982
A 2?×?2 factorial arrangement (rearing room with or without pad-fan cooling?×?diet with or without 2.5 kg/t organic acid) was used to evaluate the effect of pad-fan cooling and dietary organic acid supplementation during perinatal period on reproductive performance and antioxidant status of sows in hot weather. This study was conducted in a subtropical city in Guangdong Province in South China between August and October, 2015. At day 85 of gestation, a total of 112 sows were randomly assigned to the four treatments with 28 sows per treatment, and maintained until day 21 of lactation, and the feeding trial lasted for 51 days. During the experimental period, room temperature and humidity were recorded hourly. The lactation feed intake of sows (P?=?0.109) and stillbirths (P <?0.05) increased when the sows were reared in the room with the pad-fan cooling against the room without pad-fan cooling. The number of weak newborns per litter and the malondialdehyde content in days 14 and 21 milk decreased (P <?0.05), while the lactation feed intake of sows, weaned litter weights, and individual pig weights increased when the sows were fed the organic acid (P <?0.05). In conclusion, pad-fan cooling in rearing room improved the lactation feed intake of sows, and dietary organic acid supplementation improved reproductive performance and milk antioxidant status of sows. Pad-fan cooling is recommended in farrowing room, but not in gestating room. 相似文献
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提高母猪繁殖利用率的综合技术措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从建立和保持合理结构的母猪群体，及时淘汰生产性能低的母猪，加强母猪各饲养阶段的管理，严格控制繁殖阻碍性疫病等方面，总结了提高母猪繁殖利用率的相关技术措施，并提出了有效增加母猪窝产仔数的技术措施，对提高母猪生产具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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一氧化氮（NO）既是妊娠期母体和胎儿体内平衡的关键调节因子，也是促进母体心血管变化、胎儿发育和生长以及适应宫内外生活的重要物质。精氨酸（Arg）与高精氨酸（h-Arg）是一对同源氨基酸，h-Arg是非必需的阳离子氨基酸，其可能由赖氨酸分解代谢或其前体Arg的氨基转移合成。它们均为NO的前体物质，对孕体具有相似的功能。在母猪妊娠期补饲Arg或h-Arg，能够增加孕体NO的含量。NO通过调控激素、血管的生成与增加养分供给等增加胚胎附植、减少胚胎死亡、增强胎儿发育，进而改善胎儿宫内发育受限（IUGR）与母猪繁殖性能。随着妊娠的进行，孕体氧化代谢增加，会产生大量的自由基。Arg或h-Arg代谢产生的NO通过上调Nrf2通路刺激谷胱甘肽（GSH）代谢相关基因的表达，增强孕体抗氧化能力，保证孕体与胎儿的健康发育。作者针对母猪妊娠期补充Arg或h-Arg，通过其代谢产物NO改善母猪IUGR、提高繁殖性能、增强机体抗氧化能力的作用与可能存在的机制进行综述，旨在为Arg与h-Arg在妊娠母猪上的应用提供理论支持。 相似文献
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应用促排卵素提高母猪繁殖性能试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用不同的促排卵素（ＬＲＨＡ２、ＬＲＨＡ３）应用于母猪,就其繁殖性能进行试验,筛选出最佳的促排卵素为ＬＲＨＡ２;最佳剂量为每头母猪在配种前０～８小时一次肌注２００微克;对正常繁殖的母猪使用ＬＲＨＡ２能提高窝平活产仔数１６４头（Ｐ＜００１）;对具有繁殖障碍的母猪,使用ＬＲＨＡ２能恢复繁殖功能,提高一次情期受胎率达９２６％（Ｐ＜００５）。 相似文献
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为优化母猪繁殖效率,探究妊娠期不同背膘厚对母猪繁殖性能和分娩产程的影响,本研究以广西某公司2 969头大白母猪和1 787头长白母猪为试验群体,收集2017年1月至2017年10月妊娠期3个阶段(妊娠30、80和107 d)背膘厚与分娩接产记录数据,分析背膘厚与分娩产程、总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重等性状的关系。研究结果表明,大白母猪分娩产程时间显著短于长白母猪(P<0.05),大白母猪总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重显著优于长白母猪(P<0.05)。在妊娠30 d时,背膘厚在18～20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大;背膘厚在18～20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高。在妊娠80 d时,背膘厚≥20 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大、产程最短;背膘厚在16～18 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较高、母猪产程较短。在妊娠107 d时,背膘厚在14～16 mm组的大白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重最大,但母猪产程与其他组差异不显著(P>0.05);背膘厚≥20 mm组的长白母猪总产仔数和产活仔数最高,且初生窝重较大。妊娠期背膘厚减少1～2 mm的大白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较小,产程较长。而背膘厚减少>2 mm的长白母猪,其总产仔数和产活仔数最高,初生窝重较大,产程较短。上述试验结果说明,在母猪妊娠期间,合适的背膘厚可有效提高母猪繁殖性能和母猪分娩期间的福利水平。养殖场可以根据营养配方和猪群品种建立背膘数据库,通过精准饲喂将母猪背膘厚调整至最佳范围,同时合理控制妊娠期背膘变化。 相似文献
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Reproductive Performance of Native Pulawska and High Productivity Polish Landrace Sows in the Context of Stress During the Period of Early Pregnancy 
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下载免费PDF全文 M Babicz M Szyndler‐Nędza E Skrzypczak A Kasprzyk 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(1):91-97
Experiments revealed that it is necessary to get rid of genotypes RYR1C/T and RYR1T/T because of problems with meat quality and reproduction of gilts and sows. This phenomenon, however, is of individual nature and is characterized by high variability. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of stressogenic factors in native Pu?awska and high productivity Polish Landrace breed sows during the period of low pregnancy on reproductive performance and maternal behaviour. Sows in the 2nd reproduction cycle were assigned into groups of five animals as follows: control (C) of RYR1 C/C genotype and experimental (E) of RYR1 C/T genotype. In all, 30 Pu?awska breed sows and 30 PL breed sows were analysed. During the early stage of pregnancy (days 42–84), experimental groups were subjected to the action of stressogenic factors: elevated temperature, noisy and rough treatment of sows by service personnel and immobilization stress. The effect of stressogenic factors was referred to the reproductive performance of sows. Pu?awska and PL breed sows from the experimental groups were subjected to the evaluation of maternal traits on the basis of perinatal behaviour determined with the help of an ethogram. Analysis of the results of reproduction and the behaviour of the sows confirmed the higher resistance to stressogenic factors of the Pu?awska breed. The performed analysis of reproduction and behaviour confirmed that heterozygotic genotypes in the RYR1 locus exhibited less advantageous reproduction, which corroborates the hypothesis about a negative impact of the T allele on swine productivity. 相似文献