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1.
张俊芳  杜娟  陈柯  杨洪  宁黔冀 《水产学报》2020,44(4):575-580
为了深入探究KK-42对表皮结构的影响,本实验以外表皮形成趋于结束而内表皮开始出现的蜕皮后期幼虾为材料,通过扫描电镜观察石蜡切片法,分析了KK-42处理前后头胸甲外表皮,尤其是内表皮结构的变化。将处于蜕皮间期的健康幼虾[体长(3.5±0.1)cm]随机分为2组,分别用1.95×10^-4 mol/L的KK-42溶液和不含KK-42的溶液处理,取蜕皮后1.5、3.0、6.0及12.0 h幼虾头胸甲,观察其超微结构。另取蜕皮后6.0 h头胸甲,用解剖刀轻轻刮去内面组织,通过扫描电镜观察内表皮的表面结构。结果显示,蜕皮后1.5和3.0 h,头胸甲只包含上表皮和外表皮,KK-42处理组外表皮的板层数量显著增加,外表皮厚度分别比相应对照组提高了72.07%和38.67%;蜕皮后6.0~12.0 h,外表皮中疏松的板层趋于致密,其厚度在二组间无统计学差异。蜕皮后6.0 h,只有1层板层的内表皮出现,到蜕皮后12.0 h,板层数增至2层(对照组)和3层(处理组),且板层结构均疏松。此外,内表皮表面分布着大小不等、头尾走向的梭形孔道(pore canals);KK-42处理组内表皮结构未见明显变化。实验表明,KK-42对蜕皮后期日本沼虾幼虾头胸甲的超微结构有显著影响,能加快外表皮及内表皮板层的形成速率。  相似文献   

2.
为探讨咪唑类物质KK-42促进凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeaus vannamei)生长的分子机制,本研究克隆出与蜕皮和生长相关的CYP4V18基因的全序列,研究了该基因的时空表达,并结合测定血淋巴20-羟基蜕皮甾酮(20E)滴度。将体长3.5～5.0 cm凡纳滨对虾幼虾随机分为2组,分别用1.95×10-4mol/L的KK-42溶液或不含KK-42的溶液浸泡处理1 min,之后在相同条件下常规饲养。CYP4V18 mRNA水平定量分析采用real-time PCR,血淋巴中20E滴度测定采用反相高效液相色谱法。结果显示,CYP4V18开放阅读框为1 545 bp,编码515个氨基酸,包含CYP450保守序列;系统进化显示,CYP4V18与CYP4家族基因的亲缘关系最近。CYP4V18 mRNA水平在肝胰腺最高,分别是脑、Y-器官和肌肉的4、26和32倍。KK-42处理可显著抑制CYP4V18表达,在第2、4和6天分别降低了72.3%(P<0.05)、82.6%(P<0.05)和187.7%(P<0.01)。与同期对照组相比,KK-42处理之后血淋巴20E滴度在第2、4和6天分别升高1.7%、6.5%和13.5%。结果表明,KK-42可显著抑制凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺CYP4V18转录,升高血淋巴20E滴度,这可能是KK-42促生长机制之一。  相似文献   

3.
The nutritional response of Litopenaeus schmitti larvae to substitution of Chaetoceros muelleri by Spirulina platensis meal (SPM) was evaluated. The substitution levels (S) were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, dry weight basis. Final larval length (FL) ranged from 1.98 to 3.16 mm for the different substitution levels. There was a significant relationship between S and FL, described by the following quadratic equation: FL = 2.853 + 0.01598S − 0.000233S2. The substitution level (S) yielding maximum FL was 34.2%. Development index (DI) values ranged from 2.84 to 3.93 and were dependent on substitution level. The corresponding equation was DI = 3.799 + 0.00945S − 0.000189S2 (P < 0.01). Maximum DI was obtained at 25.0% substitution. Survival was high (82–87%) and no significant differences were found between treatments. Protein digestibility of either microalgae was high, with 92% for SPM and 94% for C. muelleri, with no significant differences between them. The results in this study indicate that an adequate balance of nutrients in relation to the requirements of the species is critical. To simultaneously improve FL and DI, a 30% substitution of C. muelleri by SPM is suggested. This is equivalent to feeding 0.15 mg larvae− 1 day− 1 dry weight basis of a 70% C. muelleri/30% SPM diet, representing 0.078 mg protein larvae− 1 day− 1, 0.026 mg lipids larvae− 1 day− 1 and 2.732 J larvae− 1 day− 1.  相似文献   

4.
保幼激素拮抗物KK-42对凡纳滨对虾(Penaeus schmitti)的生长具有显著的促进作用,并已在大塘养殖中得到推广应用,但其作用机制尚不清楚.为给今后科学合理地使用KK-42提供理论依据,本研究对直接调节甲壳动物生长的重要激素甲基法呢P(MF)合成的关键酶--法呢酸O-甲基转移酶(FAMeT)的时空表达以及KK-42对其表达的影响进行探讨.将体长3.5～5.0 cm凡纳滨对虾幼虾随机分为2组,分别用1.95×10~4 mol/L的KK-42溶液或不含KK-42的溶液浸泡处理1min,之后在相同条件下常规饲养.不同组织中FAMeT mRNA水平定量分析采用real-time PCR,血淋巴中MF滴度测定采用正相高效液相色谱法.结果显示,对照组FAMeT在眼柄、肌肉组织中的表达模式与大颚器官明显不同:在实验观察期间,前者组织中mRNA水平相对较低且变化较小,而在大颚器官则出现明显的波动,第2天、6天、7天、8天FAMeT mRNA含量比第0天均增加1倍以上(P<0.01).实验期间血淋巴中MF滴度逐渐升高.KK-42处理后,上述3个组织中FAMeT表达均出现不同程度下调,尤以大颚器官最为显著,mRNA水平降低19.7%～63.4%(第8天除外);KK-42处理也导致MF滴度下降.研究表明,KK-42可显著抑制凡纳滨对虾眼柄、肌肉、特别是大颚器官FAMeT转录,降低血淋巴MF滴度,这可能是其促生长的机制之一.  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT:   The ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by immersion was examined. After immersion for one hour into a sGH-rich solution at a concentration of 30 mg/L, the sGH immunoreactivity in the body fluid of abalone was maximal after one day, and levels were still detectable at two days. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following immersion for one hour at one or two-week intervals for 120 weeks into the sGH-rich solution at 30 mg/L, the sGH-immersed abalone exhibited a significant increase in shell length and body weight. On the other hand, abalone immersed into a salmon prolactin (sPRL)-rich solution at 30 mg/L for one hour showed a lower increase in both shell length and body weight than the sGH-immersed abalone. No increases in shell length and body weight were observed in either the bovine serum albumin-immersed abalone or untreated controls. These results provide evidence that sGH can be transported from ambient water into the circulatory system of abalone, and can subsequently improve the somatic growth of juveniles.  相似文献   

6.
为进一步探究KK-42缩短蜕皮周期的分子机制,本研究以日本沼虾幼虾为材料,通过RACE技术克隆了几丁质降解途径中的限速酶基因NAGase c DNA全长序列,定量测定了KK-42处理不同时间对头胸甲表皮组织中NAGase m RNA相对表达量和对应酶活力的影响。序列分析结果显示,NAGase c DNA全长2 536 bp,编码617个氨基酸。同源性分析显示,NAGase基因保守性较低,与凡纳滨对虾的相似度最高,仅为68%。系统进化分析显示,日本沼虾、三疣梭子蟹、凡纳滨对虾、中国明对虾聚为一个大类,凡纳滨对虾和中国明对虾亲缘关系更为接近,日本沼虾单列一个分支。Real-time PCR分析表明,NAGase相对表达量在蜕皮前D_0期达到峰值;KK-42处理后3 h,D_4期的相对表达量是对照组的253%,处理后6 h,C期和D_0期较对照组分别提高了226%和187%。NAGase酶活力从C期到D_4期逐渐提高,KK-42处理能明显提高C和D_0期NAGase酶活力,尤其对C期的影响最为显著,在处理后3、6和12 h分别提高了11.26、5.99、7.15倍。结果提示,KK-42对日本沼虾表皮NAGase的诱导效应可能是其缩短蜕皮周期的分子机制之一。  相似文献   

7.
Fish landings in Porto Seguro, in the eastern Brazilian coast, were monitored from September 1997 to August 1999 to describe the predominant species caught, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) and patterns of yields according to depth and season. A total of 223.5 t from 352 fishing trips made by a fleet of 53 boats was monitored. The fishery is conducted at depths from 20 to 150 m. The number of commercially valuable species caught was high (n=53). Snappers (Ocyurus chrysurus, Lutjanus analis and L. jocu) made up 38% of total catch. Pelagic species such as Coryphaena hippurus, Seriola dumerili, Thunnus albacares and T. atlanticus accounted for 43% while groupers, mainly Mycteroperca bonaci, represented 10%. Relative abundance of these target species was strongly dependent (P<0.001) upon depth and season. Higher yields of O. chrysurus (>20 kg/fisher per day) were observed between 20 and 40 m, from April to June. During spring–summer, yields of oceanic pelagic species increased rapidly, and catches of C. hippurus (40 kg/fisher per day) rose from November to January.  相似文献   

8.
The ability of Loligo opalescens paralarvae to resist and recover from starvation was examined by measuring their survival, growth rate and RNA/DNA ratios during starvation and refeeding. Paralarvae were fed Artemia sp. nauplii, zooplankton and mysid shrimp. Fourteen days after hatching they were separated into five feeding treatments: a control treatment (food was always available) and treatments starved for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days, and then refed. Each day, 5–7 paralarvae from each treatment were anesthetized to measure mantle length and wet weight (WW), and then RNA and DNA were extracted using an ethidium bromide fluorometric technique. Paralarvae did not survive 4 and 5 days of starvation, showing that at 15 days of age and at 16 °C the limit to recovery was 3 days of starvation. Paralarvae starved for 2 and 3 days showed compensatory growth that mitigated the effects of starvation, in that at the end of the experiment (10 days), they attained mean final body weights similar to the control treatment. Differences in the RNA/DNA ratios between control and starved paralarvae were detected within 2 days of food deprivation. For paralarvae starved 2 and 3 days, it took 1 day after refeeding to attain RNA/DNA ratios not significantly different from the control treatment. Additionally, RNA/DNA ratios were highest during the day (0800, 1200, 1600 h) and lowest at night (0000, 0400 h), suggesting daytime feeding activity. Growth rates ranged from − 14% to 21% WW day− 1 and the resulting equation between RNA/DNA ratio and growth rate (GR) of paralarvae was GR = 1.74 RNA/DNA − 11.79 (R2 = 0.70). After starvation, there was a reduction in growth variability in all starved treatments, while growth variability remained high in the control treatment. Findings from the present study indicate that nucleic acids are a valid indicator of nutritional condition and growth in squid paralarvae.  相似文献   

9.
Discarding of fish species in the Kattegat-Skagerrak Nephrops directed fisheries remains at high levels. In this work we have tested four sets of codends pair-wise with the catch comparison technique under full commercial conditions to assess their potential in reducing the catch of undersized commercial species, in particular cod. We investigate the position of a 90 mm square-mesh panel (SMP), the effect of increasing the mesh size from 90 to 120 mm in the SMP, the effect of inserting a 90 mm SMP in an 80 mm codend and the effect of increasing the codend mesh size from 90 to 120 mm in a total of 89 hauls. Inserting the SMP 3–6 m from the codline compared to 6–9 m from the codline, reduced catches of cod above the minimum landing size (MLS) and Nephrops above and below the MLS. Increasing the mesh size in the SMP from 90 to 120 mm increased the catch of cod above the MLS in weight with an overall increase of 12% in the revenue. The effect of installing a 90 mm SMP 6–9 m from the codline in a nominal 80 mm codend had no effect on the catch of cod. Increasing the nominal codend mesh size from 90 to 120 mm reduced the catch of all species below the MLS, except monkfish. Catches of Nephrops above the MLS were, however, reduced by approximately one third and the total loss in revenue was 21%.  相似文献   

10.
NORIYUKI  HORIE  TOMOKO  UTOH  YOSHIAKI  YAMADA  AKIHIRO  OKAMURA  HUAN  ZHANG  NAOMI  MIKAWA  ATSUSHI  AKAZAWA  SATORU  TANAKA  HIDEO P  OKA 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(5):972-983
Development of embryos and larvae in the common Japanese conger Conger myriaster was observed after artificial fertilization. Eggs were obtained from females matured artificially by hormone injections and milt was obtained from males matured naturally. Fertilized eggs were kept in seawater at 12–14°C. The first cleavage occurred at 4 h, epiboly began at 24 h, the embryonic body was formed at 38 h and hatching occurred at 84 h after insemination. Newly hatched larvae were approximately 2.5 mm (total length) and similar to those of Anguilla japonica in terms of external features. The mouth and anus opened on the 7th day after hatching. Pigments began to appear at the tip of the tail on the 10th day. The total length of the larvae reached approximately 8 mm on the 11th day. Eye pigmentation began on the 14th day. One larva lived for 19 days without food.  相似文献   

11.
A simple indoor recirculating system for production of juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) was operated on a commercial scale for 90 days during winter. The system consists of three 70 m3 sea cucumber rearing tanks and one biofilter tank where macroalgae (Ulva pertusa) was used as a biofilter in order to reduce water requirements. Effluent from the sea cucumber tanks drained into the macroalgae biofilter tank and were then returned to the sea cucumber tanks by a discontinuous-flow recirculation system. Survival and growth rates in the sea cucumber culture tanks were similar to those in the control tank (with one water exchange per day). The survival rate averaged about 87%. The average body weight increased from 3.5 ± 0.3 g to 8.1 ± 0.8 g and total sea cucumber biomass production over the experimental period was 745 g m−2 after initial stocking densities of 375 g m−2. The growth rate of U. pertusa was 3.3% day−1. U. pertusa was efficient in removing toxic ammonia and in maintaining the water quality within acceptable levels for sea cucumber culture; there were only small daily variations of temperature, pH and DO. The U. pertusa tank removed 68% of the TAN (total ammonia-nitrogen) and 26% of the orthophosphate from the sea cucumber culture effluent; the macroalgae biofilter removed ammonia at an average rate of 0.459 g N m−2 day−1. It would be efficient to use the U. pertusa biofilter in a recirculating system for production of A. japonicus juveniles in winter.  相似文献   

12.
Humpback grouper take a long time to grow to marketable size. In this study, recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus growth hormone (rElGH) was applied orally and by intraperitoneal injection to accelerate their growth. Daily application of crude rElGH at a dose of 50 mg kg?1 in commercial diet for 42 days or with injections of 0.2 μg rElGH g?1 total body weight every 2 weeks resulted in significant increases in growth performance, protein and lipid content, plasma glucose, liver glycogen and innate immunity compared to control groups. Relative weight gain from the oral and injection doses above compared to C? (Control negative, only commercial diet without rElGH treatment or chemical substances related to treatment, either for oral or injection route) were 40.25% and 38.77%, respectively. There was no specific histological damage to the kidneys, liver or spleen that was attributable to rElGH administration. These results strongly suggested that the stimulation of growth and immunity following oral and intraperitoneal administration was due to a specific action of rElGH and that recombinant GH is safe for fish consumption.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT:   Two test diets with and without 5% Porphyra spheroplasts (PS) were formulated using white fishmeal as the main protein source. Red sea bream Pagrus major (mean body weight 15.4 ± 0.1 g) were maintained in a flow-through system (100 L) of thermo-controlled sea water (salinity 32–34, 25°C, 8 L/min) with ordinary aeration (400–600 mL/min) under laboratory light conditions (light–dark 12 h:12 h). Fish were fed three times a day at 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 hours by hand for 42 days at 6% body weight on each experimental diet. Studies revealed that growth performance, survival and nutrient retention were significantly ( P  < 0.05) higher in the groups fed a diet containing spheroplasts (PS diet). Further, the fish fed the PS diet showed significantly ( P  < 0.05) lower feed conversion rates. Both groups of the PS and control diets had similar levels of body nutritional profile in terms of proximate compositions and fatty acids without compromising blood serum related parameters. From these experimental results, thus, it is comprehensible that a supplementary diet containing Porphyra spheroplasts can be used for maximizing not only growth of P. major but also for utilization of the feed ingredients.  相似文献   

14.
The present study examines the effects of inbreeding and crossing on various quantitative traits in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. Effects of inbreeding and crossing were examined in six quantitative traits; body length at birth, survival at day 120, undwarf rate at day 120, body length at day 120, salinity tolerance and high temperature tolerance. Full-sib matings revealed that the amount of inbreeding depression varied from −1.0% to 24.6% among the traits and a significant decrease in survival at day 120 and salinity tolerance was observed. This result indicates that inbreeding reduces the performance for some of the quantitative traits but not all. On the other hand, crosses between genetically different strains showed that the amount of heterosis varied from −1.3% to 42.2% among the six quantitative traits and a significant increase in survival at day 120 and salinity tolerance was observed. The relationship between the amount of inbreeding depression and heterosis supports the theory that the phenomenon of heterosis is the reverse of inbreeding depression, indicating that the traits which have decreased by inbreeding can be recovered by means of crossing.  相似文献   

15.
李昕  夏西超  宁黔冀 《水产学报》2011,35(10):1458-1462
为探讨咪唑类物质KK-42可能的作用机制,首次克隆了热激蛋白90(HSP90)部分mRNA序列,研究了HSP90以及HSP70基因的时空表达以及KK-42对其表达的影响。将体长3.5～5.0 cm凡纳滨对虾幼虾随机分为2组,分别用1.95×10-4 mol/L的KK-42溶液或不含KK-42的溶液浸泡处理1 min,之后在相同条件下常规饲养。结果显示, HSP90和HSP70在凡纳滨对虾大颚器官、眼柄、肌肉和肝胰腺都有表达,其中,肝胰腺中的表达水平较高。实验期间,肝胰腺中两种HSP mRNA水平虽有一定波动,但含量相对较低;KK-42处理可显著诱导肝胰腺HSP的表达,在处理后第1、2、3天,HSP70和HSP90 mRNA含量分别比相应的对照组升高了243.4%、141.3%、410.5%和121.6%、505.5%、481.7%。结果表明,KK-42处理可显著提高凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺HSP90和HSP70基因的转录水平。  相似文献   

16.
The effect of water temperature on growth and food intake of juvenile peled Coregonus peled was tested with specimens of initial age 75 days and 230 days posthatching (dph). The 75‐day group (initial body weight 0.6 ± 0.04 g) were reared for 63 days and 230‐day group (initial body weight 13.75 ± 2.93 g) for 42 days at temperatures of 13, 16, 19, 22 and 25°C under 12:12 L:D photoperiod. The optimal temperature range for the 75 dph fish was found to be 19–22°C. The fish reached final mean weight of 9.7 ± 2.5 g at 19°C and 9.0 ± 2.7 g at 22°C. Final mean weight of 230 dph fish did not differ significantly among temperature groups. Mortality increased at higher temperatures, with the critical temperature of 25°C for both age groups. Maximum food intake (19.0 ± 4.7, 18.8 ± 5.2, 18.6 ± 4.6 g kg?1biomass) was observed in groups reared at temperatures of 19, 22 and 25°C with no significant differences among groups.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluated the use of tuna by‐product meal (TBM), a locally produced feed ingredient, as a replacement for fish meal (FM) in diets for spotted rose snapper, Lutjanus guttatus. Six isonitrogenous compounds [480 kg?1 crude protein (CP) and isoenergetic diets (21 kJ g?1)] were formulated to replace 0 (D‐0%), 10 (D‐10%), 20 (D‐20%), 30 (D‐30%), 40 (D‐40% or 50% (D‐50%) of FM protein with TBM protein. Each diet was fed to four replicate groups of spotted rose snapper (initial weight 5.4 g ± 0.04 g) to apparent satiation three times a day. After 8 weeks of feeding, the fish gained 4–5 times their initial weight. Spotted rose snapper fed D‐30% had a significantly higher specific growth rate (2.7% day?1) than fish fed the other diets containing lower or higher amounts of TBM. Haematological parameters and whole‐body proximate composition were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). The ADC for protein and energy in D‐0%, D‐20% and D‐30% were significantly higher than those for the D‐40% and D‐50% groups. A broken line model indicated that 262 g kg?1 TBM in the diet would yield maximum growth of the spotted rose snapper. The results of this study demonstrate that TBM is an acceptable ingredient for replacing 25–30% of dietary protein from FM in spotted rose snapper diets but that higher replacement levels reduce fish performance.  相似文献   

18.
This study evaluated three different pond‐based production systems for raising largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, for the food fish market, using nine 0.04‐ha ponds. Treatments included traditional ponds (TP), intensively aerated ponds (IAP), and split‐pond systems (SPS). TP and SPS ponds were aerated at 9.3 kW/ha, while IAP was aerated at 18.6 kW/ha. TP was stocked at 7,500 fish per ha (three replicates per treatment), and the other two production systems (SPS, IAP) were stocked with 12,500 fish per ha. Feed‐habituated advanced fingerlings (128 ± 47.6 g mean individual weight) were cultured for 157 days. Fish were fed a formulated diet (42% protein, 16% lipid) four times a day, feeding with a maximum allowance of 3% of total body weight and readjusted to the initial body weight biweekly. Fish raised in the SPS displayed a significantly lower specific growth rate, lower individual final weight, and lower weight gain, but the biomass gained was significantly higher than TP but not IAP. Final biomass gained was 50% higher in the SPS and IAP than in the TP. Survival rate and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different among treatments and ranged from 71 to 79% and 1.64 to 2.14, respectively.  相似文献   

19.
One-year-old immature green turtles (500–900 g) were kept at 25°C in recirculating seawater. When deprived of food for 108 h and then offered floating trout pellets, they consumed a satiation meal (S g) described by the equation S = 0.025 W0.96 where W is wet body weight in g. When food was offered at different deprivation times after satiation, maximum meals were taken after 60–72 h and corresponded to 2.5% body weight. Longer deprivation (108 h) led to reduced intake of 1.9–2% body weight. Gastric emptying was measured using X-radiography or chromic oxide to label the faeces. Complete stomach emptying required 110 ± 11 h S.D. and maximum appetite occurred when the stomach was estimated to be 80–95% empty. The average time for a meal to be voided from the alimentary tract was 176 ± 16 h S.D. Diets containing 40–50% protein and 4.2–5 kcal/gram were assimilated with apparent efficiencies of 76 ± 6% S.D. and 86 ± 6% for energy and protein nitrogen, respectively. A preliminary estimate for an energy budget for these animals based on a 23 day growth period accounted for 90% of the daily food intake as:
100 I39M + 32E
where known daily intake (I calories) is compared with measures or estimates of metabolic rate (M), growth (G) and excreted wastes (E). Although this balance is similar to that of herbivorous fish, the turtle has slower feeding and digestion rates than its teleost counterparts.  相似文献   

20.
An experiment was conducted for 8 weeks at the Cantho University, Vietnam, to determine the acceptable level of mangrove leaf litter load and its effect on water quality, growth and survival rate of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Shrimps were cultured in plastic tanks containing 50 L of brackish water (salinity of 15‰). Leaf litter of Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia officinalis, Excoecaria agallocha and Acacia auriculiformis were loaded to tanks at rates of 0.0 (control), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g L− 1 with and without aeration. Tiger shrimp post-larvae (PL; 0.05 ± 0.01 g) obtained from the shrimp hatchery of Cantho University were stocked at a density of 20 PL per tank and fed with pelleted feed containing 38% protein at a rate of 10% body weight (BW) day− 1.

The high leaf-loading rates significantly reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) and survival rates of shrimp in the non-aerated treatments, and all shrimps died after 2 days in the treatments with loading rates above 0.5 g L− 1. Leaf litter loads significantly increased tannin content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), H2S and pH in the aerated treatments. Stepwise regression analysis showed COD, tannin and H2S concentrations had negative effects on shrimp growth in the aerated treatments. Tannin concentration was found to be highest in the treatments with Excoecaria (32 mg L− 1) and Avicennia (24 mg L− 1) leaves. However, there were no significant differences in growth and survival rates of shrimp among the aerobic treatments loaded with different leaf types. The results of this study showed that moderate load of mangrove leaves could play an important role in promoting shrimp growth and survival in aerobic condition. Mangrove leaves at a loading rate of 1 g L− 1 positively influenced both the survival and growth rate of shrimps.  相似文献   


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