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Kunio SUGAHARA Mako MATSUMOTO Motoko YAMADA Fumiaki YAOSHIZAWA Yutaka KARASAWA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):431-434
In order to determine the role of the cecum on energy use in growing chickens, metabolizability of the dietary energy and energy expenditure were examined in the week following bilateral ligation and washing out of the cecum. Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were 14.30 and 13.69 kJ/g air‐dry matter for sham‐operated and cecally ligated chickens, respectively. These values were found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). Although AME intake and fasting heat production were decreased by cecal ligation, the distribution of AME (measured as fasting and feeding heat production, as well as heat increment and energy retention, as a proportion of AME intake) was not affected. These results suggest that the cecum helps chickens extract AME from corn‐soybean type diets with little, if any, effect on AME use, based on the present study of growing chickens in the week following cecal ligation. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the effect of regular walking exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin response to i.v. glucose infusion in growing beef steers. Four crossbred beef steers walked on a treadmill during a 6 week exercise period (1.2 km/h, 1 h/day and 5 days/week). The changes in plasma glucose and insulin levels following glucose infusion were analyzed immediately prior to (bodyweight: 260.4 ± 24.2 kg) and after (295.7 ± 30.1 kg) the exercise period. The basal levels of plasma glucose (86.4 vs. 82.0 mg/dL, P = 0.040) and insulin (24.5 vs. 14.3 μU/mL, P = 0.016) were significantly lower after the exercise period. Further, the increase in the levels of plasma glucose (420.4 vs. 280.8 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and insulin (94.5 vs. 73.1 μU/mL, P = 0.028) following the glucose infusion decreased after the exercise period. The area under the curve of plasma glucose (108.8 vs. 62.9 mg/dL per min, P < 0.001) and insulin (53.6 vs. 29.7 μU/mL per min, P = 0.018) indicated more rapid clearance of exogenous glucose and less insulin secretion for glucose clearance after the exercise period. These results suggest that regular exercise improves glucose tolerance, with lower insulin response to glucose infusion in growing steers, as observed in rodents and humans. 相似文献
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Tomowa SAKATA Ryuichi TATSUMI Michiko YAMADA Sei-Ichi SHIRATSUCHI Shinpei OKAMOTO Wataru MIZUNOYA Akihito HATTORI Yoshihide IKEUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(5):518-525
We have shown in vitro that mechanical stretch triggers activation of quiescent satellite cells of skeletal muscle to enter the cell cycle through an intracellular cascade of events including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis that results in the release of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from its extracellular association and its subsequent presentation to signaling receptors. In order to explore the activation mechanism in vivo, stretch experiments were conducted in the living animal using our suspension model developed. This system used the weight of the hind portion of rats to stretch the inside muscles of the left hind limb suspended for a period of 0.5–2.0 h. At the end of the stretch period, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of bromodeoxyuridine followed by immunocytochemistry for its incorporation as an index of satellite cell activation in vivo. Depending on the period of stretch, bromodeoxyuridine labeling was increased significantly over the contralateral unstretched leg or control muscle from untreated rats. A stretched muscle extract prepared from the 2 h stretched tissue by incubating it in PBS, showed the active form of HGF as revealed by immunoblotting and it could stimulate the activation of unstretched satellite cells. Also, administering NO synthase inhibitor L‐NAME prior to muscle stretch abolished the stretch activation of satellite cells. Therefore, the results from these experiments demonstrate that stretching muscle triggers NO synthesis and HGF release, which could activate satellite cells in vivo. 相似文献
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Purification and properties of β-galactosidase from Tilapia intestine: Digestive enzyme of Tilapia-X
ABSTRACT: β-galactosidase of the intestine of Tilapia nilotica was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by PAPTG-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, ethylenediamineetetraacetic acid ion-exchange chromatography, polyexchanger PBE 94 chromatofocusing, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. β-galactosidase was found to be a single band when examined by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purifications of β-galactosidase were 27-fold from the crude extract. β-galactosidase showed optimum activity at pH 5.0 at 40°C, and was specifically found to be able to hydrolyze p -nitrophenyl β-galactopyranoside. It degrades galactan and agarose, and produces galactose. β-galactosidase was strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and PCMB. β-galactosidase is considered to be secreted by the upper and middle parts of the intestine and most of the activity was detected in the intestinal juice. 相似文献
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Yuko TAJIMA Kaori MAEDA Tadasu K. YAMADA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(1):45-51
One hundred and twenty
stranding events of Stejneger’s beaked whales were reported in Japan between 1999 and
2011. The purpose of this study is to introduce pathological data and to discuss probable
causes of death for 44 Stejneger’s beaked whales among them. The significant pathological
findings were the pulmonary edema, parasitic granulomatous nephritis, emaciation,
amyloidosis, suppurative bronchopneumonia and so on. The probable causes of death were
categorized as noninfectious in 43 of the cases, which included drowning, starvation and
secondary amyloidosis. One individual was diagnosed with septicemia, which was the only
example of an infectious disease. Because we could not always perform advanced analyses,
such as microbiology tests, biotoxin examinations or contaminant analyses, the finality of
our findings may be impaired. However, the present study has broad implications on the
causes of death of Stejneger’s beaked whales of the seas around Japan, which are valuable
for the future studies and for the detection of emerging diseases. 相似文献
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Masahiro MIYABE Azusa GIN Eri ONOZAWA Mana DAIMON Hana YAMADA Hitomi ODA Akihiro MORI Yutaka MOMOTA Daigo AZAKAMI Ichiro YAMAMOTO Mariko MOCHIZUKI Toshinori SAKO Katsutoshi TAMURA Katsumi ISHIOKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1201-1206
G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 is an unsaturated fatty acid receptor, which is
associated with various physiological functions. It is reported that the genetic variant
of GPR120, p.Arg270His, is detected more in obese people, and this genetic variation
functionally relates to obesity in humans. Obesity is a common nutritional disorder also
in dogs, but the genetic factors have not ever been identified in dogs. In this study, we
investigated the molecular structure of canine GPR120 and searched for candidate genetic
variants which may relate to obesity in dogs. Canine GPR120 was highly homologous to those
of other species, and seven transmembrane domains and two N-glycosylation sites were
conserved. GPR120 mRNA was expressed in lung, jejunum, ileum, colon, hypothalamus,
hippocampus, spinal cord, bone marrow, dermis and white adipose tissues in dogs, as those
in mice and humans. Genetic variants of GPR120 were explored in client-owned 141 dogs,
resulting in that 5 synonymous and 4 non-synonymous variants were found. The variant
c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) was found in 40 dogs, and the gene frequency was significantly
higher in dogs with higher body condition scores, i.e. 0.320 in BCS4–5 dogs, 0.175 in BCS3
dogs and 0.000 in BCS2 dogs. We conclude that c.595C>A (p.Pro199Thr) is a candidate
variant relating to obesity, which may be helpful for nutritional management of dogs. 相似文献
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Takeshi OHTA Shuichi KIMURA Masaya HIRATA Takahisa YAMADA Toshie SUGIYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(10):1327-1330
The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, a model for obese type 2 diabetes,
shows bone quantitative abnormalities, namely low bone mineral density (BMD). The
objective of this study was to evaluate bone morphological changes, in particular
identifying the bone qualitative abnormalities, in the SDT fatty rat. Male SDT fatty rats
showed increases in total trabecular area and trabecular number and decreases in
trabecular thickness in cancellous bones of the proximal tibia, indicating trabecular
miniaturization. The SDT fatty rat is useful for investigation of pathophysiological
changes in bone quality in diabetic osteoporosis. 相似文献
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