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天然大蒜中所含的蒜氨酸经酶分解后,先生成次磺酸,次磺酸再脱水生成蒜素。蒜素热分解为一硫醚(R1SR2)、二硫醚(R1SSR2)和二氧化硫,二硫醚分子中的R1和R2一般为甲基、乙基、丙基、烯丙基、丙烯基等等,而R1和R2可相同,也可以不同。 二硫醚、三硫醚常温下比较稳定,但与光、空气、水接触时易发生分解,尤其是水可使二硫醚分解为硫和一硫醚。二硫醚会随着温度的上升产生岐化反应,两分子二硫 相似文献
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以乙酸乙酯和乙二胺为原料合成N-乙酰基乙二胺,比较了反应条件对目标产物产率的影响。确定了最佳的反应条件为:n(乙酸乙酯):n(乙二胺)=1:4,反应温度为110℃,反应时间为24小时,产率达80.8%。目标产物用IR、1HNMR、元素分析进行了表征。 相似文献
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大蒜素是百合科植物大蒜中主要生物活性成分的总称,是一种广谱抗菌药,具有消炎、降压、降血脂、抑制血小板积聚、减少冠状动脉硬化、抑制体内N-亚硝胺合成、防癌、治癌、抗病毒等多种功效.用于畜禽饲料,可作为杀菌剂、杀虫剂、解毒剂、调味剂、动物保健增效剂及品质改善剂等.1844年Theodor Weithein用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的大蒜油(二烯丙基二硫化物和少量二烯丙基三硫化物),是一种黄色或淡黄色挥发性液体,不溶于水,能与无水乙醇和氯仿等以任意比例混合,有蒜臭气味.大蒜中的蒜氨酸在蒜氨酸酶的作用下可生成次磺酸(RSOH),RSOH不稳定脱水变成蒜素(RSOR),RSOR再分解变成硫醚和二硫醚.因此,天然大蒜油中含有硫醚、二硫醚、三硫醚和四硫醚等,以二硫醚为主[1]. 相似文献
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大蒜素是一种从大蒜中提取的含硫化合物，具有安全性高、无残留、不产生耐药性、抗菌谱广、无配伍禁忌等优点。大蒜素的生理功能包括降低血糖和血压、抗氧化、增强免疫力和抑制有害细菌等，并且在动物生产中发挥着维持动物肠道健康、改善肠道菌群、调节脂肪沉积等作用。作为饲料添加剂的大蒜素主要为化学合成类型。首先合成二烯丙基二硫醚，再通过氧化反应合成大蒜素，在实验室中大蒜素还可以通过过氧化氢、过氧邻苯二甲酸镁或氯代苯甲酸氧化二烯丙基二硫化物来合成。在实际生产中，大蒜素对反刍动物有促生长、提高饲料消化率、改善瘤胃发酵等诸多功能。大蒜素还可以通过抑制瘤胃内产甲烷菌活性和减少产甲烷菌数量来降低瘤胃甲烷产量。作者主要介绍了大蒜素的合成、理化特性及其生理功能，并阐述了在反刍动物中应用大蒜素的研究成果，以期为大蒜素在反刍动物生产中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然大蒜中所含的蒜氨酸经酶分解后，先生成次磺酸，次磺酸再脱水生成蒜素，蒜素热分解为一硫醚（R1SR2），二硫醚（R1SSR2）和二氧化硫，二硫醚分子中的R1和R2一般甲基，乙基，丙基，烯丙基，丙烯基等等，而R1和R2可相同，也可以不同。 相似文献
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大蒜油中大蒜素等含硫化合物的气相色谱—质谱法测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用气相色谱－质谱联用仪对大蒜油的部分组分进行了测定。确定了以二丙烯基三硫醚、二丙烯基二硫醚、甲基丙烯基三硫醚为主要成分的共 10种含硫化合物。根据面积归一化法得到各组分的相对百分含量。 相似文献
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大蒜作为人们食物中的调味佳品已有悠久的历史。目前,随着研究的深入,人们逐步把大蒜用于人畜疫病的治疗。大蒜营养丰富,含有蛋白质、糖类、磷、维生素B1、钙、铁、镁、锗等多种营养物质。而大蒜素是通过一定的加工工艺从大蒜中提取出来的一种天然抗菌物质。它的主要成分是一硫醚、二硫醚、三硫醚、四硫醚,以三硫醚为主。研究表明,大蒜素具有广谱抗菌、诱食助消化、提高免疫力、促生长等作用,能有效提高动物生产性能和抗病能力。 相似文献
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LI Mengwei PENG Lijuan PENG Kaiping XIE Fang LIANG Xin GUO Yangxia YANG Chengjian 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(9):2767-2778
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of inhibiting rumen bacteria,fungi and protozoa with adding linoleic acid and linolenic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and fatty acid metabolism in buffaloes.Both fatty acids were supplemented with substrate and roughage (3:7) at the rate of 3% on dry matter (DM) basis in an in vitro batch culture system,there were 5 repetitions for each group.At the same time,four groups were set up:Control group and inhibition groups of protozoa,bacteria and fungi.After 24 h of incubation,total gas production,CH4,pH,VFA,NH3-N,MCP and LFA concentrations were measured.The results showed that:①With the addition of linolenic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibition the growth of bacteria and protozoa,CH4 production increased significantly after inhibition of the growth bacteria and fungi,and CH4 production decreased significantly after inhibition of the growth protozoa (P<0.05).With the addition of linoleic acid,compared with control group,the gas production decreased significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,and CH4 production was significantly lower than other groups after inhibition of protozoa (P<0.05).② After inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa,the pH and MCP concentration were affected significantly with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05),there was no significant effect on NH3-N concentration with the addition of linoleic acid (P>0.05).③ Compared with control group,the content of acetic acid and propionic acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid (P<0.05).The butyric acid was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).④ Compared with control group, the concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C14:1n5, C15:1n5, C16:1n7, C16:0, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:0, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:1, C20:3n3, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:2n6, C22:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linolenic acid, the concentrations of C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:1n7, C16:0, C17:0, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:2n6c, C18:1n9t, C18:0, C18:2(cis-9,trans-11), C18:2(trans-10,cis-12), C20:2n6, C20:1, C20:0, C21:0, C22:6n3, C22:0, C23:0, C24:1n9, C24:0 was reduced significantly after inhibiting the growth of bacteria with the addition of linoleic acid (P<0.05).The results revealed that the addition of linoleic acid and linolenic acid could significantly manipulate in vitro rumen fermentation parameters,CH4 yield and fatty acid composition after inhibiting the growth of bacteria,fungi or protozoa.Protozoa greatly contributed to total gas and CH4 production while bacteria significantly affected rumen fatty acid metabolism. 相似文献
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试验旨在采用体外产气法研究抑制瘤胃细菌、真菌、原虫对添加亚油酸和亚麻酸后水牛瘤胃体外发酵参数和脂肪酸代谢的影响。体外培养底物0.5 g,精粗比为3：7,分别添加底物干物质量3%的亚油酸和3%的亚麻酸,每组设置5个重复,同时再设立4个组：对照组及抑制原虫、细菌、真菌组。体外模拟瘤胃发酵培养24 h,测定24 h产气量和气体中的甲烷（CH4）含量、瘤胃发酵液的pH、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、氨态氮（NH3-N）、微生物蛋白（MCP）浓度以及长链脂肪酸（LFA）组成。结果表明：①在添加亚麻酸情况下,与对照组相比,抑制细菌和原虫生长后产气量显著降低,抑制细菌和真菌生长后CH4产量显著升高,而抑制原虫生长后CH4产量显著降低（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,与对照组相比,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后产气量均显著降低,且抑制原虫后CH4产量显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。②抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后,添加亚油酸和亚麻酸显著影响了体外瘤胃发酵液pH和MCP浓度（P<0.05）,添加亚油酸对NH3-N浓度影响不显著（P>0.05）。③与对照组相比,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后显著降低了乙酸、丙酸含量（P<0.05）;在添加亚麻酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了丁酸含量（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后丁酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）。④与对照组相比,在添加亚麻酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了C11：0、C12：0、C13：0、C14：0、C14：1n5、C15：1n5、C16：1n7、C16：0、C18：3n3、C18：2n6c、C18：0、C20：2n6、C20：3n6、C20：1、C20：3n3、C20：0、C21：0、C22：6n3、C22：2n6、C22：0浓度（P<0.05）;在添加亚油酸情况下,抑制细菌生长显著降低了C12：0、C13：0、C14：0、C15：0、C16：1n7、C16：0、C17：0、C18：3n6、C18：3n3、C18：2n6c、C18：1n9t、C18：0、C18：2（cis-9,trans-11）、C18：2（trans-10,cis-12）、C20：2n6、C20：1、C20：0、C21：0、C22：6n3、C22：0、C23：0、C24：1n9、C24：0浓度（P<0.05）。由此可见,抑制细菌、真菌或原虫生长后,添加亚油酸和亚麻酸对体外瘤胃发酵参数、CH4产量和脂肪酸组成均能产生影响,原虫对产气量和CH4产量贡献最大,细菌对瘤胃液脂肪酸代谢影响最大。 相似文献
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信号硫化氢缓解植物盐碱胁迫机理备受关注。为探讨外源硫化氢对盐碱胁迫下植物氨基酸代谢的调控机制,采用盆栽土培试验,以裸燕麦品种‘定莜9号’为材料,设置盆土不添加盐碱和添加3.00 g·kg-1盐碱(摩尔比NaCl︰Na2SO4︰Na2CO3︰Na HCO3=12︰8︰1︰9)与抽穗期叶面喷蒸馏水和喷50μmol·L-1硫化氢供体硫氢化钠(NaHS)溶液,共4个处理。研究其对叶片中总氨基酸、丙二醛含量和籽粒产量的影响;运用液相色谱和质谱检测,采用主成分分析22种组成蛋白质的氨基酸中差异氨基酸,解析外源硫化氢对氨基酸代谢途径的调控效应。结果表明：在裸燕麦叶片中未检出高半胱氨酸。喷施NaHS溶液对盐碱胁迫下裸燕麦叶片中总氨基酸含量下降的缓解效应不显著,对盐碱胁迫诱导的丙二醛含量的升高和籽粒产量的下降有显著的缓解作用。主成分分析结果显示：盐碱胁迫下,喷施NaHS可显著下调裸燕麦叶片中α-酮戊二酸族的鸟氨酸和草酰乙酸族的天冬酰胺含量;显著上调α-... 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to analyze the time-course of t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, fatty acid composition and chemiluminescence intensity in rat, caprine, equine and bovine erythrocyte ghosts. A relatively high content of arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n3) was characteristic of the rat erythrocyte ghosts. The fatty acid composition of native erythrocyte ghosts obtained from caprine, equine and bovine was characterized by a high content of oleic acid (C18:1 n9) and a low content of the peroxidable polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:4 n6 and C22:6 n3). The proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) was higher in equine and bovine compared to rat and caprine. Increase in lipid peroxidation in rat erythrocyte ghosts was maximal within 12 min of incubation, t-butyl hydroperoxide concentration dependent and was paralleled by a decrease in C18:2 n6, C20:4 n6 and C22:6 n3 and an increase in chemiluminescence formation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in rat erythrocyte ghosts exhibit the highest sensitivity to oxidative damaged and their sensitivity increases as a power function of the number of double bonds per fatty acid molecule. Light emission in caprine, equine and bovine erythrocyte ghosts was very low, t-butyl hydroperoxide concentration-dependent but changes in fatty acid composition were not observed. The main conclusion of this work is that a low unsaturation degree of fatty acids in erythrocyte ghosts of caprine, equine and bovine prevent the lipid peroxidation on those membranes when they are incubated with t-butyl hydroperoxide. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究硝酸钠调控水牛瘤胃甲烷生成对脂肪酸生物氢化途径的影响。选取3头体重约为（650±50）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的水牛作为瘤胃液供体动物，通过体外批次培养，设计发酵底物的精粗比为40：60，试验设4个组，每组5个重复，每组各添加0.25 mg/mL的α-亚麻酸，硝酸钠添加水平分别为0（对照）、1、2、3 mg/mL。分别培养3、6、9、12、24 h时测定产气量和甲烷产量，在培养24 h结束后测定体外发酵参数和脂肪酸含量。结果表明：①添加硝酸钠显著降低了瘤胃培养液24 h的总产气量、甲烷（CH4）含量和甲烷/总产气量的比例（P<0.05），添加1、2和3 mg/mL硝酸钠后瘤胃液甲烷含量分别降低了89.62%、91.20%、91.75%。②添加硝酸钠组瘤胃培养液的pH和氨态氮（NH3-N）含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05），添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠组微生物蛋白（MCP）含量也显著高于对照组（P<0.05），其他组别差异不显著（P>0.05）；添加硝酸钠组瘤胃液乙酸浓度差异不显著（P>0.05），但丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸和异戊酸浓度显著低于对照组（P<0.05），乙酸/丙酸显著高于对照组（P<0.05），添加3 mg/mL硝酸钠组瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。③添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠组瘤胃液C18：2 cis-9，trans-11、C18：2 trans-10，cis-12、C20：1、不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）含量及UFA/SFA显著高于其他组（P<0.05）；添加硝酸钠组瘤胃液C18：2n6c、C18：1n9t、C20：5n3（EPA）和C22：6n3（DHA）的含量均高于对照组，且1 mg/mL硝酸钠组含量最高，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠组瘤胃液C18：3n3、C18：2n6c和C18：1n9c含量均高于对照组，差异不显著（P>0.05）。由此可见，体外添加硝酸钠显著降低了瘤胃液总产气量和甲烷含量，pH和NH3-N含量显著升高，TVFA含量降低，通过显著减少丙酸含量而升高乙酸/丙酸；添加1 mg/mL硝酸钠可显著提高瘤胃液共轭亚油酸（CLA）和UFA含量，且在抑制甲烷产生的同时能够降低不饱和脂肪酸的生物氢化程度。 相似文献
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Genotype,production system and sex effects on fatty acid composition of meat from goat kids 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mustafa Özcan Gulcan Demirel Akın Yakan Bülent Ekiz Cemil Tölü Türker Savaş 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):200-206
Two trials were performed to assess the meat fatty acid profile of goat kids from different genotypes, production systems and sex. In the first trial, genotype effect was determined in 24 suckling male kids from Turkish Saanen, Maltese and Gokceada breeds. In the second trial, male and female Gokceada Goat kids were used to compare the effect of extensive and semi‐intensive production systems on fatty acid composition of meat. Significant genotype effect was observed in the percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n‐9), linolenic acid (C18:3 n‐3), arachidonic acid (C20:4 n‐6) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n‐3), despite no differences on the ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) and n‐6/n‐3 (P > 0.05). The effect of production system had also significant effects on fatty acids, but sex only influenced significantly stearic acid (C18:0), C18:1 n‐9 and C18:3 n‐3 fatty acids and total PUFA level and PUFA/SFA ratio. This study confirms that dairy breeds are prone to produce higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in their muscle. Meanwhile, meat from Gokceada goat kids, which is one of the indigenous breeds in Turkey, had similar PUFA/SFA and n‐6/n‐3 ratios to Turkish Saanen and Maltase. 相似文献
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试验旨在探索牦牛杂交雄性不育后代（犏牛）睾丸脂肪酸氧化特点及其与雄性不育的关联性,阐明犏牛雄性不育的分子机制。以GAPDH和18S rRNA基因为双内参,建立了牦牛和犏牛肝脏型棕榈酰肉碱转移酶1a（CPT1a）和硫双加氧酶1（ETHE1）基因mRNA水平的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,结果发现,该实时荧光定量PCR方法扩增特异性好,扩增效率为98.5%~107.8%,标准曲线线性关系好。采集成年牦牛（n=9）和雄性不育犏牛（n=7）睾丸和附睾,通过常规组织切片和HE染色检测,证实犏牛睾丸和附睾中无精子,而牦牛睾丸和附睾中有精子。试验进一步从牦牛和犏牛睾丸中提取总RNA,测定睾丸中CPT1a和ETHE1基因的mRNA水平,结果显示,犏牛睾丸中CPT1a和ETHE1基因mRNA水平分别显著和极显著高于牦牛（P<0.05;P<0.01）。CPT1a基因mRNA水平的提高表明犏牛睾丸中脂肪酸β-氧化能力的加强;而ETHE1基因mRNA水平的增加可促进线粒体呼吸链的电子传递和脂肪酸氧化,或影响其他能量代谢通路,这两种基因mRNA水平的提高均有助于睾丸脂肪酸的β-氧化供能。本研究结果表明,与牦牛睾丸相比,雄性不育犏牛睾丸的脂肪酸氧化供能水平加强,可能对脂肪酸燃料分子有更多的依赖性。 相似文献
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Z C Shi 《Research in veterinary science》1988,45(2):152-155
Six phenolic substances in bovine urine associated with oak leaf poisoning were identified by means of the ferric chloride reaction, paper chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The results indicate that these are neither oak tannin nor tannic acid but small molecular weight phenolic compounds. The concentration of free volatile phenols in the urine of cattle affected by oak leaves (n = 9, 26.57 +/- 11.20 mg litre-1) was significantly higher than in normal cattle (n = 9, 2.59 +/- 0.03 mg litre-1). 相似文献
19.
The effects of dietary fatty acids on serum and cutaneous fatty acids of healthy dogs were evaluated under controlled conditions. Beagle puppies (n = 12) were fed a standard diet supplemented with sunflower oil (group A), olive oil (group B) or no supplementation (group C) for 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in food intake or growth rates between the three groups. Dogs in group A had significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum 18:2n6 (linoleic acid) and 20:3n6 (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid), and cutaneous 18:2n6 with significant decreases in serum 20:4n6 (arachidonic acid) and cutaneous 18:1n9 (oleic acid) and 18:3n3 (alpha-linolenic acid). Dogs in group B had significant increases in serum 18:1n9, 20:3n6 and cutaneous 18:1n9 with decreases in serum 20:4n6, 22:4n6, 22:5n3 and 22:5n6, and cutaneous 18:2n6, 18:3n3 and 20:4n6. There were no significant changes in serum or cutaneous fatty acids for the dogs in group C. This study demonstrates that fatty acid supplements can be used to alter the serum and cutaneous fatty acid compositions of dogs. 相似文献
20.
The ultrastructure of the primary and secondary lamellae of gills was investigated in a marine teleost, the white croaker. The following cells were identified and briefly described: pavement cells, mucous cells, mitochondria-rich cells and rodlet cells. These cell types are present throughout the length of the lamellae. They are studied by means of a series of carbohydrate histochemical methods, including lectin procedures. Neutral sugars and substituted sialic acid were detected by means of periodic acid-borohydride reduction-saponification-periodic acid Schiff reaction (PA/Bh/KOH/PAS), saponification-selective periodic acid Schiff reaction (KOH/PA*S) and saponification-selective periodic acid-borohydride reduction-periodic acid Schiff reaction (KOH/PA*/Bh/PAS) histochemical techniques. A battery of seven lectins was used to study binding on tissue sections at the light microscopic level to characterize glycoconjugates in gills. The reaction to Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con-A), Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus cummunis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1) was weak in pavement cells; unlike Con-A, the reaction to WGA and RCA-1 was more intense in mucous cells. Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA) lectin showed a strong reaction in mucous cells. Ulex europaens agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) lectin was negative in all cell types. The lectin pattern was similar for both primary and secondary lamellae, except for PNA reaction, which was weak in the pavement cells of the secondary lamella and negative in the pavement cells of the primary lamella. 相似文献