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1.
埃塞俄比亚东南部Dello Menna森林植被的植物区系和结构分析(英文) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
描述了埃塞俄比亚东南部Dello Menna森林植被的植物区系组成和植被结构。鉴定和描述了50个20m×20m的样方的植物群落类型、物种多样性、丰富度和均匀性,分析了已鉴定植物群落类型与环境因子的相关性,还描述了木本植物种群结构。每个样方内,均记录木本植物的物种、丰富度、高度和胸径以及海拔、坡度。利用PC-ORD软件对植被进行分类。用Sorensen相似性系数探测群落之间的差异性。计算Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、物种丰富度、Shannon均匀性来描述各种植物群落的物种多样性。共记录了53个科的171个维管植物种。豆科植物是主要的优势植物科系,包括13个属26种(1 5%),其次依次是菊科、唇形科和槭树科,各包括8个物种(4.6%)。根据植物分类结果,识别并描述了3个植物群落(Dalbergia microphylla群落、Grewia bicolar-Acaciabrevispica群落、Combretum molle-Combretum collinum群落)。植物区系之间的物种丰富度、多样性和均匀性存在差异。物种丰富度和多样性随海拔变化呈现出贝尔型分布。群落间植物随海拔梯度有一定的变化,表明海拔是决定植物群落分布的重要因素之一。Dalbergia microphylla群落物种丰富度和多样性均最高。优势种群落结构呈现出各种模型。植被可持续利用是今后的研究方向。 相似文献
2.
在野外样方调查和主要环境因子测定的基础上,利用聚类分析和DCCA排序技术对新疆阿尔泰山小东沟林区的森林植被进行类型划分,并定量分析植被与环境因子的关系。结果表明:利用聚类分析可将阿尔泰小东沟林区的木本植物群落划分为6个类型(灌丛、欧洲山杨林、苦杨林、疣枝桦林、新疆落叶松林和新疆落叶松与新疆冷杉、新疆云杉的针叶混交林)。DCCA排序分析表明,海拔和坡向等地形因子以及土壤类型、土壤全氮、土壤全磷、土壤水分含量和大石砾含量等土壤因子是影响阿尔泰林区植物分布的主要因子,林区不同群落类型的分布格局主要是由地形和土壤因子的共同作用所控制的。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨雾灵山植物多样性与植被分布状况,采用样方法(乔木层和灌木层的样方大小是10 m×10 m,草本层样方是1 m×1 m),对雾灵山植被进行调查,研究表明,物种多样性与分布状况受不同的坡向、坡位、坡度、海拔、温度、水热等因素的影响。群落物种多样性表现为:草本层>灌木层>乔木层的特点,群落总体的物种多样性取决于草本层多样性的大小。低山农田、果林,低山落叶阔叶林,中山针叶林,高山草甸4个带谱随海拔的上升呈垂直分布。对雾灵山地区物种多样性及物种分布规律的研究有利于生态恢复,维护生态平衡、改善生态环境、促进区域发展。 相似文献
4.
Effects of environmental factors on species richness patterns of herb layer in Eastern Zhongtiao Mountain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LIU Qiu-feng KANG Mu-yi WANG Hao LIU Quan-ru 《林业研究》2005,16(3):175-180
The species richness of herb layer was investigated among 43 plots of forest vegetation in the eastern Zhongtiao Mountain, in southern Shanxi Province, China. The forest vegetation was divided into two major vegetation types such as the deciduous forest and the coniferous forest by the two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The species richness of herb layer was fitted in the topographic and soil feature factors, as well as the topographic relative moisture index （TRMI） by the generalized linear models （GLM）. The results showed that canopy cover and altitude were the most significant environmental factors. Soil pH value and soil nutrients index such as total N, organic matter content had no significant influence. The effect of environment factors on species richness of herb layer had significant difference in vegetation types. For the broad-leaved forest, litter depth and TRMI were the important environment factors. For the coniferous forest, soil clay content was another important environment factor. The range of environmental gradient such as altitude may contribute to the difference. 相似文献
5.
采用常规野外调查法对金佛山国家级自然保护区南、北、西3坡向不同海拔梯度的植物群落优势种和植物多样性进行调查研究。结果表明:①海拔1 840 m处,乔木层的优势种都是常绿阔叶树种,其他海拔区域乔木层的优势种未呈现规律性;西坡不同海拔高度乔木层的优势种都属于常绿阔叶树种,而其他坡向未呈现规律性;北坡840 m和西坡840 m处的灌木层优势种都为乔木幼树,分别是四川大头茶(Gordonia acuminate)幼树和油茶(Camellia oleifera)幼树;海拔1 840 m处,各坡向草本层以阴生的植物为优势种。②西坡1 340 m和北坡1 840 m处植物群落物种多样性最高,受到严重干扰的山顶和南坡1 840 m处物种多样性最低而北坡1 340 m和南坡1 340 m处在受到干扰的情况下仍表现出较高的物种多样性。③植物群落内各层的物种丰富度的大小顺序依次为草本层乔木层灌木层,而群落多样性指数的大小顺序依次为乔木层草本层灌木层。 相似文献
6.
大稠顶自然保护区植被特征调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对大稠顶自然保护区的植被进行野外实地调查，结果显示，由于海拔和水分的原因，其植被从带有热带性向明显的亚热带特征转变；在海拔1000m以上的地方，植被的矮化现象非常明显；大稠顶自然保护区珍稀濒危植物和经济植物比较丰富，特别是在低海拔区存在广东省内罕见的天然喜树群落。 相似文献
7.
澜沧江省级自然保护区位于澜沧江中游临沧市境内。该区域植被类型随海拔升高而呈垂直分布规律。在以往的研究中忽视了澜沧江两岸低海拔区域植被的研究。文章以临沧市临翔区邦东乡沿江两岸低海拔植物群落为主要对象,分析该区域植被类型及其物种组成,以期为该区域生物多样性管理提供依据。研究发现,在沿江两岸海拔750~1400 m区域,共计发现7个植被型、8个植被亚型、8个群系及8个群落类型。除季风常绿阔叶林外,其他7个植被亚型均为本次调查新发现,其中热带季雨林与暖热性针叶林是研究区域主要的植被类型,而暖热性针叶林与季风常绿阔叶林则受破坏较大,分别产生暖热性稀树灌木草丛和干热性稀树灌木草丛,而干热灌丛则小面积分布。并根据澜沧江周期性枯水期出现的狗牙根群落,新提出河流消落带植被类型。 相似文献
8.
[目的]为了揭示藏东南地区蚂蚁群落的生态学规律,对藏东南嘎隆拉和墨脱河谷不同样地的蚂蚁群落进行了调查研究,揭示藏东南地区蚂蚁多样性。[方法]采用样地调查法和手拣法进行调查;利用Estmaete S 9.1.0程序对数据进行处理,分析抽样充分性;利用多样性分析法,分析了蚂蚁群落的组成、优势种、物种多样性、群落均匀度及群落相似性等群落特征。[结果]合计发现蚁科Formicidae昆虫8亚科,45属,96种。分析发现,不同植被类型优势种和稀有种组成不同,稀有种较多。低海拔区域的沟谷雨林和常绿阔叶林蚂蚁优势种具有明显的热带和亚热带特征。多样性分析发现,各样地中的蚂蚁群落物种丰富度0 42种,个体密度0.0 1 805.6头·m-2,多样性指数02.285 5,均匀度指数0.251 0 0.873 6,优势度指数0.147 0 1.000 0。其中海拔1 200 m沟谷雨林的蚂蚁物种丰富度最高(42种);海拔1 450 m季风常绿阔叶林的多样性指数最高(2.285 5),优势度最低(0.147 0);海拔2 960m高山松林均匀度指数最高(0.873 6);高海拔的针叶林蚂蚁物种丰富度和多样性均最低,优势度最高。北坡分布的物种稀少,南坡物种丰富;群落相似性系数表明不同海拔和植被的蚂蚁群落间差异显著。[结论]嘎隆拉和墨脱河谷生境存在明显差异,蚂蚁群落的物种数目、个体密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体呈现随海拔升高和植被的更替而降低的规律,但在南坡下部和中部出现2个峰值,分别为热带和温带物种的聚集群,表现出多域效应现象(Multi-Domain Effect)。植被、海拔和坡向对蚂蚁物种的分布和多样性影响深刻。 相似文献
9.
10.
为了解云南蒋家沟流域土壤种子库在不同海拔梯度上的变化特征,明确种子库对植被垂直带谱的响应性机制及群落恢复潜力,选取蒋家沟流域8条海拔带[Ⅰ(2700~2900 m)、Ⅱ(2500~2700 m)、Ⅲ(2300~2500 m)、Ⅳ(2100~2300 m)、Ⅴ(1900~2100 m)、Ⅵ(1700~1900 m)、Ⅶ(1500~1700 m)、Ⅷ(1300~1500 m)]为研究对象,对其植物群落土壤种子库的数量特征、物种组成、物种多样性及种子库相似性进行研究。结果表明:Ⅲ、Ⅱ海拔带的平均物种数和种子密度显著高于Ⅶ、Ⅷ海拔带,土壤种子库种子密度与物种数量随海拔降低而逐渐减少;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ海拔带的Margalef丰富度指数(M)大于5.000,Ⅶ、Ⅷ海拔带M小于3.000。种子库萌发物种以菊科和禾本科草本植物为主,海拔2300 m以上以多年生草本植物占优势,海拔2100 m以下则以1年和2年生草本植物占优势。各海拔带物种分布均匀性较好,除Ⅵ海拔带外,其余海拔带Pielou均匀度指数(J)均大于0.900。Ⅲ海拔带的Simpson优势度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)最高,分别为0.942和3.006;Ⅶ海拔带的D和H最低,为0.810和1.720。除Ⅶ、Ⅷ海拔带以外,其余海拔带的土壤种子库均与临近海拔带种子库相似性最高,Sorensen相似性系数(CS)为0.400≤CS<0.550,且整体上表现为随海拔升高CS逐渐减小的趋势。蒋家沟流域植被群落土壤种子库的变化受海拔梯度的影响,与蒋家沟流域内气候的垂直地带分布具有一定的关系。 相似文献
11.
Chandra Prakash Kala 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(5):360-369
This study deals with the floral diversity and distribution patterns in plant species in relation to environmental gradients in the high altitude cold desert of Ladakh, India. An extensive literature survey and field explorations were made across the different parts of Ladakh in order to create a compilation of vascular plant species. For the quantification of vegetation, a total of eight habitat types were identified and sampled using the point intercept method. In all, 647 species of vascular plants belonging to 58 families and 243 genera were documented. Asteraceae (89 species), Poaceae (66 species), Brassicaceae (54 species), and Fabaceae (43 species) were the dominant families. Astragalus was the most dominant genus as it obtained 24 species, followed by Polygonum (18 species), Artemisia (15 species), and Potentilla (14 species). Among the habitats, riverine beds contained the highest frequency of plant species, followed by narrow gorges and tablelands. The crags and ridges had the lowest frequency of plants. Relatively high water and moisture availability may be the cause of the high frequency of plant species in riverine beds and narrow gorges. The vegetation composition was influenced by elevation; however, the intensity of change reduced at >4500-m elevation. The conservation and management of high altitude cold desert vegetation are discussed based on field observations and findings. 相似文献
12.
开远市原生植被类型的垂直分布状况调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对开远市不同海拔高度原生植被类型状况的设样调查,得出开远市原生植被的垂直分布规律为:海拔高度1 500 m以下分布着以毛叶青冈为代表的偏干性季风常绿阔叶林、细叶云南松林;海拔高度1 500~2 000 m生长有元江栲、银木荷湿性常绿阔叶林、云南松林;而海拔高度2 000 m以上为红花荷、黄丹木姜子群落及光叶石栎群落组成的中山湿性常绿阔叶林。而在海拔高度1 100~1 200 m干热河谷地带分布的铁橡栎、清香木群落不作该地的代表类型。结合垂直分布规律,对除细叶云南松林外的6种植被类型的物种分层结构特征作了论述。 相似文献
13.
Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and nutrient contents. However, the effects of factors on an A. ordosica community following sand stabilization remain unclear. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between A. ordosica communities and environmental factors at three habitats: semi-fixed dune (SF), fixed dune with low-coverage biological soil crust (F), and fixed dune with high-coverage biological soil crust (FC) in Mu Us desert. The mean height and coverage of plants increased with sand stabilization, while species diversity and richness increased initially and then reduced significantly. Correlation analysis and CCA revealed that slope, soil organic carbon, and nutrient contents, proportion of fine soil particles, soil moisture, and thickness of biological soil crust were all highly correlated with vegetation characteristics. These environmental factors could explain 40.42 % of the vegetation–environment relationships at the three habitats. The distribution of plant species was positively related to soil moisture in the SF dune. Soil moisture, soil nutrient, and fine-particle contents mainly affected plants distribution in the F dune. In the FC dune, distribution of plant species was positively and negatively correlated with the thickness of biological soil crust and soil moisture at a depth 0–20 cm, respectively. The dominance value of typical steppe species increased significantly following sand-dune stabilization and relations between species and samples in CCA ordination bi-plots showed that perennial grasses could invade the A. ordosica community on FC, indicating A. ordosica communities had a tendency to change into typical steppe vegetation with the further fixation. We conclude that the significant differentiation not only occurred in community characteristics, but also in the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors among the three stages of dune fixation. So, restoration of degraded dune ecosystems should be based on habitat conditions and ecological needs. 相似文献
14.
Hua-Feng Wang María Vanessa Lencinas Cynthia Ross Friedman Xiao-Ke Wang Jiang-Xiao Qiu 《New Forests》2011,42(1):101-116
Biodiversity in managed plantations has become an important issue for long-term sustainability of ecosystems. The environmental
effects of plantations comprised of fast-growing introduced trees have been vigorously debated. On one hand, monocultures
have been said to exhaust resources, resulting in decreased biodiversity. Conversely, it has been stated that monocultures
may favor regeneration of undergrowth plants from surrounding forests, increasing biodiversity. In order to clarify the effects
of planting Eucalyptus trees on species composition, diversity, and functional type of understory vegetation in Yunnan province, a field trial was
implemented to compare Eucalyptus plantations (EPs) with two other local current vegetation types (secondary evergreen forests (SEs), and abandoned farmlands
(AFs)). Each vegetation type was sampled in each of three elevational ranges (low = 1,000–1,400 meters above sea level (masl),
medium = 1,400–1,800 masl, and high = 1,800–2,200 masl). Sample sites within each elevational range had similar environmental
characteristics (slope, aspect, etc.). Thus, we sampled three vegetation types at each of three sites at each of three elevations
for a total of 27 plots. We calculated relative abundance and importance value of species and diversity indexes to evaluate
differences among local current vegetation types and elevational ranges, employing multivariate ordination analyses and other
methods such as Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) and Indicator Species Analysis. We found that fast growing introduced Eucalyptus plantations led to reduced plant diversity in the study area, and that rare or threatened species were recorded almost exclusively
in the SE plots, being essentially absent from the EP and AF plots. The understory plant diversity did not correlate with
the altitude gradient significantly. Eucalyptus plantations (EPs) have a simpler community structure than that of either secondary evergreen forests (SEs; similar to natural
state) or abandoned farmlands (AFs). No variable significantly explained variation of the understory shrub layer, but soil
moisture-holding capacity and overstory coverage were significant in explaining variation of the understory herb layer, suggesting
that the study of soil physical properties is necessary for better understanding of their importance in Eucalyptus plantations and other local current vegetation types. 相似文献
15.
《林业研究》2021,32(5)
In tropical montane forests,compositional and structural changes are commonly driven by broad-scale altitudinal variation.Here,given the lack of knowledge on small-scale vegetation changes and temporal dynamics,we address the effects of small-scale variations in soil and altitude on tree community structure,temporal dynamics and phylogenetic diversity in a semi-deciduous tropical forest of the Atlantic Forest Domain,southeastern Brazil.In 2010 and 2015 we sampled thirty plots of 400 m~2,set up along an altitudinal gradient between 1000 and 1500 m a.s.I..In each plot,we collected soil samples for chemical and textural analyses.We fitted linear models to test the effects of altitude and soil on community dynamics and phylogenetic parameters.Altitude and soil explained the spatial variation in number of individuals and phylogenetic diversity metrics.From lower to higher altitudes,we found decreasing fertility,increasing tree density and decreasing phylogenetic diversity.Altitude significantly influenced the increases in total biomass(from 240.9 to 255.4 t ha~(-1)) and individual biomass(from 0.15 to 0.17 t) recorded in the interval.And while community temporal dynamics had rates of 1.96% for mortality,1.02% for recruitment,1.61% for biomass loss and 2.81% for biomass gain,none of them were explained by altitude or soil.Temporal species substitution averaged0.1 in the interval.Altogether,these results suggest that the small-scale variations in altitude and soil likely determine the conditions and resources that drive community assembly and structure,which are expressed by spatial variations along the altitudinal gradient.At the same time,temporal patterns were not influenced by altitude-related environmental variation,resulting in a similar dynamic behaviour across the gradient,suggesting that broad-scale factors may play a more important role than local ones. 相似文献
16.
云南糯扎渡自然保护区植被垂直分布研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
植被空间分布格局受光、热、水、土等的影响表现出一定的规律性。海拔是影响光、热、水、土等分配的因子之一,进而影响植被分布。为了探索植被沿海拔空间的分布规律,以糯扎渡自然保护区为例,按每100 m为一海拔带把整个保护区划分为13个带,并利用其数字高程模型和植被图,使用ArcView、ArcMap、ERDAS、EXCEL等软件,进行了该保护区植被沿海拔空间分布的研究。通过研究,给出了该保护区13种植被类型的分布规律、适生海拔区间和每一海拔带的优势植被类型,并制作了按海拔带分布的三维立体植被图。该研究成果为开展本保护区的科学研究和管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
17.
适宜的生境是珍稀濒危生物生存的决定性条件,对珍稀濒危生物生境的系统研究是生物多样性保护的前提。金丝猴是中国特有并且珍稀的濒危物种,黔金丝猴又是三种金丝猴中分布最为狭窄、对生境要求最为苛刻的一种。本文从黔金丝猴的最佳适宜生境、适宜生境和较适宜生境三个生境选择方面对生境内植物群落特征、环境因子、极端环境因子等进行了系统分析,对黔金丝猴的季节活动规律、活动区域和食物特点进行了系统的研究。结果表明常绿针阔混交林是黔金丝猴的最佳生存的植被群落,其最适宜的年均温度为8～15C,极端最低温度为-2.5C,极端最高温度为25C,最适宜生存的海拔高度为1500～1700m。在同一区域,植物多样性越多,越适宜黔金丝猴的生存。温度和食物是决定黔金丝猴种群活动范围大小的主要生境因子,海拔高度、植被群落特征、温度是黔金丝猴对生境选择的主要限制因子。图3表3参16。 相似文献
18.
对石门国家级森林公园植被垂直分布按100 m垂直海拔高度分段进行调查和分析,并对植被垂直分布规律进行研究。结果表明,植物群落指数在总体上是随着海拔上升呈下降趋势;在海拔、坡度、坡向3个因子中,海拔因子是对群落分布影响最大的生态因子。 相似文献
19.
秦岭植被景观多样性与物种梯度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
秦岭植被景观类型丰富,具有过渡性和复杂性特点,植被垂直分带明显,在分析秦岭植被景观空间分布格局的基础上,利用植被景观多样性指数,分析了秦岭山地植被景观的数量统计特征与海拔的变化关系;利用基于GIS的梯度分析方法,分析了秦岭的植被与海拔梯度的关系,得到秦岭不同植被景观类型的斑块数、分布范围、植被分布的高度均值和标准差,并以太白山为例,对太白山植物种进行了梯度分析。结果表明:秦岭各植被型的多样性指数Simpson指数D、Shannon-wiener指数H′和均匀度指数基本上呈相同的变化趋势,随着海拔的增加,呈波浪式的变化趋势,自然植被在海拔1 325 m、1 500 m和2 930 m时出现峰值。乔木的多样性指数在海拔1 500 m和2 930 m时达到最大值,在海拔1 200~1 470 m和1 600~2 650 m左右处,乔木的多样性指数值较小,但均匀度指数却较高;灌木的多样性指数在海拔1 325 m时达到最大值;草本的多样性指数呈波浪式上升的趋势,海拔2 400 m和3 500 m左右处有2个峰值。随着海拔高度的增加,太白山依次出现温带草丛→温带落叶灌丛→温带落叶阔叶林→亚热带针叶林→亚热带和热带山地针叶林→草甸→高寒草甸等植被类型,并随海拔的升高,依次出现相应的植物种。 相似文献
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对雷波西宁野生古茶树群落分布区进行群落学调查,共设置了37个群落样地(20 m×20 m)进行了DCA分类与排序分析;同时,利用丰富度指数(R)、辛普森指数(D)、香农-维纳指数(H)和Alatalo均匀度指数(E)分析了不同群落类型间的物种多样性。研究结果表明:通过DCA群落分类方法将古茶树群落分为6种类型,即Ⅰ茶树+枹栎+扁刺栲群落、Ⅱ茶树+丝栗栲+曼青冈群落、Ⅲ茶树+锐齿槲栎+白栎群落、Ⅳ茶树+柳杉+红椿群落、Ⅴ茶树+亮叶桦+野核桃群落、Ⅵ茶树+桤木+檫木群落。总体以常绿与落叶阔叶混交林为主,也有少量常绿阔叶林和人工柳杉林。样方的DCA排序明确地揭示各群落类型境地分布范围;样地和物种DCA排序较好地揭示立地因子对群落类型和物种分布格局的影响。从群落相似性和稳定性角度出发,野生古茶树首要应开展就地保护,尽量避免人为干扰,同时加大人工繁育研究。 相似文献