首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
细基江篱及坛紫菜太空诱变遗传变异的RAPD分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
细基江蓠(Gracilaria tsengiana)及坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)经过卫星搭载送入太空,进行太空诱变试验,返回地面后采用RAPD技术对其基因组DNA多态性进行了检测.筛选出16个随机寡核苷酸引物进行扩增,其中细基江蓠检测出93个位点,多态位点31个,占33.3%;坛紫菜检测出84个位点,多态位点19个,占22.6%;分子量在150～2500 bp之间.遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算.实验数据表明:经过太空诱变的群体与正常对照组相比,从整个基因组角度来看,其遗传多样性差异并不明显,但是太空诱变使部分位点的基因产生了较为显著的变异.研究结果证实:太空诱变能够不定向地促进基因的变异,是水产新品种选育的途径之一.  相似文献   

2.
江苏及安徽地区十个中华绒螯蟹成蟹群体的RAPD分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对取自江苏及安徽地区的10个群体的中华绒螯蟹共64个个体进行了遗传多样性分析.从24个随机引物中筛选出15个扩增重复性好、条带清晰、特异性强的引物,共检测出88个位点(100～2000 bp),各群体的多态位点比例为3.45%～26.19%,遗传多态度为0.0141～0.1036,说明该蟹类基因组DNA多态度较为贫乏,遗传变异水平较低;各群体间的遗传距离为0.0237～0.2466,遗传相似度为0.7815～0.9766,该蟹类群体之间发生了一定程度的分化;分化系数为0.4283～0.6632,Nm为0.2539～0.6674,表明该蟹类群体之间发生了不同程度的遗传变异和遗传交换.  相似文献   

3.
青海湖裸鲤繁殖群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  
张春霖 《水产学报》2005,29(3):307-312
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对青海湖裸鲤的3个洄游繁殖群体-黑马河(HM)、布哈河(BH)及沙柳河(SL)群体各30个个体的DNA多态性进行了分析。用13个引物在三个群体中共检测出85个位点,其中多态性位点68个。青海湖裸鲤群体总的DNA多态位点百分率为80．0％。数据分析结果显示：青海湖裸鲤3个群体总的Nei基因多样性为0．3395,Shannon遗传多样性信息指数为0．4861,存在着较为丰富的遗传多样性。青海湖裸鲤3个群体间平均遗传距离为0．0788,基因分化系数Gst为0．1070,表明3个繁殖群体间产生了一定程度的遗传分化,通过UPGMA方法进行聚类分析显示,HM群体和BH群体优先聚类,表示它们之间的基因交流程度要高于它们分别与SL群体之间的交流。  相似文献   

4.
An allozyme survey was conducted in three naturalized populations of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from rivers in two Andean lakes of southern Chile. The analysis was based on 32 presumed loci, 10 of which were variable, and revealed that the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P= 21.8%; range = 15.6-28.1%), the mean number of alleles per locus (n=1.26; range = 1.2-1.3) and the mean observed heterozygosity (HO=7.0%; range = 6.0-8.2%) are high, although within the range reported for rainbow trout. Although the mean genetic distance between the samples was low (D = 0.003), and only 5.2% of the total observed genetic variation can be accounted by interpopulation differences (FST= 0.052), eight out of 10 polymorphic loci exhibited significant allelic heterogeneity. Some loci, notably EST-1*, IDHP-3,4*, MEP-1* and PGM-1*, showed considerable discriminatory capacity among the samples. Rainbow trout has a longer history in Chilean waters since salmonid introduction started earlier this century. Under current intensive farming practices, the preliminary information provided in the present paper is likely to be helpful in setting up a baseline for further characterization and/or monitoring of naturalized populations.  相似文献   

5.
Rutilus rutilus caspicus is regarded as a valuable fish species both for angling and commercial food in Iran. This fish is also considered as a significant food source for beluga sturgeon. The genetic diversity of this fish species collected from two geographical areas (Gorgan Bay and Anzali Wetland) along the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea was examined using the analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Using 10 decamer primers, the total number of RAPD bands produced in both Gorgan Bay and Anzali Wetland populations were 94 bands. The percentages of polymorphic bands were comparable in Anzali Wetland (41.48%) and Gorgan Bay (43.61%), suggesting similar levels of polymorphism of the two populations to be used for establishing selective breeding programmes. The value of Nei's genetic distance (d=0.04) among populations was small, despite the large geographic separation. The data serve as a baseline analysis of current genetic diversity found among R. rutilus caspicus populations in Iran.  相似文献   

6.
Argulus is one of the most important fish parasites that cause heavy economic loss to aquaculture industry. The present investigation was undertaken to study the genetic diversity of the Argulus sp. collected from 13 locations representing major aquaculture zones in India by RAPD analysis and to develop species‐specific markers. Thirteen random decamer primers were used to amplify DNA fragments from three individual parasites of each location. Of the 172 bands scored by the primers, 168 were polymorphic. The per cent polymorphic loci and gene diversity values varied within a range of 8.14–43.02 and 0.0342–0.1727 respectively. Nei's genetic similarity between populations across all the primers ranged from 0.363 to 0.969. The dendrogram based on Nei's genetic distance showed two clusters; Bangalore and Mandi populations forming one cluster, and the rest in another cluster. The clusters also revealed strong correlation with the species identified as A. japonicus and A. siamensis respectively by morphological method. The study thus indicated A. siamensis as the major prevalent species in carp culture farms in India. Species‐specific primers were designed from unique sequences cloned from RAPD fragments that could able to identify A. siamensis and A. japonicus separately.  相似文献   

7.
魁蚶4个地理群体遗传结构的RAPD分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
应用RAPD标记技术对魁蚶Scapharca broughtonii1个韩国群体与3个中国群体的遗传多样性进行RAPD分析。对4个群体的133个个体进行扩增,共检测到171个位点。其中,多态性位点为167个,4个群体的多态性位点比例:韩国群体为86.55%、黄岛群体为90.06%、蓬莱群体为85.96%和前三岛群体为89.47%;4个群体的Shannon’s多样性指数为(0.460±0.232)~(0.491±0.214),Nei’s多样性指数为(0.308±0.171)~(0.331±0.199),表明4个群体遗传多态性较高;4个群体遗传分化指数在0.006~0.121之间。其中,韩国与中国的3个群体分化明显,说明韩国与中国3个群体的遗传结构差异较大,黄岛群体与前三岛群体间的遗传分化最小。基于4个群体Nei’s遗传距离的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析显示,黄岛群体与前三岛群体最先聚类,两群体间距离最短,再与蓬莱群体聚类,最后与韩国群体聚类。这些数据可为魁蚶种质资源的合理开发和保护及遗传改良提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
Genetic variations between Channa punctatus populations collected from three rivers of south India were examined using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Sixty samples from each population were collected. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood samples. Out of the 20 primers tested, six primers were used for genetic variation studies. A total of 42 RAPD bands were amplified in C. punctatus by the six primers. The total number of bands observed ranged from 34 in the Quilon population to 37 in the Thirunelveli population. Among the three populations, the highest genetic identity (0.9231) was found between Thirunelveli and Quilon populations. The results of the present study demonstrated that Thirunelveli and Quilon populations are more related to each other than to the Coimbatore population.  相似文献   

9.
皱纹盘鲍遗传多样性的RAPD分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
对采自山东长岛和辽宁大连海域的两个自然群体皱纹盘鲍的遗传多样性进行了RAPD分析。16个随机引物在两群体中共检测到了179个位点,其中,长岛和大连群体中的多态位点数分别为88和91个,两群体的多态位点百分率分别为49·16%和50·84%;Shannon′s多样性指数(H0)分别为0·2496和0·2668。有70%以上的遗传变异来自群体内,显示两群体内均有较高程度的遗传变异。研究结果表明,长岛和大连的皱纹盘鲍群体已出现了明显的遗传分化。  相似文献   

10.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was applied to three varieties of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L.: Xingguo red carp, German mirror carp and Russian mirror carp. Twenty-seven decamer primers pre-screened from 40 random primers were used to assay polymorphisms within and between the populations. One hundred and ninety-nine fragments were generated in the three populations; 155 of these fragments were polymorphic. The similarity indices and genetic distances within and between the three populations of carp were calculated. The results indicated that the highest value of similarity within populations was obtained for German mirror carp, and the genetic distance between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp was the farthest. It can be presumed that the heterosis between Xingguo red carp and Russian mirror carp is the highest within these three populations.  相似文献   

11.
We conducted a population genetic analysis of Penaeus stylirostris to describe the genetic variability in two wild samples (Guaymas and Peñasco) and in two cultivated strains (A and B), and to determine the relationship among samples. Seventeen enzymatic systems and general proteins were used to visualize 31 loci. Of the 31 loci, 11 polymorphic loci (35%) were detected in all the organisms, with an average heterozygosity of 0.10 and an average of 1.8 per locus. There were no significant differences among the four samples of observed heterozygosity or percentage of polymorphic loci. According to Hardy–Weinberg, both cultivated strains showed disequilibrium in more loci than the wild samples. Guaymas showed linkage disequilibrium in five pairs of polymorphic loci, Peñasco samples in two pairs, A in seven pairs, and B in nine pairs. Peñasco and both cultivated lineages showed evidence of recent reductions in their effective populations size. Based on the comparisons of Fst values, and the distribution of the allelic frequencies, the cultivated strains were significantly different from the two wild populations. There is evidence that strain B originated from A and the discrepancies between the strains are probably the result of genetic drift and a founder effect.  相似文献   

12.
本文首次使用60Co-γ射线对长毛明对虾进行诱变,将性腺成熟的长毛明对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)分为四组进行不同剂量的60Co-γ射线照射,采用RAPD技术对诱变子代的无节幼体基因组DNA多态性进行了检测。遗传相似系数用Nei的计算方法进行计算,遗传距离则用Lynch的计算方法进行计算。从20个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测154个位点,其中多态位点103个,占66.9%。单个引物获得的标记为4~11个,平均7.7个,分子量在100~2500bp之间。计算得到的遗传相似系数变化范围在0.7995~0.8696之间,相应的遗传距离变化范围则在0.1397~0.2288之间。实验表明:诱变子代与正常对照组相比,遗传多样性水平较高,诱变产生了较为显著的变异。  相似文献   

13.
棘头梅童鱼七个野生群体遗传多样性的微卫星分析   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
为研究中国沿海地区棘头梅童鱼群体的遗传多样性,利用微卫星标记技术,采用9对微卫星引物对中国连云港(LYG)、大丰(DF)、崇明(CM)、舟山(ZS)、温州(WZ)、宁德(ND)、厦门(XM)棘头梅童鱼7个野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示,实验检测到63个等位基因,各位点等位基因数为3~13个,有效等位基因数为1.7510~8.0317;各位点的观测杂合度(Ho)为0.3596~0.7854,期望杂合度(He)为0.4300~0.8780;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.3604~0.8631,其中有2个位点表现为中度多态(0.25PIC0.5),7个位点表现为高度多态(PIC0.5),具有较丰富的遗传多样性水平。Hardy-Weinber平衡分析显示,7个群体的大部分位点未偏离平衡。基于群体间Nei氏标准遗传距离构建的7个野生群体UPGMA系统进化树结果显示,ND和WZ群体遗传关系最近,ZS和WZ群体遗传关系最远,WZ和ND聚为一支,但总体上没有显著的遗传分化。  相似文献   

14.
The Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) is regarded as one of the most important commercial species in the Caspian Sea. Despite the commercial and conservation importance of the species, information on genetic relationships and diversities at the molecular level in Rutilus rutilus caspicus is scarce. Six microsatellite loci were analysed to study the genetic variation in two major populations of Caspian roach in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea: the Anzali Wetland and Gorgan Bay. The Fst value between populations was 0.07, suggesting that the genetic differentiation was significant (P<0.01). Both the studied populations deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium proportions at a number of loci, mostly due to the deficiency of heterozygosities. The genetic distance between populations was 0.29, which indicates that the genetic difference among the studied populations is pronounced. The differences between both populations were not statistically significant (P>0.05), neither for average number of alleles per locus nor for observed heterozygosities. The data generated in this study provide useful information on the genetic variation and differentiation in populations of Caspian roach.  相似文献   

15.
采用磁珠富集和PCR筛选相结合的方法,得到番红砗磲的19个多态性微卫星标记。利用新开发微卫星标记对西沙群岛2个野生群体的遗传多样性进行比较分析,七连屿海域野生群体和永兴岛海域野生群体的平均观测等位基因数(Na)分别为11.105、11.895,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为6.274、6.173,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.776、0.788,平均多态性信息含量分别为0.730、0.744,发现2个野生群体的遗传多样性都处于高度多态水平,说明其有效群体大小仍然保持在较高水平。Bonferroni校正后,在2个群体中各有4个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。另外分析了这些引物在近缘种中的通用性情况,发现鳞砗磲中有7对微卫星引物具有通用性,6对具有多态性;无鳞砗磲中有3对微卫星引物具有通用性,1对具有多态性;诺瓦砗磲中有5对微卫星引物具有通用性,5对具有多态性;长砗磲中有9对微卫星引物具有通用性,8对具有多态性;砗蚝中有2对引物具有通用性,2对具有多态性。  相似文献   

16.
Triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) is the most important mussel species commercially exploited for freshwater pearl culture in China. Its genetic diversity was studied among populations from the five largest freshwater lakes of China, Poyang Lake (PY), Dongting Lake (DT), Taihu Lake (TH), Hongze Lake (HZ), and Chaohu Lake (CH), by the polymorphism of the inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detections showed that a total of 62 loci were amplified from eight primers; of those, 31.88%, 31.15%, 31.03%, 27.27% and 26.92%, respectively, were polymorphic in each of the five populations across all genotypes tested. The average heterozygosities were 0.4747, 0.3274, 0.2366, 0.2099 and 0.2018 in each of these populations from PY, TH, DT, CH and HZ, respectively. Phylogenic analyses showed that PY and TH populations clustered with CH and HZ and formed a group, while the DT population on its own formed a separated branch. The smallest distance (0.0404) was scored between PY and TH populations, indicative of their closest relationship; the biggest distance (0.2438) was found between PY and DT populations, suggesting their greatest divergence. The present study provided genetic basis for managing mussel stocks from these lakes separately to best preserve the genetic diversity of H. cumingii. On the other hand, since the population in PY displayed the highest genetic diversity, it may be used preferably in future selective breeding to improve pearl yield and quality.  相似文献   

17.
The population genetic structure of snapper, Pagrus auratus (Bloch and Schneider), in Victoria was investigated using six polymorphic allozyme loci. Fish were sampled from four sites in Victoria and single locations in South Australia, Western Australia and New Zealand. Although there were distinct genetic differences between the snapper populations from each of the Australian states and New Zealand, only minor and largely insignificant differences were detected among Victorian populations. The results are consistent with previous genetic and tagging studies that indicate no mixing between snapper stocks in Victoria and Spencer Gulf in South Australia. This justifies separate management of the snapper fisheries in these regions. The low levels of polymorphism and heterozygosity in Victorian snapper suggest an isolation by distance model of population structure rather than one of discrete subpopulations.  相似文献   

18.
The genetic diversity of cultured populations of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) from northern China was analysed using seven microsatellite markers. The microsatellite loci were polymorphic for all the populations, with an average of 8.7 alleles per locus (range 8.0–9.4). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.547 (range 0.500–0.596) and 0.774 (range 0.754–0.787) respectively. The allelic diversity in terms of number of alleles per locus was considerably lower than that previously found in wild populations (range 21.8–23.0), indicating that bottleneck effects occurred when each population was founded. Significant genetic differentiation among the five cultured populations was shown using Fst and Rst values, and pairwise comparison based on allelic distribution. A neighbour‐joining analysis of the genetic distance did not show a consistent relationship between the geographic and the genetic distances, suggesting the existence of exchanges of breeds and eggs between the hatcheries. The results obtained in this study are useful for a number of areas of interest for fisheries management and the aquaculture industry, especially with regard to breeding programmes.  相似文献   

19.
基于AFLP的海萝野生群体遗传多样性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
应用AFLP分子标记技术对广东深圳、汕头和山东长岛的海萝(Gloiopeltis furcata)群体进行遗传多样性分析。应用筛选出的10对多态性丰富的AFLP引物,对这3个地理群体的90个个体进行扩增,共得到427个位点,多态性位点数为392(91.75%),各引物扩增位点数为30~59。长岛群体扩增位点最多,多态性也最高。群体内的等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、遗传多样性指数(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)变化趋势一致,均由高到低依次为长岛群体、汕头群体、深圳群体,表明长岛群体遗传多样性最高。3个海萝群体遗传变异主要来自群体间。群体间的基因流为0.368 9,群体分化系数(Gst)为0.575 4,表明群体间有高度分化。深圳群体和汕头群体的遗传距离最小(0.110 2),与长岛群体的遗传距离最大(0.357 7)。UPGMA聚类分析显示广东深圳和汕头群体聚为一支,山东长岛群体为另一支,表明群体间的遗传差异与地理距离有关。本研究结果为海萝资源的保护与利用提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

20.
Ten populations of Penaeus kerathurus (Forskäl), a prawn of high commercial value, were sampled from the eastern and western Mediterranean coastal waters of Tunisia and screened electrophoretically for genetic variation at 13 allozyme loci. Four among the six polymorphic loci were out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (H–WE) in at least one population. In the same way, the multilocus test showed deviation from H–WE in six populations. These populations showed heterozygote deficiency whereas the average heterozygosity for the four remaining ones is quite similar to the expected levels. Genetic variability was low. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.2 to 1.5 (average=1.3), and the observed heterozygosity varied between 0.010 and 0.048 (average=0.021). Significant population differentiation (FST=0.076, P<0.05) in the total data set reflected the differentiation of the two populations, which were at the margins of the range sampled, from all the others (Pairwise FST values ranged from 0.035 to 0.208). Although there was no significant differentiation among the other populations (pairwise FST values ranged from ?0.006 to 0.201, P>0.05). Our data suggest a population structure consistent with separation by Mediterranean Sea basins that might reflect different local biogeographical zones.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号