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1.
F18大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli F18,E.coli F18)是养猪(Susscrofa)业中发生最普遍、危害最大的病原菌之一,球系列鞘糖脂生物合成通路及通路中α-(1,2)岩藻糖转移酶1基因(alpha(1,2)fucose transferase 1,FUT1)对断奶仔猪F18抗性具有重要调控作用.本研究运用生物信息学技术挖掘课题组前期获得的断奶仔猪转录组测序结果,确定FUT1基因的转录起始位点和启动子区.同时对启动子区序列进行CpG岛分析;采用双荧光素酶报告基因以及AliBaba 2.0软件,分别分析启动子区活性和CpG岛序列潜在的转录结合位点.通过比对人类(Homo sapiens)和猪的基因序列信息数据库,结果表明,FUT1基因转录起始区域具有5种可变剪接(AS-1,AS-2,AS-3,AS-4和AS-5)和2个启动子区域(启动子1和启动子2);双荧光素酶报告基因检测结果进一步显示,FUT1基因启动子2的转录活性极显著高于启动子1的转录活性(P＜0.01),启动子2的活性是启动子1的2.75倍,根据结果可以推测启动子2在转录过程中起主导作用;CpG岛分析显示,猪FUT1基因启动子1和启动子2分别存在一个CpG岛.FUT1启动子1扩增片转录因子预测分析表明,FUT1基因启动子1存在20个潜在的转录因子结合位点,并且Sp1出现在多个转录结合位点处.本研究结果为猪FUT1基因的甲基化检测和调控机制分析提供一定的基础和依据. 相似文献
2.
本研究旨在对猪黑素皮质激素受体-4基因(MC4R)的转录调控机制进行初步探讨.首先通过PCR方法扩增MC4R基因5’上游启动区l 234 bp(-1 264～-31 bp)的片段,再利用生物信息学方法对这一区域内潜在的转录起始位点进行了预测,最后采用步移缺失获得了11段长度不等的启动子片段,并分别克隆到荧光素酶(LUC)报告基因表达质粒(pGL3-Basic)中.同时,通过双荧光素酶报告活性分析检测MC4R基因启动子区不同长度片段在猪上皮型肾细胞(PK15)中瞬时转染后的活性.结果表明,猪MC4R 5’端-682 bp处存在1个潜在的转录起始位点(TSS),细胞检测结果显示-514～-486bp区域内存在控制MC4R基础转录活性的顺式调控元件,推测该序列内的热休克转录因子(HSF)结合位点可能对MC4R基因的表达调控及功能行使具有重要作用. 相似文献
3.
MicroRNA(miRNA)的表达调控方式一直是一个有争议的问题,为了研究miRNA潜在的转录调控特点,本文通过Sanger网站miRNA数据库获得人类miRNA的信息,并建立miRNA相关信息数据库,用MEME和Wordspy两个软件对其上游2000bp序列进行保守性分析,得到保守性的DNA序列(motif),用TESS软件分析保守性DNA序列,预测其转录因子结合情况。通过比较位于基因间、反义链和内含子中的三类不同miRNA转录调控区的保守性和自主转录能力的差异,结果发现位于基因间、反义链上的miRNA上游调控区的保守性比位于内含子的miRNA高,在miRNA的转录调控区存在RNA聚合酶Ⅱ类型的转录因子结合位点,miRNA还表现出自身独特的转录调控方式。通过分析,我们还得到了miRNA表达调控中一些重要的转录因子以及独特的调控序列。本研究结果为miRNA转录调控机制的进一步研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
4.
过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)是核受体家族成员,作为配体激活型转录因子,在调控脂肪酸代谢和脂滴形成等方面发挥重要作用。为分析PPARγ基因启动子结构及功能,完善奶山羊(Capra hircus)乳脂代谢调控网络,本研究以西农萨能奶山羊全血DNA为模板,通过PCR技术扩增PPARγ基因5′侧翼序列,并克隆得到7个长度不同的缺失片段,分别连接pGL3-basic载体构建重组体,利用双荧光素酶报告系统检测各重组质粒活性,结合生物信息学分析确定其转录核心区域;并通过启动子定点突变和过表达CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α(CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha,C/EBPα)研究转录因子C/EBPα对PPARγ基因的转录调控。结果表明,克隆得到的PPARγ基因启动子序列全长为2 328 bp(包含转录起始位点上游2 181 bp,GenBank登录号:MG770492.1),启动子上无典型的真核生物元件TATA框,但存在C/EBPα、肝X受体(liver X receptor,LXR)、胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白(sterol-regulatory element binding protein,SREBP)及特异性蛋白1(specificity protein 1,SP1)等多个转录因子结合位点;缺失片段分析结果表明,PPARγ基因启动子核心区域位于转录起始位点上游194~108 bp,且启动子上存在负调控元件;转录因子C/EBPα通过结合位于启动子上游119 bp处的C/EBPα结合元件而调控PPARγ基因的转录。本研究为后续开展PPARγ调控羊奶脂肪酸代谢的机理研究提供了资料。 相似文献
5.
NAC转录因子是植物特有的一类转录调控因子,在植物的生长发育、激素调节和境胁迫应答中具有重要的功能。为研究NAC转录因子在巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）抗逆胁迫中的功能,本项目组根据巴西橡胶树NAC转录因子-HbNAC1基因序列,通过Genome Walking方法从巴西橡胶基因组DNA中获得了长度为1861bp的HbNAC1基因的5＇调控区片段,序列分析表明该段序列含有一个典型的真核生物核心启动子区域,转录起始位点T位于起始密码子上游52bp处。该启动子序列除了含有TATA-box、CAAT-box等基本顺式作用元件外,还具有茉莉酸响应元件以及大量光顺式作用元件和逆境胁迫诱导相关的顺式调控元件,这表明HbNAC1基因在橡胶树逆境胁迫应答过程具有重要功能,其启动子可能是一个光诱导型和组织特异性启动子。 相似文献
6.
前黑素小体蛋白基因(premelanosome protein gene,PMEL)可以直接启动黑素小体内纤维的形成,促进黑素小体合成,是调控动物毛色的主要候选基因之一。目前关于北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)毛色差异表达基因的相关研究相对较少,本研究旨在筛选调控北极狐毛色的PMEL基因的启动子核心区域及转录因子。研究通过基因组测序技术,获得了北极狐PMEL基因启动子序列,利用生物信息学方法对其核心启动子区域和转录因子结合位点进行预测;以北极狐基因组DNA为模板,扩增出该基因不同长度的启动子缺失片段,并连接至p GL3-Basic载体,将重组质粒瞬时转染到A375和293T细胞,利用基因检测仪进行活性验证。结果表明,成功构建了8个含有不同长度启动子片段的重组质粒,经双荧光素酶活性检测发现北极狐PMEL基因的-1 162/+8区域为核心启动子区域;生物信息学预测分析发现在北极狐PMEL基因的-1 162/-655区域存在5个转录因子结合位点,分别为Sp1(-966/-952)、Sp1(-912/-900)、Sp1(-750/-736)、NF-1(-712/-699)和NF-1(-682/-673);利用重叠延伸PCR技术成功构建了5个突变载体,经双荧光素酶活性检测发现该5个突变载体活性均显著下降(P0.05),表明这5个转录因子是北极狐PMEL基因转录调控的正调控元件。本研究为探究该基因的表达调控机制提供了科学依据,并为北极狐毛皮品质分子育种和彩色毛皮材料的创制提供了思路。 相似文献
7.
在人与小鼠中,ASCL2基因是一个母源表达的印记基因,在早期胚胎和胎盘发育中起重要作用。牛ASCL2基因的印记状态和印记的分子机理还没有被研究。本研究采用生物信息学方法对牛ASCL2基因分子进化、启动子和CpG岛区域以及蛋白的高级结构进行分析和预测,为进一步揭示该基因生物学功能和其分子调控机理奠定基础。对21种哺乳动物ASCL2基因的mRNA序列进化分析表明：这21种哺乳动物问的遗传距离小于0．536,且牛与猪遗传距离最小,为0．106,与基因进化树分析结果一致。CpG岛在线软件预测显示,在牛中,该基因上游5k序列中有三个CpG岛。启动子在线软件预测和转录因子分析相结合显示,启动子最可能位于该基因5’端上游4725--4775bp处CpG岛区域内,此区域包括大量潜在转录因子结合位点,并在4734bp处存在一个TATA框。蛋白质在线软件分析表明,ASCL2基因编码一种螺旋一环一螺旋形转录因子,有仅一螺旋、B一转角和无规则卷曲3种二级结构。 相似文献
8.
超长链脂肪酸延伸酶6(elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6,ELOVL6)主要催化C12～C16饱和或单不饱和脂肪酸的延伸,是长链脂肪酸延长反应的限速酶.本研究根据云南黑山羊(Capra hircus)的基因组序列(Gene ID:NW_005100691.1)设计引物,以血液DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增得到西农萨能奶山羊(C.hircus)ELOVL6基因启动子的全长序列,通过缺失分析,构建了10个包含ELOVL6启动子不同缺失片段的荧光素酶报告基因载体,与海肾荧光素酶对照报告基因载体(pRL-TK)共同转染西农萨能奶山羊乳腺上皮细胞,利用双荧光素酶系统检测不同片段的启动子活性.结果表明,克隆得到ELOVL6基因启动子全长序列2 370 bp(包含转录起始位点上游2 168 bp),其与牛(Bos taurus)、人(Homo sapiens)和鼠(Mus musculus)的基因组序列同源性分别为94％、81％和80％,LO VL6启动子上无典型的真核生物启动转录元件TATA框.缺失突变研究发现,ELOVL6基因启动子前端存在负调控元件,启动子核心区域位于转录起始位点上游109～40 bp,该序列包含过氧化酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisom prolifeator-activated receptor,PPAR)、肝X受体(liver X receptor,LXR)、胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1 (sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1,SREBP-1)、特异性蛋白1(specificity protein 1,Sp1)及核因子Y(nuclear factor Y, NF-Y)等转录因子的结合位点,本研究为ELOVL6基因启动子的功能研究提供理论依据. 相似文献
9.
为了研究水曲柳中同源SnRK2转录因子的功能,在水曲柳干旱响应转录组中寻得SnRK2B的同源序列并克隆得到SnRK2B转录因子基因全长,将其命名为FmSnRK2B。使用SiteFinding-PCR法扩增获得SnRK2B启动子序列,并对FmSnRK2B基因编码区及其启动子进行生物信息学分析和启动子顺式调控元件分析。结果表明,克隆得到的全长序列包含完整的开放阅读框1074bp,编码357个氨基酸。启动子顺式作用元件分析结果表明,其启动子区包含脱落酸应答元件ABRE及胁迫相关元件HSE、MBS等。干旱胁迫下,FmSnRK2B基因的表达随胁迫时间的延长先增加后降低,表明其参与植株的抗逆过程。本研究对进一步揭示水曲柳的抗逆机制具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
3-磷酸-甘油醛脱氢酶(glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH)广泛地存在于各种生物体内,是生物体内糖异生和糖酵解过程中的关键酶。为了获取长武134小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)GAPDH上游序列并分析其启动子活性,本研究根据小麦GAPDH基因(GenBank登录号:EF592180.1)5'端序列设计特异引物,利用基因组步移法获得了该基因上游1071bp的序列;对该序列进行结构分析表明,转录起始位点可能位于起始密码子上游约700bp处;PlantCARE预测瞬时作用元件表明,在翻译起始密码子ATG的上游含有启动子基本结构元件TATA-box、CAAT框,以及能够应答脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、干旱、低温等非生物胁迫逆境因子的多种顺式作用元件(如MYB、MYC、WRKY、ABRE、HSE和GT-1等);然后用GAPDH基因启动子序列替换植物表达载体pBI121GUS基因前的CaMV35S启动子,并构建启动子融合表达载体,并通过农杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)EHA105介导转化烟草(Nicotianatabacum)叶盘进行了瞬时表达分析,以GUS作为报告基因研究在ABA、干旱、低温3种非生物胁迫下启动子的活性。结果显示,ABA、低温和干旱对启动子有较明显的诱导效应,其中以干旱诱导最为显著。本研究通过基因组步移克隆得到GAPDH基因的启动子,分析表明此启动子为有着强启动活性的诱导型启动子。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
15.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献