共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
东乡野生稻杂交后代生育早期耐冷性和耐旱性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究东乡野生稻与栽培稻杂交后代耐冷性和耐旱性,为水稻耐冷和耐旱育种提供优异的中间材料。在不同温度下,以发芽率、发芽指数及活苗率为鉴定指标进行了耐冷性鉴定。用8个与抗旱有关性状进行了苗期抗旱性鉴定。结果表明:(1)7~10℃低温下,M65、M132的发芽率及发芽指数均明显高于其他参试品系,说明品系M65和M132具有较强的发芽期耐冷性。7℃/10d低温胁迫下,品系M10和M117活苗率较高,分别为72%和81.25%,说明品系M10和M117的具有很强的芽期耐冷性。7~10℃的低温处理和7℃/10d低温胁迫分别为籼稻发芽期和芽期耐冷性鉴定的合适条件。(2)品系M61、M117的苗期综合抗旱D值较大,说明品系M61、M117具有较强的苗期耐旱性。这些材料可在水稻耐冷性、耐旱性育种及东乡野生稻耐性机理研究中加以利用。 相似文献
2.
选用对温度敏感性不同的棉花品种为试验材料,研究外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠（SNP）对棉花种子吸胀期间的耐冷性及发芽力的影响。结果表明,一氧化氮引发处理棉花种子,能提高低温胁迫期间胚内过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化酶（APX）活性,以及可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸（Pro）含量,降低了相对电导率及丙二醛（MDA）含量,同时显著提高发芽率,并显著缩短发芽时间。低温吸胀48 h后,与对照相比,SNP处理后种子的发芽率平均提高29.85%,发芽时间平均缩短3 d。因此,一氧化氮处理能提高棉花种子吸胀期间的耐冷性,提高低温胁迫下种子发芽能力。 相似文献
3.
旨为分析不同西瓜品种在发芽期的耐冷特性、苗期的生长特性、光合作用及生理生化方面的差异,筛选出西瓜耐冷性的综合鉴定指标和鉴定方法,为实际生产上选育耐冷性的西瓜种质资源提供依据。通过对12份西瓜材料进行耐冷性比较,初步筛选出3个耐冷性不同的西瓜材料,对这3个材料进行低温处理。结果表明：不同处理时间下,各品种的冷害指数有差异。通过测定处理6d和8d时的冷害指数,得出各品种耐低温性强弱,从中选出耐低温性品种红野一号、中等耐低温性品种抗病苏蜜和冷敏感品种橙兰。15℃低温条件下,耐冷性品种红野一号的发芽率、相对发芽率、胚根长及相对胚根长最高。15℃可作为西瓜种子发芽期耐低温性鉴定的适宜温度;种子的始发芽日期、相对发芽率、相对胚根长可作为西瓜芽期耐低温鉴定指标。三叶一心的西瓜幼苗低温处理后,植株的生长量降低,光合速率下降,植株叶片的酶活性增加,MDA含量上升,各指标的变化幅度与低温处理强度及品种自身耐冷性相关。得出植株的株高、叶面积、株鲜质量、根干质量、净光合速率( Pn)、Chl a/b比值、MDA含量的变化幅度可作为西瓜耐低温品种筛选的鉴定指标。 相似文献
4.
低温冷害是北方春玉米区主要的气象灾害之一。通过种子低温发芽试验对8个东北地区生产上主要利用的玉米自交系进行芽期耐冷性鉴定。在常温（25℃）和低温（10℃）条件下分别测定了发芽势、发芽率、平均发芽时间、发芽指数、幼苗干重和活力指数等,并以各性状低温与常温下测定值的比值（相对值）作为耐冷性鉴定指标。通过聚类分析将自交系分为耐冷性强中弱3类,其中PH4CV、吉419和吉495耐冷性强,H21耐冷性中等,W9706、黄早四、丹黄02和四279耐冷性弱。相关性分析表明,相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对幼苗干重与相对活力指数呈极显著相关,可以作为玉米自交系芽期耐冷性鉴定指标。本试验为大规模鉴定和筛选芽期耐冷玉米种质奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
种子萌发是作物形态建成的起始阶段,由其自身属性和环境因素共同决定。低温是影响种子萌发的重要因素之一,探讨低温环境下种子自身属性与其萌发的关系对东北春播玉米生产具有重要意义。本研究选用东北主推的36个玉米品种以6℃为低温胁迫, 15℃适温为对照,测定了其发芽势、发芽率、种子形态和内含物等指标。通过主成分分析、耐冷性综合评价值(CL值)、隶属函数值(R值),对36个玉米品种进行耐冷性评价,分析了种子形态(粒长、粒宽、粒厚度、长宽比、百粒体积和百粒重)、贮藏物质(淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪)与其耐冷性的关系。结果表明,在低温胁迫下,36个玉米品种的发芽势和发芽率均受到不同程度的抑制,相对发芽势冷害率和相对发芽冷害率的变异最大。7个表征耐冷性的单项指标之间显著相关,主成分分析可将7个单项指标转化为2个独立的综合指标,其中相对发芽势和相对发芽率的正向贡献率最大,可作为玉米品种耐冷性评价的关键指标。聚类分析将36个品种划为强耐冷型(19.4%)、耐冷型(30.6%)、一般型(33.3%)和敏感型(16.7%)4种类型,其中,吉单56、垦吉267、绥玉23、吉单953、垦吉268、吉单96和吉单95为强耐冷... 相似文献
6.
吉林地区甜玉米种子低温发芽临界温度的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在6,8,11,26℃黑暗条件下分别对栽培于吉林地区的4份甜玉米品种进行发芽试验,对各品种的发芽率和发芽指数进行统计计算,并在上述试验指标基础上计算出供试甜玉米品种的发芽临界温度。结果表明,低温延长了甜玉米种子的发芽时间,降低了其发芽率。供试4种甜玉米品种在低温下发芽能力差异显著,对低温的承受能力不同,在低温条件下发芽的临界点不同。发芽临界温度可以对苗期耐冷性做出可靠估计。 相似文献
7.
东北地区易发生低温冷害,筛选耐冷性强的玉米种质资源,选育优良耐冷品种是目前亟待解决的问题。本试验以沈阳农业大学特种玉米所提供的30份甜玉米自交系为试验材料,利用人工气候箱模拟低温环境条件,对不同甜玉米自交系进行低温胁迫和标准发芽试验,分别测定发芽率、活力指数、苗长、根长、苗干、鲜重、根干、鲜重等指标,并计算各个指标相对值、隶属函数值及综合D值等耐冷性评价指标,对30份自交系的耐冷性进行综合评价。采用聚类分析的方法将自交系分为耐冷性强、耐冷性中等、低温敏感3类,其T12和T21是耐冷性强自交系,T10和T27是低温敏感自交系。本试验采用低温处理的方法筛选出一批耐冷性强的自交系,为甜玉米耐冷品种的选育及生理生化、分子生物学研究提供了优良多样的基因资源。 相似文献
8.
VA菌根菌抗冷菌株的筛选及其对茄子抗冷性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了筛选对茄子抗冷性相关的VA菌根，从来源于不同地区、不同作物的37份根际土样中分离得到302个VA菌根菌单孢，将其接种茄子并进行8℃低温处理，根据茄子幼苗在低温下的冷害指数进行抗冷性初步筛选，得到6个侵染率较高的抗冷性菌株，分别定名为G.sp1，G.sp2，G.sp3，G.sp4，G.sp5，G.sp6。其中G.sp2菌株的抗冷性明显优于其它菌株，为强抗冷性菌株。对接种6个不同菌株的茄子品种CN18苗期的电解质的外渗率、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）等保护酶的活性及可溶性糖含量的测定表明6个不同菌株均能保护细胞膜结构，改善其的生理代谢，提高其的抗冷性。用G.sp2菌株接种6个不同的茄子品种分别测定了侵染率和冷害指数及电解质外渗率、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性，结果表明G.sp2菌株对不同的茄子品种都有较高的侵染率，并能显著增强不同品种茄子的抗冷性，为强的抗冷性菌株。 相似文献
9.
10.
多胺对玉米种子吸胀期间耐冷性和种子发芽能力的影响 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：18
以玉米耐寒自交系黄C和低温敏感自交系Mo17为材料, 研究了亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)引发对玉米种子吸胀中的耐冷性和种子发芽能力的影响。种子经0.25 mmol L-1的Spd和Spm引发72 h后, 在5℃下低温吸胀不同时间(12、24、36和48 h)。结果表明, Spd和Spm引发提高了胁迫期间两自交系胚内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性, 以及可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸(Pro)含量, 降低了胚渗出液的核苷酸含量, 同时显著提高发芽率, 并显著缩短平均发芽时间。低温吸胀48 h后, 与对照相比, Spd和Spm处理分别提高两自交系种子的平均发芽率18.5%和14.0%, 分别缩短平均发芽时间1.21 d和1.14 d。黄C在种子吸胀期间的耐冷性强于Mo17。总之, Spd和Spm处理能提高玉米种子吸胀期间的耐冷性, 提高低温胁迫下种子发芽能力。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
16.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
17.
B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
18.
In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
19.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
20.
不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献