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1.
Current yeast interactome network maps contain several hundred molecular complexes with limited and somewhat controversial representation of direct binary interactions. We carried out a comparative quality assessment of current yeast interactome data sets, demonstrating that high-throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening provides high-quality binary interaction information. Because a large fraction of the yeast binary interactome remains to be mapped, we developed an empirically controlled mapping framework to produce a "second-generation" high-quality, high-throughput Y2H data set covering approximately 20% of all yeast binary interactions. Both Y2H and affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (AP/MS) data are of equally high quality but of a fundamentally different and complementary nature, resulting in networks with different topological and biological properties. Compared to co-complex interactome models, this binary map is enriched for transient signaling interactions and intercomplex connections with a highly significant clustering between essential proteins. Rather than correlating with essentiality, protein connectivity correlates with genetic pleiotropy.  相似文献   

2.
Plants have unique features that evolved in response to their environments and ecosystems. A full account of the complex cellular networks that underlie plant-specific functions is still missing. We describe a proteome-wide binary protein-protein interaction map for the interactome network of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana containing about 6200 highly reliable interactions between about 2700 proteins. A global organization of plant biological processes emerges from community analyses of the resulting network, together with large numbers of novel hypothetical functional links between proteins and pathways. We observe a dynamic rewiring of interactions following gene duplication events, providing evidence for a model of evolution acting upon interactome networks. This and future plant interactome maps should facilitate systems approaches to better understand plant biology and improve crops.  相似文献   

3.
Herpesviral protein networks and their interaction with the human proteome   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The comprehensive yeast two-hybrid analysis of intraviral protein interactions in two members of the herpesvirus family, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), revealed 123 and 173 interactions, respectively. Viral protein interaction networks resemble single, highly coupled modules, whereas cellular networks are organized in separate functional submodules. Predicted and experimentally verified interactions between KSHV and human proteins were used to connect the viral interactome into a prototypical human interactome and to simulate infection. The analysis of the combined system showed that the viral network adopts cellular network features and that protein networks of herpesviruses and possibly other intracellular pathogens have distinguishing topologies.  相似文献   

4.
To obtain a global view of functional interactions among genes in a metazoan genome, we computationally integrated interactome data, gene expression data, phenotype data, and functional annotation data from three model organisms-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster-and predicted genome-wide genetic interactions in C. elegans. The resulting genetic interaction network (consisting of 18,183 interactions) provides a framework for system-level understanding of gene functions. We experimentally tested the predicted interactions for two human disease-related genes and identified 14 new modifiers.  相似文献   

5.
农田林网内土壤水分变化动态的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本文通过大量的野外观测资料,分析了林网内土壤水分的变化动态。结果表明:在整个生长季节中,林网内土壤湿度、贮水量、有效水量均高于林外。林网内土壤水分的分布规律是N3H 处最高,N5H 处最低。在林网保护下,还可以节约用水,提高灌溉效益。林网内土壤水分的分布和小麦产量的分布规律是一致的,并用回归方程很好地拟合了冬小麦产量(Kg/m~2)和土壤贮水量(mm)的关系。Y=0.04294+0.004381X(r=0.92)  相似文献   

6.
紫薇异倍体的杂交亲和性分析及子代倍性鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以二倍体红薇(H,2n)、三倍体紫薇(Z,3n)、四倍体紫薇(Z,4n)及四倍体银薇(Y,4n)为试材,进行杂交试验,检测紫薇异倍体杂交的亲和性,并采用细胞学倍性鉴定法对杂交子代的倍性进行鉴定和比较。结果显示:不同杂交组合子代的结实特性以及种子的出苗率均存在差异,其中Z(4n)×H(2n)的单果重(0.22 g)、单果种子数(40.1)、千粒重(1.79 g)及出苗率(36.4%)均高于H(2n)×Y(4n),且差异达到显著水平,表明在二倍体与四倍体的杂交中,四倍体作为母本的亲和性更高;H(2n)×Z(3n)后代倍性主要为非整倍体,占80%以上,其次是2n,占11.8%;Y(4n)×H(2n)后代倍性主要为3n,占50%,其次是非整倍体,占40%;H(2n)×Z(3n)后代中,1株为3n,2株为非整倍体;Y(4n)×H(2n)后代中,6株为3n,3株为非整倍体;H(2n)×Y(4n)后代幼苗中,1株为2n,1株为3n;Z(4n)×Z(4n)后代中,1株为4n;在杂交组合H(2n)×Z(3n)、Y(4n)×H(2n)及H(2n)×Y(4n)后代中还出现三子叶变异的幼苗。  相似文献   

7.
为了解鸭源H4N6亚型禽流感病毒A/duck/Shanghai/Y20/2006(DK/SH/Y20/06)的来源、特征及其分子演化规律,进一步丰富水禽流感病毒的基因库,对该病毒8个基因片段分别进行了扩增和序列测定,利用分子生物学软件对测序结果进行序列分析,并与GenBank登录的相关病毒进行了遗传演化分析。结果表明,DK/SH/Y20/06的HA基因切割位点附近的氨基酸序列(PEKASR↓GLF)符合低致病力AIV的特征,其分子遗传演化关系属于欧亚分支;NA基因与A/mallard/Yanchen/2005(H4N6)在同一分支内,核苷酸序列同源性为98.3%;而PB2、PB1、NP、PA基因与目前在国内流行的H6亚型禽流感病毒关系密切;M基因与A/environment/Korea/CSM05/2004(H3N1)处于同一分支;而NS基因与A/wild duck/Korea/YS44/2004(H1N2)同源性最高。且DK/SH/Y20/06的8个基因与美洲H4N6亚型AIV分离株均不处在同一遗传进化分支上,相互之间遗传关系较远。可见,DK/SH/Y20/06可能是由H4N6、H6N2、H6N5、H3N1和H1N2等不同亚型来源的基因在鸭体内经过复杂重组演变的一株重组病毒。  相似文献   

8.
氮(N)是控制玉米产量的主要限制性因素,玉米对氮素的利用效率可以通过增加碳(C)的有效性得以改善。玉米转运蛋白ZmSTP1和ZmAAP2在植物C/N产物的运输和卸载过程中起着重要作用,且两个基因的启动子区域均含有一个硝酸盐响应顺式元件(nitrate responsive cis element,NRE)。NIN-like protein(NLP)是一类保守的植物特异性转录因子,已在多种植物被证实在调控N响应中发挥关键作用,其中玉米ZmNLP5是介导氮信号转导和代谢分子网络的中枢基因之一。为了明确ZmNLP5是否能与ZmSTP1和ZmAAP2基因启动子区域的NRE结合,以玉米B73为实验材料,首次利用酵母单杂交技术检测ZmNLP5与ZmSTP1、ZmAAP2基因启动子区域的相互作用。结果表明,将pGADT7-ZmNLP5-1/2分别转化Y1H (pAbAi-ZmSTP1)和Y1H(pAbAi-ZmAAP2)菌株后,在SD/-Leu培养基上均有菌落生长,在含AbA抗生素浓度为200 ng·mL-1的SD/-Leu培养基中只有Y1H(pAbAi-ZmAAP2/pGADT7-ZmNLP5-1 )菌株能正常生长。结果说明,ZmNLP5只与ZmAAP2基因启动子区域相互作用,ZmNLP5是能与ZmAAP2基因启动子NRE结合的转录因子。本研究结果不仅有助于进一步了解玉米硝酸盐信号转导的调控途径,也为今后其他植物硝酸盐信号转导的研究提供理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
【背景】辣椒作为一种在世界范围内普遍栽培的蔬菜,具有喜温不耐热的特性。随着近些年极端高温天气出现日渐频繁,热胁迫已经成为影响辣椒生产的主要环境因素之一,明确辣椒的耐热机制进而培育耐热品种对辣椒生产具有重要的意义。【目的】热激转录因子HsfA2在植物耐热性中发挥重要作用,筛选辣椒CaHsfA2上游的转录因子,并分析后者在辣椒耐热性形成中的作用,为进一步阐明辣椒耐热分子机制提供理论依据。【方法】以CaHsfA2起始密码子上游的955 bp启动子序列为诱饵,利用酵母单杂交（Y1H）技术,筛选CaHsfA2的上游转录因子,并通过Y1H点对点杂交、双荧光素酶报告系统（Dual-Luciferase）与萤火素酶互补技术（LCA）进一步验证二者之间的互作关系。利用qRT-PCR技术分析热胁迫下CaHsfA2上游转录因子在辣椒耐热品系‘R9’中的动态表达模式;利用基因瞬时表达技术分析上游转录因子的亚细胞定位;利用病毒诱导的基因沉默技术（VIGS）分析CaHsfA2上游转录因子的耐热功能。【结果】筛选获得了CaHsfA2上游转录因子CaBES1,验证了二者的互作关系,通过分析双荧光素酶报告系统的结果及CaBES1沉默辣椒植株中CaHsfA2的表达量发现,转录因子CaBES1对CaHsfA2具有转录抑制作用。亚细胞定位结果表明,CaBES1在细胞膜和细胞核上均有表达,热胁迫处理后细胞核内的荧光信号增强,符合其发挥生物学功能时由细胞质向细胞核转移的特性;动态表达模式分析表明,热胁迫下,CaBES1表达水平呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势,这也说明CaBES1可以响应热信号,为下一步对其耐热功能研究提供了支撑。辣椒CaBES1被沉默后,通过对比分析沉默植株和对照植株的表型、相对电导率、叶绿素含量等指标发现,CaBES1的沉默表达提高了CaHsfA2表达量并增强了辣椒的耐热性。【结论】CaBES1通过负调控CaHsfA2表达而抑制辣椒的耐热性。  相似文献   

10.
庹云 《安徽农业科学》2012,(36):17605-17607
[目的]为袁河花(鱼骨)形态种质资料提供基础生物学资料.[方法]以花(鱼骨)群体为研究对象,测量了140尾袁河花(鱼骨)的外部形态特征.[结果]袁河花(鱼骨)全长为体长的(1.21±0.0236)倍,体长为体高的(4.78±1.4965)倍、为头长的(3.76±0.2035)倍、为尾柄长的(6.68±1.0324)倍,头长为吻长的(2.80±0.3021)倍、为眼径的(4.01±0.3939)倍、为眼间距的(3.21±1.1515)倍,为头宽的(2.10±0.3075)倍,为头高的(1.81±0.1484)倍,为口裂宽的(4.44±0.6499)倍,尾柄长为尾柄高的(1.68±0.2866)倍.体重与体长的相关式为W=0.0224L29168(R2=0.9576).肥满度系数(K)为1.57±0.1908,空壳重与体重比值(V)为0.87士0.0572,花(鱼骨)肠道系数(Ci)为1.08±0.1261,体长与肠长呈线性关系,其相关方程为:Y=1.2624X-2.8109(r2 =0.7934).除内脏重、性腺重、成熟系数外,雌雄个体其他外形参数无显著差异(P＞0.05).[结论]袁河花(鱼骨)呈负异速生长.  相似文献   

11.
Protein interactions regulate the systems-level behavior of cells; thus, deciphering the structure and dynamics of protein interaction networks in their cellular context is a central goal in biology. We have performed a genome-wide in vivo screen for protein-protein interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of a protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA). We identified 2770 interactions among 1124 endogenously expressed proteins. Comparison with previous studies confirmed known interactions, but most were not known, revealing a previously unexplored subspace of the yeast protein interactome. The PCA detected structural and topological relationships between proteins, providing an 8-nanometer-resolution map of dynamically interacting complexes in vivo and extended networks that provide insights into fundamental cellular processes, including cell polarization and autophagy, pathways that are evolutionarily conserved and central to both development and human health.  相似文献   

12.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the elderly whose etiology remains largely unknown. Previous studies identified chromosome 1q32 as harboring a susceptibility locus for AMD. We used single-nucleotide polymorphisms to interrogate this region and identified a strongly associated haplotype in two independent data sets. DNA resequencing of the complement factor H gene within this haplotype revealed a common coding variant, Y402H, that significantly increases the risk for AMD with odds ratios between 2.45 and 5.57. This common variant likely explains approximately 43% of AMD in older adults.  相似文献   

13.
The glycoprotein 5(GP5) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) is a multi-functional protein that plays important roles in virus assembly,entry and viral anti-host responses.In the present study,we investigated the cellular binding partners of GP5 by using lentivirus transduction coupled with immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry.There were about 40 cellular proteins identified with high Confidence Icons by MS/MS.Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)indicated that these proteins could be assigned to different functional classes and networks.Furthermore,we validated some of the interactions by co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP) and confocal microscopy,including those with mitofilin,a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that might be involved in PRRSV or GP5-induced apoptosis,and calnexin,a protein chaperone that might facilitate the folding and maturation of GP5.The interactome data contribute to understand the role and molecular mechanisms of GP5 in PRRSV pathogenesis.  相似文献   

14.
利用生命表技术评价甜玉米品种对亚洲玉米螟的抗性   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
 利用亚洲玉米螟实验种群生命表和自然种群生命表方法评价甜玉米品种对亚洲玉米螟的抗虫性 ,结果得出亚洲玉米螟对不同甜玉米品种的抗性大小依次为 :穗甜 2号 >奥甜 2号 >华 1>奥甜 1号 >超甜 2 0。从抗虫性的角度考虑 ,在生产上栽培穗甜 2号将有利于对亚洲玉米螟的控制  相似文献   

15.
The ZFY gene in the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a "zinc-finger" protein that may be the testis-determining factor, TDF. Although the Y chromosomes of most placental mammals carry a single homolog of ZFY, the mouse Y chromosome has two homologs, both in the sex-determining (Sxr) region. Zfy-1 alone may suffice to determine maleness; Zfy-2 is dispensable, as it was deleted in an Sxr variant that retains sex-determining function but has lost other genes. Both loci mapped near the centromere of the mouse Y chromosome. The Y chromosomes of the subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus were distinguishable by a Zfy-1 restriction fragment polymorphism, which can be used to study their differing interactions with autosomal sex-determining genes.  相似文献   

16.
Both the additive and multiplicative models of crop yield and water supply are polynomial equations,and the number of parameters increases linearly when the growing period is specified.However,interactions among multiple parameters occasionally lead to unreasonable estimations of certain parameters,which were water sensitivity coefficients but with negative value.Additionally,evapotranspiration must be measured as a model input.To facilitate the application of these models and overcome the aforementioned shortcomings,a simple model with only three parameters was derived in this paper based on certain general quantitative relations of crop yield(Y) and water supply(W).The new model,Y/Y_m-W~k/(W~k+w_h~k),fits an S or a saturated curve of crop yield with the cumulative amount of water.Three parameters are related to biological factors:the yield potential(Y_m),the water requirement to achieve half of the yield potential(half-yield water requirement,w_h),and the water sensitivity coefficient(k).The model was validated with data from 24 maize lines obtained in the present study and17 maize hybrids published by other authors.The results showed that the model was well fit to the data,and the normal root of the mean square error(NRMSE) values were 2.8 to 17.8%(average 7.2%) for the 24 maize lines and 2.7 to 12.7%(average 7.4%) for the 17 maize varieties.According to the present model,the maize water-sensitive stages in descending order were pollen shedding and silking,tasselling,jointing,initial grain filling,germination,middle grain filling,late grain filling,and end of grain filling.This sequence was consistent with actual observations in the maize field.The present model may be easily used to analyse the water use efficiency and drought tolerance of maize at specific stages.  相似文献   

17.
以培矮64S、Y58S、广占63–2S、H638S为材料,R527为恢复系,在育性敏感期利用人工气候室以24、27、30、33、36℃5个温度连续处理6 d,以田间自然温度条件作对照(CK,平均温度29.8℃),研究温度对不育系幼穗生理生化特性和抽穗开花期异交特性的影响。结果表明:培矮64S和Y58S在27℃处理时柱头总外露率最高,分别为86.81%、86.06%,广占63–2S和H638S在24℃处理时柱头总外露率最高,分别76.24%、81.76%;4个不育系的柱头活力系数均在24℃处理时表现最好,分别为1.96、2.12、1.74、1.94;培矮64S、广占63–2S和H638S在24℃处理时异交结实率最高,分别为58.87%、54.22%、50.50%,Y58S在27℃处理时异交结实率最高,为58.96%;33℃处理时,4个不育系的过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著高于对照;36℃处理时,4个不育系丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸的含量显著高于对照。综合以上结果,培矮64S育性敏感期以24℃处理较好,Y58S、广占63–2S、H638S育性敏感期以27℃处理较好。  相似文献   

18.
The hinge region on the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G interacts with at least four different natural protein scaffolds that bind at a common site between the C(H2) and C(H3) domains. This "consensus" site was also dominant for binding of random peptides selected in vitro for high affinity (dissociation constant, about 25 nanomolar) by bacteriophage display. Thus, this site appears to be preferred owing to its intrinsic physiochemical properties, and not for biological function alone. A 2.7 angstrom crystal structure of a selected 13-amino acid peptide in complex with Fc demonstrated that the peptide adopts a compact structure radically different from that of the other Fc binding proteins. Nevertheless, the specific Fc binding interactions of the peptide strongly mimic those of the other proteins. Juxtaposition of the available Fc-complex crystal structures showed that the convergent binding surface is highly accessible, adaptive, and hydrophobic and contains relatively few sites for polar interactions. These are all properties that may promote cross-reactive binding, which is common to protein-protein interactions and especially hormone-receptor complexes.  相似文献   

19.
在盆载、田间栽培条件下,开展了4种生物制剂（Y1、Y2、Y4和Y5）拌种对大豆促生作用、产量影响的研究。结果表明,YI、Y2、Y4和Y5的拌种量分别为1．5％、1．5％、2％、2％时,对大豆苗期促生作用较好。另一方面,4种生物制剂不同程度地促进了干物质积累和大豆株高的增加。在VC～R1期,其中Y4处理对株高作用最强,Y1和Y2处理次之;其中Yl和Y2处理明显促进了干物质积累,Y4和Y5处理次之。综合分析表明,Y1和Y2拌种,促进植株生长,提高籽粒产量。  相似文献   

20.
Better understanding of genotype-by-environment interaction （GEI） is expected to provide a solid foundation for genetic improvement of crop productivity especially under drought-prone environments. To elucidate the genetic basis of the plant and ear height, 2 F2：3 populations were derived from the crosses of Qi 319 × Huangzaosi （Q/H） and Ye 478 × Huangzaosi （Y/H） with 230 and 235 families, respectively, and their parents were evaluated under 3 diverse environments in Henan, Beijing, and Xinjiang, China during the year of 2007 and 2008, and all the lines were also evaluated under water stress environment. The mapping results showed that a total of 21 and 12 QTLs were identified for plant height in the Q/H and Y/H population, respectively, and 24 and 13 QTLs for ear height, respectively. About 56 and 73% of the QTLs for 2 traits did not present significant QTL-by-environment interaction （QE1） in the normal joint analyses for Q/H and Y/H population, respectively, and about 73% of the QTLs detected did not show significant QEI according to joint analyses for stress condition in Q/H. Most of the detected major QTLs exhibited high stability across different environments. Besides, several major QTLs were detected with large and consistent effect under normal condition （Chr. 6 and 7 in Q/H; Chr. 1, 3 and 9 in Y/H）, or across 2 water regimes （Chr. 1, 8 and 10 for in Q/H）. There were several constitutive QTLs （3 for Q/H and 1 for Y/H） with no or minor QTL-by-environment for the 2 populations. Finally, we found several genomic regions （Chr. 1, 10, etc.） to be co-located across the populations, which could provide useful reference for genetic improvement of these traits in maize breeding programs. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that 3 genes/genetic segments associated with plant height in rice were orthologous to these 3 identified genomic regions carrying the major QTLs for plant and ear height on Chr. 1, 6, and 8, respectively.  相似文献   

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