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1.
健康与感染青枯病烟株根际土壤与茎秆真菌群落结构与多样性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为研究感染青枯病后烟株根际土壤与茎秆真菌群落结构与多样性的变化,对健康和感染青枯病烟株的根际土壤、病株茎秆发病组织和健株茎秆健康组织等样品中真菌ITS区的rDNA进行了PCR扩增、用Illumina MiSeq测序技术对扩增DNA片段进行高通量测序,并分析不同样品的真菌群落组成与多样性。结果表明,所有烟株根际土壤中优势门为子囊菌门Ascomycota和接合菌门Zygomycota;所有茎秆样品中优势门为担子菌门Basidiomycota和子囊菌门。在属水平,被孢霉属Mortierella、镰刀菌属Fusarium和隐球菌属Cryptococcus为所有土壤中的主要菌属,Boeremia主要存在于发病烟株根际土壤中,而木霉属Trichoderma主要存在于健康烟株根际土壤。发病茎秆病害组织中优势属为小画线壳属Monographella、隐球菌属、鬼伞属Coprinopsis和赤霉属Gibberella;发病茎秆病健交界处组织中优势属为隐球菌属、红酵母属Rhodotorula和小画线壳属。健康烟株茎秆组织中优势属为隐球菌属、链格孢属Alternaria和红酵母属;健康烟株中与发病茎秆病健交界处组织等高茎秆中优势属为镰刀菌属、隐球菌属、链格孢属和Gibellulopsis。青枯菌侵染烟株后根际土壤、发病茎秆病害组织和发病茎秆病健交界处组织的真菌群落中物种丰富度与多样性均显著提高,且发病茎秆病害组织与发病茎秆病健交界处组织真菌群落的变化大于根际土壤。研究结果为烟草青枯病的生物防治提供了参考。 相似文献
2.
为明确烟草青枯病菌在根际的定殖情况和最适发病条件,采用绿色荧光蛋白(gfp)标记病原菌,监测其在根际的定殖位置及数量动态变化,并运用荧光定量PCR法测定病原菌在根际和土体土壤的数量,通过响应曲面法探索病原菌致病的临界浓度、发病最适温湿度以及对烟株青枯病发病的影响。结果表明,从贵州省烟田土壤中分离到烟草青枯病病原菌茄科劳尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum,gfp-标记的茄科尔劳尔氏菌主要定殖于根尖和根毛区,少数菌落定殖于初生根的延长区,定殖部分表现为非连续性;第10、15、20天根际土壤的茄科劳尔氏菌数量均显著高于土体土壤数量,分别是土体土壤中的1.15、1.33、1.42倍;当土壤中每克土病原菌数量为106.82 CFU、温度为30.55℃、相对湿度为81.42%以上时,烟草青枯病的病情指数最高为91.13,烟株易发生青枯病。表明茄科尔劳尔氏菌在根际土壤中比土体土壤更易定殖,烟草青枯病发病条件主要取决于病原菌浓度、温度以及相对湿度3项指标。 相似文献
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《植物医生》2020,(3)
复合微生物菌剂作为一种生物农药,在强化植物生物屏障、拮抗和抑制有害微生物以及保障农作物安全生产等方面越来越受到关注.为了使有益微生物有效定殖于烟草根际,赋予其抢先占据根际定殖位点的条件,充分发挥复合微生物菌剂的作用,本试验采用育苗基质拌菌的方法,分别在每667m~2所需育苗基质中混合50g,100g和150g的复合微生物菌剂苗强壮,研究不同添加比例对云烟87烟草生长和防控青枯病的效果.试验结果表明:苗强壮基质拌菌育苗处理可明显提升烟草苗期干质量和最大叶宽、团棵期叶片数和株高、旺长期最大叶宽、叶面积和株高等农艺性状,且以100g和150g处理的促进效果最优.苗强壮基质拌菌育苗各处理对烟草青枯病均有一定的防治效果,基于发病率(DI)和病情指数(DS)的病程进展曲线下面积(AUDPC)分析结果表明,100g处理的AUDPC显著低于空白对照,说明100g处理用量的苗强壮基质拌菌在"防"和"控"两方面均有最好的效果.结合农艺性状和对青枯病的防效等指标综合分析,每667m2所需育苗基质中混合100g复合微生菌剂苗强壮的效果最优,建议为合适用量. 相似文献
4.
本研究利用高通量测序技术研究了北京地区番茄青枯病健康与发病植株根际细菌组成差异,构建相关性网络,并从健康植株根际分离和筛选青枯菌拮抗菌群。结果显示,pH和速效磷是影响各采样地区土壤细菌群落组成的主要因子;发病植株根际土壤群落结构比健康植株更复杂,群落间相互作用数量增多;网络分析表明有15个属与Ralstonia直接相关;通过拮抗实验获得14株对青枯菌具有显著拮抗能力的根际细菌,其中包括3个不常见拮抗细菌类群,为无色杆菌属Achromobacter、剑菌属Ensifer和赖氨酸芽胞杆菌属Lysinibacillus。该研究结果为北京地区番茄青枯病预警和防控提供了理论基础和资源储备。 相似文献
5.
哈茨木霉菌对水稻幼苗根际土壤微生物和酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用钵盘育苗试验,研究了哈茨木霉菌在调节水稻苗床土壤微生物群落及土壤酶活性中的作用。研究结果表明：哈茨木霉菌能有效调节水稻幼苗根际土壤微生物群落组成;哈茨木霉菌对细菌、真菌和放线菌数量的影响程度明显不同,播种28天后,哈茨木霉菌接种处理的水稻幼苗根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量较对照分别增加50.70%和48.56%,而真菌数量较对照减少16.15%,并且哈茨木霉菌数量较刚播种时增加了138.46%;哈茨木霉菌也能显著提高土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶的活性,分别较对照提高8.55%、18.31%和49.61%。研究表明,哈茨木霉菌具有改善土壤微生态环境的作用。 相似文献
6.
育苗基质中添加微生物菌剂对烟草生长及病害的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《植物医生》2018,(11)
为了从根本上抑制病原菌的侵染,提高有益微生物的竞争力和效果,采用育苗基质拌菌的方法,用土根本、恩格兰、中农绿康菌剂进行随机区组试验。试验结果表明,施用拮抗菌剂能促进烟株整体长势,其中中农绿康表现最好,其次是恩格兰、土根本。基质中添加微生物菌剂对烟草青枯病和黑胫病均有较好的防控效果,对花叶病有一定防控效果。 相似文献
7.
芽胞杆菌组合BCL-8对番茄的促生防病效果及其促生机制初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对芽胞杆菌组合BCL 8及其单一菌株对番茄的促生和抗病效果进行了比较研究。组合BCL 8可明显提高种子活力和发芽率,使发芽率提高10%;与单一菌株相比,组合BCL 8对番茄苗期的促生抗病作用更为显著,株高、鲜重和干重分别增加了117.08%、125.74%和140.51%,对番茄立枯病的防治效果达58.62%。采用福林 酚试剂法、3,5 二硝基水杨酸比色法和电导法分别测定组合BCL 8和单一菌株处理后种子的蛋白酶、α 淀粉酶和β 淀粉酶活性及发芽种子电导率的变化,结果表明,经组合BCL 8浸种处理后,种子的蛋白酶、α 淀粉酶和β 淀粉酶活性分别提高了299.91%、96.74%和99.98%,种子的电导率比对照降低了10.02%,初步揭示了BCL 8促进种子发芽的机制。 相似文献
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10.
荧光假单胞菌PEF-5#18防控番茄枯萎病的定殖机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过电转法成功将EGFP表达质粒p EGFP20转入对番茄枯萎病具有优良防病效果的荧光假单胞菌PEF-5#18体内,并研究了该生防菌在番茄根际土壤与植株根、茎内部组织的定殖情况。结果表明,处理25 d后,标记型与野生型生防菌处理均能有效控制番茄枯萎病害并增加植株鲜、干重量。与病原菌阳性对照相比,野生型菌株的防治效果为76.92%,鲜重增加194.10%,干重增加564.71%;接种后的PEF-5#18能良好定殖于番茄根际土壤并扩展进入植物根茎内部生长,其分布数量呈现出根际土壤(1.05×106 CFU/g)根(6.75×104 CFU/g)茎(1.25×102 CFU/g);与病原菌阳性对照相比,接种PEF-5#18对番茄根际土壤的可培养细菌总数影响差异不显著,但可显著提高根(增幅为8.42%)、茎(增幅为14.78%)内的可培养细菌总数以及根际土壤pH(增幅为1.61%);接种PEF-5#18能显著降低根际土壤与根、茎内病原菌侵染数量;激光共聚焦镜检发现,接种25 d后,PEF-5#18能大量分布于番茄根系表面、根内木质部、根内皮层细胞、根内细胞间隙、茎内维管及其周围细胞。 相似文献
11.
番茄枯萎病和青枯病拮抗细菌的筛选、评价与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从宁夏银川、江苏沭阳和福建厦门的番茄、辣椒、西瓜等作物根际土壤中,分离纯化获得367株细菌菌株。以番茄枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici和番茄青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum为靶标菌,从367株菌株中筛选出对两种病菌皆具有很强拮抗作用的菌株22株。拮抗细菌抑菌物质的研究结果表明：22株拮抗细菌均能分泌蛋白酶;不能分泌几丁质酶;3株细菌能分泌纤维素酶;3株细菌能分泌嗜铁素。盆栽试验结果表明：拮抗细菌PTS-394对番茄枯萎病和青枯病的防效最高,分别为77.4%和80%;菌株H-70、L-1和SJ-280对番茄枯萎病和青枯病的防效均大于60%。对上述4株拮抗细菌进行16S rRNA种属鉴定,均为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。 相似文献
12.
青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株的构建及其防效评价模型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用青枯雷尔氏菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)无致病力菌株防治番茄青枯病具有很好的应用潜力。作者通过分离筛选自然弱毒株、60Co辐射诱变和EZ-Tn5插入诱变,分别获得3、12和40株青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株。经盆栽番茄苗致病性检测,15 d后均未发病,证实均为无致病力青枯雷尔氏菌。进一步对番茄青枯病的防治试验表明,从番茄青枯病发病田块分离的无致病力突变菌株FJAT1458的防治效果最好,防效达100%。该菌株能定殖番茄植株根系土壤、根部和茎部,定殖数量均表现为“先增后减”的趋势,并且接种浓度越大、苗龄越小,定殖数量越大。从构建的防效模型可以看出,不同接种浓度条件下,植株发病率随时间变化符合的回归方程不同,相关系数R值也不同,接种浓度越大,R值越小。本研究获得的青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力突变菌株FJAT1458对番茄青枯病具有很好的防病效果。 相似文献
13.
青枯病植物疫苗对番茄根系土壤微生物群落结构的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨青枯雷尔氏菌无致病力菌株FJAT-1458作为青枯病植物疫苗菌株对番茄根系土壤微生物群接种处理后番茄根系土壤微生物PLFAs组成、含量、微生物群落结构及多样性的变化。结果表明,与清水对照相比,接种菌株FJAT-1458后,番茄根系土壤微生物脂肪酸组成及含量发生了明显变化,可分为减少型、无变化型和增加型。进一步分析表明,菌株FJAT-1458能促进番茄根系土壤微生物总量、细菌总量和真菌总量的增加,增加幅度分别为5.98%~47.36%、2.07%~58.07%和5.65%~74.42%,对放线菌生长起到先抑制后促进作用。此外,接种菌株FJAT-1458后番茄根系土壤微生物群落的Shannon-wiener指数显著增加,21 d增加量最高(13.32%)。聚类分析表明,菌株FJAT-1458处理组与对照组的番茄根系土壤微生物均划分为3个群落类型(兰氏距离分别为3.28和4.62),但它们各自群落组成及特征不同;同时主成分分析也将2种处理划分在2个不同类群中。上述结果说明菌株FJAT-1458处理能明显改变番茄根系土壤微生物群落结构,增加其多样性,从而提高土壤微生态系统的稳定性,增强土壤抑制病害能力。 相似文献
14.
It recently has been reported that the non-plant-pathogenic oomycete Pythium oligandrum suppresses bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato. As one approach to determine disease-suppressive mechanisms of action, we analyzed the colonization of P. oligandrum in rhizospheres of tomato using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The real-time PCR specifically quantified P. oligandrum in the tomato rhizosphere that is reliable over a range of 0.1 pg to 1 ng of P. oligandrum DNA from 25 mg dry weight of soil. Rhizosphere populations of P. oligandrum from tomato grown for 3 weeks in both unsterilized and sterilized field soils similarly increased with the initial application of at least 5 x 10(5) oospores per plant. Confocal microscopic observation also showed that hyphal development was frequent on the root surface and some hyphae penetrated into root epidermis. However, rhizosphere population dynamics after transplanting into sterilized soil showed that the P. oligandrum population decreased with time after transplanting, particularly at the root tips, indicating that this biocontrol fungus is rhizosphere competent but does not actively spread along roots. Protection over the long term from root-infecting pathogens does not seem to involve direct competition. However, sparse rhizosphere colonization of P. oligandrum reduced the bacterial wilt as well as more extensive colonization, which did not reduce the rhizosphere population of R. solanacearum. These results suggest that competition for infection sites and nutrients in rhizosphere is not the primary biocontrol mechanism of bacterial wilt by P. oligandrum. 相似文献
15.
Intercropping and soil amendment experiments were conducted to determine if they reduced populations of Pseudomonas solanacearum and bacterial wilt of tomato at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) and at three other locations in Taiwan. At AVRDC, intercropping tomato with cowpea planted within the row significantly reduced bacterial wilt ( P < 0.05) compared to when tomato was cropped alone. The P. solanacearum population in soil was not affected by intercropping with cowpea, soybean, or Welsh onion. At the same site, however, a preplanting soil amendment consisting of urea (200 kg ha−1 N) and CaO (5000 kg ha−1 ) significantly reduced the pathogen population and tomato bacterial wilt ( P < 0.001). The effect of the soil amendment was not consistent when applied to soil from three other sites in Taiwan; in soil from two sites no reduction of the pathogen population occurred. At these sites, tomato bacterial wilt in the field was not reduced significantly after amending. In comparison with a non-amended control, the addition of only CaO reduced the P. solanacearum population in AVRDC soil significantly ( P < 0.05), but the reduction was significantly greater when the complete soil amendment was added. In contrast, urea alone did not affect the survival of P. solanacearum in the soil. In a greenhouse experiment with AVRDC soil, P. solanacearum was undetectable 2 weeks after soil amendment, but in the same treatment tomato yield was significantly reduced by 48% ( P < 0.05) compared with non-amended treatments. The suppressive effect of the soil amendment on the P. solanacearum population was probably due to the generation of one or several toxic substances during the transformation of urea in the presence of CaO. 相似文献
16.
Induction of transient ethylene and reduction in severity of tomato bacterial wilt by Pythium oligandrum 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Pythium oligandrum (PO) is a mycoparasite on a wide range of fungi and suppresses diseases caused by fungal pathogens when colonizing the rhizosphere. PO and its cell wall proteins (CWPs) have elicitor activity that induces defence responses in plants. The potential of a mycelial homogenate of PO to suppress bacterial diseases was studied in roots of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom) inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum . PO-treated plants showed enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and reduction in severity of wilt symptoms. As ethylene often acts as one of the signal molecules for induced resistance, its production following treatment of tomato roots with the mycelial homogenate or CWP of PO was measured. The level of ethylene in PO- and CWP-treated plants was transiently elevated six- to 11-fold at 4–8 h after treatment, followed by high expression of three basic ethylene-inducible defence-related genes ( PR-2b , PR-3b and PR-5b ). Analysis of PR-5b gene expression in the leaves of PO- and CWP-treated plants suggested that PR gene expression was induced systemically. The expression of LeERF2 and LeETR4 , which confer an ethylene-dependent signalling pathway, was also significantly accelerated by such treatments. These results indicate that PO has the potential to control bacterial wilt disease and that CWP may play an important role in the induction of resistance to R. solanacearum accompanying the activation of the ethylene-dependent signalling pathway. 相似文献
17.
在离体条件下测试了81株芽孢杆菌分离物抑制番茄青枯病菌的能力,有4个菌株(B2、B5、B7和B8)显示了较好的抑菌效果,经细菌生物学性状、Biolog和16S rDNA序列分析,B2菌株鉴定为短短小芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis),B5、B7和B8鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。在温室环境中,4个菌株都能不同程度的促进灭菌土和自然土的番茄生长,并能减轻番茄青枯病的发生。B2菌株显示了显著的抑菌作用,在灭菌土和自然土中分别降低了80.0%和87.4%的番茄青枯病发生率。 相似文献
18.
ATSUSHI OOSHIRO KAZUKO TAKAESU MASAHIRO NATSUME SATOSHI TABA Kanami Nasu MIKA UEHARA YORITOMO MURAMOTO 《Weed Biology and Management》2004,4(4):187-194
Fresh aerial tissue and roots of 14 wild plants in Okinawa prefecture were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum , which causes bacterial wilt of potato. A 70% aqueous ethanol extract of fresh aerial tissue of Geranium carolinianum L. showed strong antimicrobial activity against R. solanacearum . This extract also showed antimicrobial activity against the pathogens causing common scab of potato and soil rot of sweet potato. The antimicrobial substance could be extracted with hot water, and was effective against R. solanacearum in soil. In the field test, a treatment combining incorporation of dried aerial tissue into the soil and solarization was highly effective for control of bacterial wilt of potato. These findings suggest that G. carolinianum L. could be used as a biological agent for the control of bacterial wilt of potato. 相似文献
19.
本文研究了生防菌ANTI-8098A在番茄植株内的定殖及其对青枯病的生防特性,采用激光共聚焦显微技术观察了GFP标记菌株ANTI-8098A:pCM20在番茄根系的分布.ANTI-8098A及其标记菌株可很好地定殖于番茄植株内,在根内定殖浓度最高,达104～105cfu·g-1,茎部、叶片内次之,达103～104cfu·g-1;ANTI-8098A处理后番茄根系PPO活性显著提高,对番茄叶绿素含量有短期效应;处理后5～15d番茄根际微生物数量略低于对照,其后逐渐与对照趋于一致;ANTI-8098A及其标记菌株对青枯病的防效存在一定差异,平均防效为57.1%～100%. 相似文献
20.
抗不同生化型青枯菌的生防菌筛选鉴定及其活性分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为更好地利用生防菌控制青枯病危害,从不同地区的土壤中分离到569株细菌菌株,筛选到3株对5种不同生化型青枯劳尔氏菌Ralstonia solanacearum具有较强拮抗活性的菌株,其中菌株BS2004的拮抗活性最强。以BS2004的菌悬液为对照,分别测定无菌滤液、蛋白酶K及高温热处理后拮抗物质抑菌活性的变化。结果显示,蛋白酶K及高温热处理后,该菌的抑菌活性显著降低,表明其主要抑菌成分为蛋白类物质。在设施栽培条件下用生防菌BS2004菌悬液处理番茄植株,能有效控制番茄青枯病的发生,防治效果达66.75%,同时还发现,重新分离得到的青枯菌菌体数明显受到生防菌的抑制。通过对BS2004的形态、生理生化特征、脂肪酸鉴定、16S rDNA序列等进行分析,该菌株被鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens。 相似文献