共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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《大豆科学》2020,(3)
为明确鲁西北地区适宜间作的大豆/玉米组合品种,以9个不同间作大豆/玉米品种组合为研究对象,采用灰色关联度分析法对不同间作组合中的大豆和玉米农艺性状、产量及效益进行综合分析与评价。研究结果表明:(大豆)齐黄34×(玉米)登海605、(大豆)冀豆12×(玉米)登海605组合中参试大豆品种与理想参考品种加权关联度分别为0.938 1和0.937 8,大豆产量分别为2 155.17和2 119.54 kg·hm~(-2);参试玉米品种与理想参考品种加权关联度分别为0.987 5和0.939 2,玉米产量分别为5 700.69和5 592.18 kg·hm~(-2),这两个间作组合中大豆、玉米综合性状表现最为优良,且综合产量较高,综合经济效益较好,适宜在鲁西北间作大豆/玉米种植模式中大面积推广种植。 相似文献
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为研究适合东北黑土区玉米大豆间作行比,促进玉米大豆间作模式推广应用,本研究以玉米大豆间作系统为主要研究对象,设置玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)、玉米大豆行比2∶4间作(M2S4)、玉米大豆行比4∶4间作(M4S4)和玉米大豆行比4∶6间作(M4S6)处理,分析不同间作行比对大豆株高及干物质积累、光合特性相关指标、产量及经济产值分析的影响。结果表明：间作显著增加了大豆株高,降低了干物质量,同时,随着玉米条带数的降低及大豆条带数的增加,光合参数Gs和Tr与单作处理之间呈显著性差异,而Ci则呈现相反的变化趋势。4∶4间作行比(M4S4)处理具有较好的间作优势,土地当量比为1.26,在考虑了政府补贴后,间作复合经济产值显著高于各单作处理,其中,M4S4处理最具有增收潜力。综上,M4S4模式为东北黑土区最佳玉米大豆间作配置方式。 相似文献
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沈永明 《中国油料作物学报》1982,(3)
我县地处三熟制的北缘,长期以来大豆传统的种植方式主要有两种,一是麦、夏大豆两熟制,一是玉米间作大豆。夏大豆产量低.一般亩产只有250斤左右,麦豆两熟制亩产1000斤上下,比三熟制亩产1600斤左右低。因此麦豆两熟制面积不断缩小,现在种植很少。玉米间作大豆的方式,由于玉米与大豆共生期长(6月初—8月初)荫蔽重,大豆产量也很低,玉米间作大豆年亩产也只有1000斤左右。 相似文献
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玉米行距对大豆/玉米间作作物生长及种间竞争力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明大豆玉米间作系统中玉米种植行距对间作作物生长及种间资源竞争的影响。在固定带宽的大豆/玉米间作系统中,设置10,20,45,60和70 cm 5个间作玉米种植行距,分析间作系统的间作优势、作物生长情况以及大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力变化。结果表明:随间作玉米行距增加,间作优势增加,70 cm行距间作优势最大,达4 271.4 kg·hm-2。Logistic生长拟合曲线表明:随玉米行距增加,大豆生物累积量减小,达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数缩短,玉米生物累积量最大值出现在D45处理下,达43 471.1 kg·hm-2,D45处理达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数最长,达130 d,且生长后期日生长速率持续高于其它处理;共生期内,伴随作物生长,大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力Asm逐渐降低,共生后期,表现为随间作玉米种植行距增加,大豆相对于玉米的竞争力Asm逐渐减小。综合分析表明:河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中,玉米是强竞争力作物,玉米种植行距为45 cm,有利于大豆和玉米的生长及产量形成,大豆和玉米种间竞争力较弱,可作为河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中间作玉米的最佳行距配置。 相似文献
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为筛选适宜间作的大豆品种,以早、中、晚熟三种类型共16个大豆品种（系）为试验材料,在玉米大豆间作和大豆净作（为对照）模式下比较研究其农艺性状和产量构成因素。结果表明,各熟期类型品种在间作条件下的株高、平均节间长、倒伏率均显著高于净作对照,且早熟品种的株高、底荚高、主茎节数、平均节间长以及倒伏率显著低于中、晚熟品种。早、中熟品种在间作下的有效分枝数与对照差异不显著,而晚熟品种显著高于对照。各熟期类型品种在间作模式下的产量都显著低于相应的对照,早熟类型品种的单株有效荚、单株粒数、百粒重、单株产量以及公顷单产均极显著低于中、晚熟类型品种,而这些性状在中、晚熟品种间差异不显著。早、中熟品种在间作下的单株有效荚率均显著高于对照,晚熟品种的单株有效荚率显著高于中熟品种,中熟品种显著高于早熟品种。然而各品种类型间作下的完整粒率与净作对照无显著差异,中、晚熟品种的完整粒率显著高于早熟品种。通过相关性分析,间作下倒伏率与株高、主茎节数、平均节间长呈极显著正相关;单株有效荚率、单株粒重、完整粒率、产量均与生育期呈极显著正相关;玉豆共生期占全生育期比重与有效荚率、完整粒率、产量呈极显著负相关。上述结果表明,在玉米大豆间作模式下,中、晚熟大豆品种相比早熟品种有较长的光补偿时期,能获得较高的产量,是适宜与玉米间作种植的大豆品种类型。 相似文献
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Feng Yang Dunping Liao Yuanfang Fan Rencai Gao Xiaoling Wu Tanzeel Rahman 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):1-11
Narrow-row planting patterns directly affect crop yield and competition in intercropping systems. A two-year (2012 and 2013) field experiment was conducted to determine the interactive behavior between intercrops in a maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system. Maize plants were planted in different narrow-wide row planting patterns, whereas soybean was planted in wide rows. The total biomass and grain yield of maize increased with increasing maize narrow-row spacing, but the opposite trend was observed for soybean. The aggressivity, competitive ratio, and partial relative crowding advantage values for maize were greater than those for soybean. Moreover, the competitive interaction of the intercrops was affected by the distance between maize and soybean rows. The highest intercrop land equivalent ratio (LER) 1.61 and 1.59 was found in the 40:160 planting pattern (i.e. 40 cm narrow-row spacing and 160 cm wide-row spacing of maize) during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Combined with actual yield loss and LER, the intense intra-specific competition of maize plants reduced the depression for the associated soybeans when the maize narrow-row spacing was less than 30 cm. When the narrow-row spacing was wider than 50 cm, soybean growth was seriously depressed by maize because of the stronger inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. The maximum yield and economic advantage appeared in the 40:160 narrow-wide row planting pattern. Therefore, intercropping advantage may be achieved by changing the row spacing and distance between intercrop rows to coordinate the inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. 相似文献
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为了筛选和鉴定适宜云南省与玉米间作的大豆品种,本研究在玉米与大豆间作条件下,采用灰色关联度和系统聚类分析方法对44个大豆品种(系)的10个农艺及产量性状进行综合分析及评价。结果表明:参试品种各性状的变异系数的变异范围为7.3%~51.2%,说明各地大豆资源的表型多样性比较丰富。灰色关联分析表明影响间作大豆产量的性状依次为单株粒数、主茎节数、百粒重、单株荚数、分枝数、倒伏性、株高、节间长度、每荚粒数。利用系统聚类法将44个大豆品种分为了3大类,各类群性状之间的差异较明显,其中单株荚多、单株粒多、分枝多、百粒重适中的第一类是比较适宜与玉米间作的大豆品种(系)。 相似文献
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本文根据四川安宁河流域玉米、大豆间(混)作制中,玉米、大豆不同结构形式引起的遮光程度,模拟四种光照强度的大豆遮光试验,分析了不同光照强度下大豆产量及产量构成因素间的相关性,确定产量因素对产量的直接和间接贡献,并采用BASIC语言程序,建立多元线性回归模式,提出不同结构形式的玉米、大豆间(混)作制中大豆的栽培主攻方向。 相似文献
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不同群体配置方式对菜用大豆的植株性状、青荚产量、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、干物质积累速度和各器官光合产物的分配均有不同程度的影响。每穴1株、2株比3株种植法青荚产量明显提高，单株干物质累积量增加，累积速度加快，光合产物在荚粒中的分配量分别增加1．11g和0．89g。 相似文献
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云南间作大豆耐荫性综合评价及鉴定指标筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在探讨不同基因型大豆品种的耐荫特性，筛选出耐荫性鉴定指标，建立可用于耐荫性评价的数学模型。以44个大豆品种（系）为试验材料，在玉米-大豆间作下创设的自然荫蔽条件开展耐荫性鉴定，净种大豆作为对照。在各参试材料植株成熟期调查10个主要形态性状和产量性状，以各指标的耐荫系数为基础，采用多元统计方法对大豆的耐荫性进行综合评价。结果表明：与对照相比，受荫蔽胁迫后，参试材料的各性状变化趋势及幅度不同，各指标间都有不同程度的相关性，部分性状间相关性达到显著或极显著水平。通过主成分分析，将10个单项指标转换为4个相互独立的综合指标，代表了全部数据79.77%信息量。利用隶属函数法计算综合耐荫评价值（D），并对其进行系统聚类，将44个大豆品种（系）按照耐荫性强弱分为了强耐荫、中等耐荫和弱耐荫3大类。通过逐步回归建立了大豆耐荫性评价数学模型，并筛选出株高、主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、每荚粒数和倒伏8个性状可作为云南省间作大豆耐荫性鉴定指标 相似文献
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不同生长调节剂叶面喷施对套作大豆形态及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以"贡选1号"为试材,研究了不同时期喷施烯效唑、多效唑、豆歌、矮壮素、缩节胺等植物生长调节剂对套作大豆形态及产量的影响.结果表明:调节剂处理后植株株高降低,以分枝期喷施150 mg·L-1多效唑效果极显著;茎秆增粗,以分枝期喷施100 mg·L-1烯效唑效果显著;分枝数增加.单株荚数、百粒重增加,二者均以分枝期喷施100 mg·L-1烯效唑效果极显著.调节剂处理后产量增加显著,以分枝期喷施100 mg·L-1烯效唑效果最佳,较对照增产77.6%.结果表明:在改善大豆株型、提高产量方面,均以分枝期喷施100 mg·L-1烯效唑效果最优. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2001,71(3):173-181
While early-maturing crops benefit from intercropping, late-maturing crops usually suffer growth penalties during the intercropping phase. It is possible, however, that recovery or compensation of the late-maturing crops occurs after the harvest of the early-maturing crops. Three field experiments were conducted at Baiyun in 1997 and at Jingtan in 1997 and 1998 to test the hypothesis in wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping. The biomass and nutrient accumulation in intercropped soybean were significantly smaller than in sole soybean before wheat harvest but thereafter increased sharply at Jingtan site in 1997. The rates of dry matter accumulation in the intercropped maize (10.0–20.1 g/m2 per day) were significantly lower than those in the sole maize (17.1–34.8 g/m2 per day) during the early stage from 7 May to 3 August, while mostly intercropped with wheat. After 3 August, however, the rates of intercropped maize, increasing to 58.9–69.9 g/m2 per day, was significantly greater than in sole maize (22.7–51.8 g/m2 per day) at Baiyun site in 1997 and nutrient acquisition showed the same trends as growth. At Jingtan site in 1998, the disadvantage of the border row of intercropped maize resulted from interspecific competition diminished after wheat harvest and disappeared at maize maturity. It was concluded that there was indeed recovery of growth after wheat harvesting in wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping. However, the recovery was limited under N0P0 treatment. The interspecific competition, facilitation and recovery are together contributed to yield advantage of intercropping. 相似文献
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Nasir Iqbal Sajad Hussain Zeeshan Ahmed Feng Yang Xiaochun Wang Weiguo Liu 《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):131-142
ABSTRACT Traditional maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) intercropping practice cannot be adapted to modern agriculture due to low light use efficiency, radiation use efficiency, low comparative profits of soybeans and incompatibility with mechanization. However, a new type of maize and soybean intercropping system (MSIS) with high land equivalent ratio (LER) provides substantial benefits for small-land hold farmers worldwide. Our research team has done a wide range of research to suggest the appropriate planting geometry that ensures high yield and LER as high as 2.36, nutrient acquisition and mechanical operations in MSISs. Increase in the distance between soybean and maize rows and decrease in the spacing of maize narrow rows is useful for the high light interception for the short soybean in MSISs. This review concludes that MSIS has multifold and convincing results of LER and compatible with mechanization, while those practiced other than China still require technological advancements, agronomic measures and compatible mechanization to further explore its adaptability. 相似文献