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1.
鲜食番茄果肉中番茄红素含量性状的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更快更好地进行番茄果肉颜色的评定,定位相关QTLs以改良果肉的颜色品质,本研究选用果肉番茄红素含量显著不同的2个番茄品系,利用分光光度计法测定番茄红素含量,并通过P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B2六世代联合分析法,研究分析了果肉番茄红素含量的遗传规律。结果表明：F2、B1、B2分离世代群体呈双峰或单峰偏态分布,主基因的加性效应明显,多基因对番茄红素含量分布有较大影响,存在明显的主基因多基因特征,显示番茄果肉番茄红素含量的遗传为多基因控制的数量性状;果肉番茄红素含量的遗传符合一个加性主基因和加性-显性多基因模型(D-2模型)。主基因遗传率较高,为27.39%~66.93%;多基因遗传率较低,为12.09%~48.44%。所以,利用有性杂交育种提高和固定高番茄红素性状,在早期世代进行选择有利于发现新QTLs位点。 相似文献
2.
《分子植物育种》2017,(12)
为了研究野生醋栗番茄耐低磷胁迫的遗传规律,以耐低磷胁迫野生醋栗番茄和低磷胁迫敏感栽培番茄003为材料,通过杂交自交构建6世代(P1,P2,F1,B1,B2和F2)群体,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型方法,分析番茄缺磷症状叶遗传规律。结果表明:野生醋栗番茄LA722耐低磷胁迫遗传符合MX2-ADI-AD模型,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制。2对主基因加性效应相等且为负,显性效应均为正,且第2对主基因的显性效应大于第1对主基因,2对主基因的遗传以负向的加性效应为主,多基因的遗传以显性效应为主。B1、B2和F2群体中主基因的遗传率分别为31.44%、81.47%和78.35%,多基因遗传率均为0,环境因素为18.53%~68.56%。利用本研究结果不仅为耐低磷胁迫的育种设计奠定理论基础,同时也为耐低磷胁迫资源的挖掘和筛选提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
为了培育具有抗病虫优良性状的棉花新品种,并对棉花多茸毛基因进行定位克隆,从棉花三元杂种后代中选育了绿叶无茸毛和绿叶多茸毛近等基因系。以该近等基因系为供试材料,测定了具有不同茸毛性状的棉株间光合速率、叶绿素含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性以及单宁含量的变化,通过光合生理与相关生化指标测定相结合,初步探讨棉花不同茸毛性状近等基因系材料间生理生化特性的差异,为今后选育具有优良性状的棉花新品种提供依据。结果表明,无茸毛与多茸毛棉花近等基因系的叶绿素a、b及总量的动态变化趋势基本一致,蕾期较高,花期、铃期降低;净光合速率变化趋势一致,二者均呈先上升后下降再上升的趋势,在铃期达到了顶峰。因此,光合速率与叶绿素含量变化趋势在近等基因系材料间差异不明显。无茸毛和多茸毛棉花纤维和种皮单宁含量变化具有相同的趋势,均为先升高再降低,纤维中的PAL活性多茸毛棉株逐渐下降,无茸毛棉株下降后再升高,而种皮中PAL活性上升至最高值后保值不变。PAL活性与单宁含量在材料间差异较大,绿叶多茸毛棉株高于绿叶无茸毛棉株。表明PAL活性和单宁含量与茸毛性状存在一定的相关关系。 相似文献
4.
棉花表型性状基因的SSR标记定位 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文以两个陆地棉多标记基因系T582和T586,以及杂交获得的F_1、F_2及F_3代作为试验材料,利用11对SSR引物对F_2群体的120个单株的DNA样品进行多态性分析,并利用F_2和F_3群体对F_2群体对应单株的13个表型性状进行基因型的判定,结果得到了3个与表型性状基因连锁的SSR标记,分别是红茎基因(R_1)与J178连锁、遗传距离为24.9cM,簇生铃基因(CL_1)与J236连锁,遗传距离为46.0cM,茸毛基因(T_1)与J252连锁,遗传距离为28.5cM,其中R_1、CL_1、J178和J236在同一连锁群上。红茎和植株茸毛是具有抗虫性能的形态性状,用SSR标记这些性状将有助于提高育种家的育种效率。 相似文献
5.
《分子植物育种》2020,(15)
为分析不同番茄种质的遗传多样性,利用120个SNP和29个SSR标记对210份番茄自交系进行基因分型。结果表明,SSR具有较高的多态性,而SNP检测到更高的基因多样性。在预先划分的3个亚群中,樱桃番茄遗传变异最高,常规番茄品种次之,现代番茄品系最低,说明早期育成的番茄品种仍具有较为丰富的遗传多样性。群体结构分析发现,SNP可将3个亚群区分开,同时常规番茄进一步分为粉果番茄和红果番茄2个小亚群。SSR的分析结果与SNP和预先的分类并不一致,未能将常规番茄和现代品系完全区分开。遗传距离分析显示,SNP具有更高的分辨率,可以区分所有供试材料,有6对材料组合未被SSR数据区分开。总的来说,在栽培番茄遗传多样性分析中,SNP标记具有更高的效率。 相似文献
6.
水稻主要数量性状遗传研究的进展与育种 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
什么叫数量性状呢?一般认为受多基因控制、性状表现连续变异对环境变化反应敏感的性状叫数量性状，对动、植物而言，也叫经济性状。那么，水稻数量性状是怎样遗传的呢？从数量性状正、反交的基本一致性，以及在一些数量性状遗传试验里，亲本、F1、F2和F3的表现型频率分布与根据多基因独立分配所期望的频率分布的一致性等现象看出，控制数量性状的多基因也位于染色体上。果蝇腹刚毛数研究证明，多基因和主基因连锁在一起，并位于核内染色体上。所以数量性状的遗传也应遵循三个基本遗传规律。本综述旨在对水稻主要数量性状的遗传的大量实验… 相似文献
7.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(10):3392-3399
随着中国农村产业结构和种植模式调整,早熟油菜在油菜产业链中的重要地位日益凸显;但油菜早熟性与丰产性和抗逆性存在较大矛盾,使得早熟品种的选育受到极大制约,挖掘早熟种质资源对早熟品种的选育具有重要意义。本研究前期获得一个丰产性好的早熟甘蓝型油菜品系GRG177,以GRG177 (P_1)与甘蓝型油菜品系GRD328 (P_2)为亲本,构建六世代遗传群体(P_1, P_2, F_1, B_1, B_2和F_2),利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型完成了花期性状的多世代联合分析。结果表明,初花期受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,花期受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制,终花期受1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因控制。花期性状在分离世代中具有较高的遗传率(51.79%～96.80%)。本研究为早熟油菜品种选育、GRG177花期性状基因定位与克隆提供较好基础。 相似文献
8.
穗轴粗性状是影响果穗籽粒脱水速率的一个重要因素，当前对穗轴粗性状的数量遗传规律研究较少。以经典玉米自交系PHB1M/丹340（组合Ⅰ），PH4CV/丹598（组合Ⅱ）构成的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2和F2 6世代群体为材料，运用主基因与多基因混合遗传模型分析方法，研究玉米穗轴粗性状遗传规律。结果表明：玉米穗轴粗性状在2组合的F1代呈现中亲遗传。组合Ⅰ中穗轴粗性状最佳模型符合C-0，表现为加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传；组合Ⅱ穗轴粗遗传符合D-2，表现为一对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传，其中多基因起主要作用。穂轴粗性状在B2世代多基因遗传率最大，育种中可以在遗传率较高的世代通过轮回选择或聚合回交等方法累积增效基因，进而选育出穂轴粗细适宜的材料，培育出高产、优质、适宜机收的优良玉米品种。 相似文献
9.
10.
基于主基因+多基因混合模型的甜高粱茎秆含糖量基因遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
此文以茎秆含糖量（锤度）较低的粒用高粱品系LR625（P1）和茎秆含糖量（锤度）较高的甜高粱品系Rio（P2）及其杂交后代F1、F2群体为研究对象,运用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对茎秆含糖量的遗传进行了联合分离分析。结果表明：茎秆含糖量性状受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性多基因共同控制。2对主基因的加性效应分别为-4.004和-2.116,显性效应分别为0.084和-0.462,主基因遗传力为83.27%,多基因遗传力为7.38%。这说明锤度性状主要受2对主基因的作用,而且2对主基因均以加性效应为主。这一研究结果为茎杆含糖量性状的基因定位和育种选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
13.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
14.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
15.
B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
16.
In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
17.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
18.
不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
20.
Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献