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为解决水稻机插秧育秧方式中秧盘拌浆泥和播种分开作业的问题,国内首次实现了使用大田浆泥作育秧基质,在一台播种机上一次完成放秧盘、施壮秧剂、链条输送大田浆泥、浆泥除杂、灌浆泥,以及播种等全部作业过程。根据水稻播种的技术要求标准进行整机结构设计,并采用田间试验实测法对播种机的播种性能进行测试。采用杂交水稻和常规水稻两种类型的种子进行田间育秧试验,结果表明:播种效率为1 200盘/h,杂交水稻667m~2种子用量1.5kg,平均每块秧盘用种75g,每盘秧苗2 357.3株,发芽率85.99%,成秧率87%;常规优质稻667m~2种子用量2.5kg,平均每块秧盘用种125g,每盘秧苗4 172株,发芽率85.96%,成秧率86.98%;每秧盘和总的播种均匀度达93%以上,取样格粒数合格率均≥85%;大田机插秧漏插蔸率4.50%,作业成本比工厂化育秧节约了4.67元/hm~2。田间试验过程中机器性能稳定、作业流畅、经济性好,各项指标均达到行业标准和生产实际要求。 相似文献
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针对水稻植质钵盘应用过程中存在的问题,对水稻植质钵盘结构进行改进设计。阐述水稻植质钵盘设计思想,探讨水稻植质钵盘结构改进设计思路及结构设计依据,分析改进前后的水稻植质钵盘结构强度,同时分别以改进前的水稻植质钵盘(CK1)、日本塑料钵盘(CK2)和平育秧盘(CK3)为水稻育秧载体,通过多年田间对比试验探讨改进后的水稻植质钵盘(CK)对水稻生产的影响。试验结果表明:改进后的水稻植质钵盘正应力较改进前水稻植质钵盘提高15.09%;CK和CK1秧苗移栽后均无缓苗期,CK2和CK3秧苗均需一定缓苗期;在生育期和收获期,CK和CK1秧苗素质均无显著差异,但均优于CK2和CK3秧苗素质;CK生产投入均低于CK1和CK2生产投入,但高于CK3生产投入;CK和CK1土壤有机质含量相同,在0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层,CK土壤有机质含量分别较CK2和CK3土壤有机质含量提高7.06%、10.08%,2.53%、3.34%,0.48%、0.11%;CK和CK1对土壤容重影响程度相同,与CK2和CK3相比较,在相同土层,CK能够促使土壤容重减小;CK和CK1产量持平,较CK2和CK3,产量分别提高10.59%和13.54%。 相似文献
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钵育摆栽技术试验示范 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为进一步提高黑龙江垦区水稻的产量和品质,加强商品粮基地建设,在调研和实地考察日本北海道地区水稻钵育摆栽种植和相关机械性能及市场销售情况的基础上,2006年垦区从日本井关株式会社引进了钵育摆栽机8台,钵育播种机5台,筑埂机2台,自走式喷药机和钵育秧盘5．5万张。在江滨等4个农场进行了水稻钵育摆栽试验、示范。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献