共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
Balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) was extensively sampled to investigate the effects of forest management practices, site location, within-crown position, tree component (i.e., stem, foliage, branches and roots), and tree social classes on biomass and carbon (C) partitioning at the individual tree level and across ecological regions. The sites were located in three ecologically distinct forest regions of west-central New Brunswick, Canada. There were no significant differences in %C content of trees across ecological regions or across tree social classes. However, at the individual tree level, significant differences were evident in biomass and C allocation between different parts of the tree, between treatment types (i.e., unmanaged and pre-commercially thinned stands) and between within-crown positions, indicating the need for separate estimates of biomass and C content of tree components to obtain more precise estimates of quantities at the stand level. Calculating stand C content based on constant allocation values, as is commonly done, produced errors of up to 15% compared with the values calculated in this study. Three allometric equations of biomass and C that account for partitioning among different parts of the tree were developed and compared: (1) a third-order polynomial, (2) a modified inverse polynomial and (3) a modified Weibull equation. Diameter at breast height (DBH) was used as the only explanatory variable to describe fresh biomass, dry biomass and C content. All regressions derived showed a high correlation with DBH, with most r2 values > 0.95. A comparison of the equation results showed that the modified Weibull equation gave consistent results with the best overall fit and was the simplest of the three equations investigated. The regressions can be used to estimate forest biomass and tree C content at the stand level, given specific information on DBH. 相似文献
2.
本文推导出一组联系林分平均直径生长和直径累积分布生长之间的方程式。根据这些方程建立的全林分生长模型和径阶模型或与距离无关的单木模型之间的关系，可以指导由林分断面积总生长向单木直径生长的分配。采用这一组方程，根据二个不同时间点上算术平均直径和均方平均直径回收生长模型和枯损模型中的参数，保证林分水平预测的结果和径级水平或单木水平预测的结果相容。采用一个误差函数来刻化相同直径林木在生长过程中的分化，证明了忽略这项误差函数可能导致预测的直径分布范围小于实际的范围。因此，加上一个误差函数预测直径分布在一定程度上提高了直径分布预测的精度。最后一个实例说明计算过程。 相似文献
3.
吴晓芙 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(1)
在杉木直径生长方程Ｄ＝Ｄｍｔ／（Ｋ＋ｔ）的基础上，进一步提出了杉木蓄积生长方程：Ｙ＝Ｙｍｔ３／（Ｋ＋ｔ）３．蓄积方程和直径方程有一个共同的参数——林木生长特征系数Ｋ，这一特征系数Ｋ为杉木蓄积生长曲线的拐点．检验表明，蓄积Ｙ的１／３次方与直径Ｄ基本保持线性相关，方程参数Ｙｍ（蓄积生长极值）和Ｋ与立地和密度因子的相关性符合和遵循林木生长基本规律和特点 相似文献
4.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):28-48
An individual tree, process‐based stand growth model is presented. It is based on the carbon balance, according to which tree growth depends on the activities of photosynthesis, respiration and senescence. A simple model is specified for each component of the carbon balance. Next, equations for the tree structure, in which e.g. pipe‐model theory is utilized, are presented. The growth model for dry‐weights of tree compartments based on the carbon balance is transformed using these equations to allow the expression of growth in terms of diameter and height. It is also possible to aggregate a number of physiological and biometrical coefficients into a small number of generalized coefficients of the dimensional growth model. Additional components, including the equations for recession of the crown base and tree survival that are necessary for a stand growth model, are specified. Comparison of the stand growth model with a yield table and a growth model for a sapling stand suggests that the model is capable of accounting for the basic features of stand growth. Furthermore, simulations with varying initial density and some of the model's coefficients indicate that the stand growth model is approximately consistent with the so‐called self‐thinning rule. 相似文献
5.
Modelling stand basal area growth for radiata pine plantations in Northwestern Spain using the GADA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fernando Castedo-Dorado Ulises Diéguez-Aranda Marcos Barrio-Anta Juan Gabriel Álvarez-Gonzàlez 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(6):609-619
A stand basal area growth system for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations in Galicia (Northwestern Spain) was developed from data corresponding to 247 plots measured between one and five times. Six dynamic equations were considered for analysis and both numerical and graphical methods were used to compare alternative models. The equation that best described the data was a dynamic equation derived from the Korf growth function by the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) and by considering two parameters as site-specific. This equation was fitted in one stage by the base-age-invariant dummy variables method. The system also incorporated an equation for predicting initial stand basal area, expressed as a function of stand age, site index, and the number of trees per hectare. This information can be used to establish the starting point for the projection equation when no inventory data are available. The effect of thinning on stand basal area growth was also analyzed and the results showed that the same projection equation can be used to obtain reliable predictions of unit-area basal area development in thinned and unthinned stands. 相似文献
6.
IntroductionDahurianlarch(L8risgmeliniiRupr.)isoneofthemostimportanttimberspeciesinChina.AsaresuItofovercuttingforseveraIdecades,thenaturaIDahurianIarchforestresourcesaredecliningrapidly.PIantationsofdahurianIarchhavebecomeanimportantpartofforestpreserveresourcesinDaxing'anMountains.ConsequentIystudyingthegroWthofDahurianlarchandformingtheforesttabfesareofsignrficancetofor-estproduction.ThispaperpresentsinformationongroWthandyieIdmodeIsofDahurianlarchpIantations.MethodsDataof4O5stema… 相似文献
7.
以相对直径为竞争指标的单木直径生长模型研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
选择了Richards,Logistic,Mitscherlich,Gompertz,Modified-Weibull 5个最为常用的单木直径生长理论方程作为基础方程,采取再次参数化的方法将与林木生长密切相关的地位指数(SI)、林分密度(N)、单木竞争指标——相对直径(RD)等因子引入方程,对马尾松人工林的单木直径生长模型进行了研究。结果表明,采用该方法得到的单木直径生长方程具有很好的适应性和很高的预估精度,因为该方程中包含了林木的相对直径RD,当令RD等于1.0时,单木的直径生长模型就反映了林分的平均直径生长,这为从单木生长模型向全林分生长模型的耦合提供了一条途径。 相似文献
8.
研究分别以浙江安吉县的4种林分类型(毛竹纯林(A)、毛竹+乔木(B)、毛竹+灌草(C)、乔木+灌草(D))以及湖南炎陵县3种林分类型(毛竹+乔木、毛竹+灌草、乔木+灌草)为对象,探讨了不同类型竹林林下植物多样性与其下不同深度土壤根系重量之间的关系,以及土壤渗透速率与不同土层根系重量和土壤含水量的相关性.结果表明:(1)上述4种植被类型0 ～40 cm根系生物量约为40～80cm的3倍,各类型林下植物多样性与其不同土层的根系重量相关性不显著;(2)浙江安吉4种植被类型中,0～40 cm与40～80 cm土层的渗透性指标以毛竹+乔木较好,初渗率、稳渗率和平均渗透率平均分别为:15.38、5.26和8.8 mm·min-1;毛竹纯林上述3项指标较低,平均分别为:5.83、3.03和4.45mm·min-1;湖南0～40 cm土层毛竹+乔木渗透性最好,上述三项指标分别为:16.72、12.23和9.13mm/min,40～ 80 cm各植被类型渗透性相差不大;(3)浙江毛竹+乔木、乔木+灌草土壤含水量均随土壤深度增加而降低,毛竹纯林与毛竹+灌草土壤含水量随土壤深度增加而先降低到18％后逐渐升高最终稳定在19％;(4)土壤入渗速率与不同深度土层根系重量显著相关,但根系重量不是决定土壤渗透性能的主要因素;(5)0 ～40cm土层的累计入渗量和土壤初始含水量呈典型的负相关,而40～80 cm土层的累计入渗量和土壤初始含水量没有明显的相关关系. 相似文献
9.
应用孟家岗林场2011—2012年17块固定样地中85株解析木资料,根据经验方程选择单木树高曲线的基本模型,应用选定的模型对不同立地条件下的落叶松人工林进行树高曲线拟合,再用参数化的方法确定参数与各个林分调查因子之间的关系,从而建立单木树高曲线模型。结果表明:Richards理论模型可作为落叶松人工林单木树高曲线基本模型,其参数与林分的地位级指数(SCI)呈线性关系,而与年龄和密度的关系不明显;最终建立的树高曲线方程为H=(12.380 25+0.740 79 SCI)(1-e~(-0.05D))0.665 29+1.3,其优点是,当0≤H≤1.3时,D的取值可以为零,符合林木生长的生物学特性。 相似文献
10.
采用以树冠光竞争高度为基础的林分垂直层数量化方法研究了云蒙山几种典型森林群落的垂直结构特征,并将不同群落的垂直层划分结果与树高系统聚类分析结果相比较,发现在森林群落垂直层划分过程中,树冠光竞争高度附近的树被误划的几率较高;截止系数a=0.4时,平均误划率最低,为10.10%.对几种森林群落结构指标相关性分析表明:森林群落垂直分层数与乔木高度多样性指数、树高变异系数及乔木物种多样性指数呈显著正相关;乔木高度多样性指数和树高变异系数与灌木层多样性指数呈极显著正相关,而与草本层多样性指数却均呈显著负相关.几种描述林分垂直结构的指标能很好地描述森林群落的垂直分层情况,同时森林群落的垂直结构对下层植物的物种组成具有重要影响. 相似文献
11.
黧蒴等树种在3种人工松林中的生长量和生物量比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南亚热带3种人工松林中黧蒴、红桂木、灰木莲和竹节树4个树种的生长量和生物量进行了试验分析,结果显示,4个树种生长量在不同林分有很大差异:其中,黧蒴在3种林分中的生长量排序为湿地松林 > 加勒比松林1 > 加勒比松2;红桂木在加勒比松林2和湿地松林中无显著差异,均高于加勒比松林1;灰木莲和竹节树在湿地松林中最高,2个加勒比松林无明显差异。生物量排序与生长量排序相同。同一林分不同树种的生长量存在明显差异,树高和冠幅生长排序为灰木莲 > 黧蒴 > 红桂木 > 竹节树,地径为灰木莲 > 竹节树 > 红桂木 > 黧蒴;总生物量年均增长量排序为竹节树 > 灰木莲 > 黧蒴 > 红桂木。
相似文献
12.
Growth and yield models were developed for individual tress and stands based on336 temporary plots with 405 stem analysis trees of dahurian larch(Larix gmelinii(Rupr.)Rupr.)plantations throughout Daxing’anling mountains.Several equations were selected using nonlinearregression analysis.Results showed that the Richards equation was the best model for estimatingtree height,stand mean helght and stand dominant height from age; The Power equation was thebest model for prediction tree volume from DBH and tree height; The logarithmic stand volumeequation was good for predicting stand volume from age,mean height,basal area and other standvariables.These models can be used to construct the volume table, the site index table and other for-estry tables for dahurian larch plantations. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):388-396
A procedure for calculation of stumpage value and logging costs of individual mature forest stands using aerial photo‐interpretation and a grid‐based geographical information system (GIS) is presented. The stumpage value may be computed from characteristics related to the trees, i.e. site index, stand mean height, crown closure, and tree species distribution, using price equations. By means of cost equations, the logging costs may be calculated from the tree characteristics and the terrain characteristics of slope gradient and skidding distance. The practical application of the procedure was demonstrated by a case study in a 710 ha forest area in southern Norway. The tree characteristics were determined by photo‐interpretation of individual stands. Skid paths for wood transportation from the stands to landings along the forest roads were delineated by photo‐interpretation of the ground conditions. Slope and skidding distances were derived by a digital elevation model and cartographic modelling. Finally, the photo‐interpreted tree characteristics and the computed slope and skidding distances were used for calculation of the stumpage value and the logging costs of each stand. According to previous tests, the accuracy of the procedure corresponded to the accuracy that could be achieved by the field‐survey methods used most frequently. 相似文献
14.
The competition-density (C-D) effects for mean mass for tree, stem, branch and leaf were analyzed in Acacia auriculiformis stands. Mean tree mass-density and mean organ mass-density were well explained by the C-D equation of tree and the C-D equation of tree organ, respectively. An equation describing the relationship between mean leaf area u and density was formulated that fit the u-data well. The relationship between mean tree mass w and the ratio of each organ to mean tree mass (wo/ w) was examined. With increasing w, the stem mass ratio wS/w increased, whereas the branch mass ratio wB/w and the leaf mass ratio wL/w decreased. The yield difference between the lowest-density stand and the high-density stand became greater with stand growth. However, the yield of the mid-density stand was slightly lower than the yield of the high-density stand during the experimental period. To produce the most desirable combination of demanding individual-tree size and relative high stem yield, the mid-density is recommended as proper planting density for future management of A. auriculiformis stands. 相似文献
15.
A 23 factorial experimental testing the effects of urea (N), superphosphate (P) and two thinning types (diagonal-line thinning and thinning from below) on the basal-are increment of 18-year-old Pinus radiata (D. Don) is described. Although the trees had received localized applications of superphosphate shortly after establishment they were considered at the age of 18 years to be phosphate-deficient because concentrations of phosphorus in the foliage were low (0.065% P). Application of superphosphate (200 kg P ha−1) increased concentrations in the foliage (0.132% P) and increased the 7-year basal-area increment by approximately 70%. No growth response was obtained when urea (476 kg N ha−1) was applied alone. When both fertilizers were applied there was a further increase in basal-area increment of 81% on line-thinned plots and 26% on plots which had been thinned from below. This interaction reversed the normal trend in which plots thinned from below, by virtue of their greater initial basal area, produced 11–16% more increment than those which had been line-thinned.
A model of tree growth using initial basal area and a competition index as independent variables was adequate to describe differences in basal-area growth between thinning types except where urea and superphosphate had both been applied. In the case of N + P-treated plots, the reciprocal of the competition index was required as an additional variable. Analysis of the development of the growth responses over time indicated that application of superphosphate had produced sustained improvement in growth rates but that the response to urea occurred only in some growing-seasons. In line-thinned plots the response to urea in addition to phosphate occurred in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th growing-seasons, but the response occurred only in the 2nd and 4th growing-seasons in plots thinned from below. It is argued that this differential response between thinning types can be attributed to differences in stand density and water availability. In order to maximise the growth response to added nitrogen it is important to reduce competition by paying particular attention to both tree spacing and residual basal area. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):97-102
An individual tree basal area increment model was developed for Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] in mixed stands of spruce and birch in Estonia. Different regression equations were fitted for different combinations of variables to obtain biologically tractable interactions between growth and factors affecting it. The best fit index of the regression model was pursued in trials with variable combinations. The basal area increment was chosen to describe the tree growth and both the diameter and age of the tree were included as independent variables. The logical growth relationships were obtained. The basal area increment has a culmination introduced by the simultaneous influence of tree size and age explicitly included in the model. The stand level attributes contributed modestly to the explanatory power of the model because of the narrow range of stand conditions sampled. The present model is applicable to Estonian conditions. 相似文献
17.
基于异速生长和理论生长方程的广东省木荷生物量动态预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】将异速生长方程与理论生长方程相结合,预测广东省木荷生物量动态,为广东省木荷林碳汇计量提供模型和方法,为其他树种碳汇计量提供可借鉴的方法学支持。【方法】基于实测样木生物量调查数据,包括40株树干解析资料,构建由胸径和年龄的理论生长方程以及地上生物量和胸径的异速生长方程组成的模型系,利用非线性度量误差联立方程组,在胸径生长速度分级情况下拟合模型参数;基于3期森林资源连续清查固定样地样木数据,对广东省木荷生物量动态进行预测。采用决定系数( R 2)和均方根误差(RMSE)评价模型拟合效果,通过生物量存量估计误差和增量估计误差判断模型预测效果。【结果】在胸径生长速度分级情况下,理论生长方程中年龄对胸径的解释率达0.95以上,比不分级提高0.166 3,均方根误差下降到1.97 cm,降低2.16 cm以上,预测胸径对地上生物量的解释率提高到近0.82;接近独立异速生物量模型中实测胸径对地上生物量的解释率达0.88以上,比不分级提高近0.30,均方根误差下降到51 kg左右,下降30 kg以上。在胸径生长速度不分级情况下,各期生物量存量估计误差变动幅度在-46.31%~77.45%之间,而分级情况下下降到-16.13%~7.06%;在尺度上,分级与不分级均呈相同规律,即单木误差小于林分误差、林分误差小于区域误差。不分级时,单木水平和区域尺度间的误差不大于10%,而分级时小于8%。不同间隔期生物量增量估计误差,不分级时估计值普遍偏大,在32.57%~115.45%之间,而分级时下降到-6.57%~15.77%之间,在单木尺度上不超过±10%;随着尺度增大,增量估计误差不断增加,不分级时单木水平和区域尺度间的误差介于10%~15%之间,分级时稳定在8%左右。【结论】对于理论生长方程和异速生长方程组成的模型系,分级可极大提高模型精度,减小预测估计误差;生长速度不分级时,仅利用胸径或年龄数据,分级时,则可利用2期胸径数据或1期胸径和年龄数据,就可预测未来生物量动态,简单方便,在森林资源连续清查和碳汇造林的碳汇量计量中具有极大应用价值,区域尺度上的估计误差也可基本满足精度要求。 相似文献
18.
Tord Johansson 《林业研究》2013,24(4):691-698
In this study height growth models for hybrid aspen were developed using three growth equations. The mean age of the hybrid aspen was 21 years (range 15?51 years) with a mean stand density of 946 stems... 相似文献
19.
ZHUJiao-jun LIXiu-fen GondaYutaka MatsuzakiTakeshi 《林业研究》2004,15(4):305-312
One of the most important and frequently studied variable in forests and the most basic element in governing transport processes of airflow is wind speed. The study of wind profile, defined as the change of wind velocity with height, and wind velocity are important because of tree physiological and developmental responses. Generally, wind profiles above the ground or at a canopy surface follow classical logarithm law, but wind profiles in a single tree and in a forest stand are not logarithmic. This paper summarizes the results of wind profile studies within a single tree, in a forest stand, above the forest canopy and in a forest area from recent research in a coastal pine forest. The results demonstrate that: 1) wind profiles with in a single conifer tree crown showed an exponential function with height, 2) wind profiles in forest stands were able to be expressed by attenuation coefficient of wind, 3) wind profiles over a forest canopy could be determined using profile parameters (friction velocity, roughness length and displacement), and 4) for a forest area, the extreme wind speed could be predicted reasonably using the methods developed for the design of buildings. More research will be required to demonstrate: 1) relationships between wind profiles and tree or stand characteristics, 2) the simple methods for predicting wind profile parameters, and 3) the applications of wind profile in studies of tree physiology, forest ecology and management, and the detail ecological effects of wind on tree growth. 相似文献