共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
在对吴旗县自然恢复植被群落和人工植被群落调查的基础上,对其物种多样性进行分析研究,结果表明,在自然恢复初期和处于演替平衡阶段的群落,其物种生物多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,但丰富度指数的峰值出现在演替中间阶段;灌木群落的生物多样性要大于草本群落的多样性。超过一定年限的灌木群落,表现出一定程度的衰败,生物多样性下降;物种多样性可以间接对植被群落的保水保土功能进行评价,但必须综合考虑物种的丰富度与空间分布的均匀度。 相似文献
2.
黄土沟壑区植被恢复及其物种多样性的变化 --以吴旗县植被恢复为例 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
在对吴旗县自然恢复植被群落和人工植被群落调查的基础上,对其物种多样性进行分析研究,结果表明,在自然恢复初期和处于演替平衡阶段的群落,其物种生物多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,但丰富度指数的蜂值出现在演替中间阶段;灌木群落的生物多样性要大于草本群落的多样性。超过一定年限的灌木群落,表现出一定程度的衰败,生物多样性下降;物种多样性可以间接对植被群落的保水保土功能进行评价,但必须综合考虑物种的丰富度与空间分布的均匀度。 相似文献
3.
北京山区采石场边坡植被恢复动态研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以周口店黄院采石场为研究区域,采用空间代替时间的观测方法,研究不同时间梯度植被群落恢复过程和土壤养分异质性变化,以期为矿山废弃地植被恢复和重建提供可借鉴的理论依据。结果表明:随着植被恢复年限的增加,群落物种更替频繁,灌木和乔木物种出现后,群落整体层次性增强;随着演替的正向进行,各时间梯度恢复植被与最终演替物种组成的相似性指数提高;从极度退化生态系统向平衡生态系统演变过程中,草本层和灌木层的丰富度指数R、Simpson多样性指数D、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度指数J表现出数值先变大后变小的规律,受矿山废弃地困难立地的影响,乔木层物种数量和个体数目增长不明显;ANOVA方差分析和LSD最小显著差异统计方法研究显示,不同演替阶段导致土壤养分(有机质、全氮、速效钾)的差异性显著(P<0.01),除有效磷外,其他养分含量均随植被正向演替而增加。 相似文献
4.
艾比湖湿地自然保护区典型群落物种多样性分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
采用Shannon-Wiener和Simpson物种多样性指数,Margalef和Gleason丰富度指数,均匀度指数和生态优势度指数对艾比湖湿地自然保护区典型群落物种多样性进行分析研究。结果表明:植物群落在垂直结构上的多样性分布是灌木和乔木的物种均匀度、多样性和丰富度指数的变化趋势均大于草本,而生态优势度指数则与其相反,表现出单一的植物群落结构,说明艾比湖自然保护区典型群落在多个层次上物种的数量和分布与该地环境条件成正相关,即该区植物种类少、盖度低,生物资源丰富度十分匮乏。 相似文献
5.
红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)是我国北方温带荒漠的主要先锋植物,也是一种潜力巨大的水土保持和荒山绿化物种,但是该乡土物种是否具有保育植物的特征,目前尚未有这方面的研究。文中通过研究生长于半干旱区的荒漠植物红砂群落不同分布格局和群落特征,分析红砂盖度变化对群落多样性的影响,探究保育效应的发生条件及其对群落物种多样性影响机理。研究结果表明:群落的植物物种多样性随着红砂植被盖度和地上生物量增大而逐渐增大,然而,当红砂总盖度超过48.73%(地上生物量为35.62g/m2)时,虽植被盖度和地上生物量继续增大,目标物种碱蓬(Suaeda glauca),蓍状亚菊(Ajania achilleoides)多度明显增加,但植物物种多样性并没有显著的变化。这些说明在干旱区,当红砂的盖度增加到一定程度之后,才能通过冠层遮阴产生保育效应。因此,在植被稀疏、物种多样性较低的干旱地区,可以充分利用红砂物种的保育效应,促进和加快植被自然恢复进程,调控物种多样性和群落结构。 相似文献
6.
古尔班通古特沙漠白梭梭群落林下层物种多样性的空间分异 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
以野外样方调查数据为基础,采用重要值计算了多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数、优势度指数,对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘至腹地白梭梭群落林下植被的物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:受降水梯度的影响,从南缘至腹地植被盖度变化范围在14%～36%,除南缘取样点(S1)受人类扰动较大,盖度有些波动外,总体呈现明显的下降趋势。但植株种群密度差异较小,初步推断,植被盖度的差异主要是由植株个体大小造成的,而不是植株种群密度。南缘至腹地,各样地的多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数均表现为先减后增的变化趋势,优势度指数变化趋势则与之相反。各指数的变化范围:物种数在5.9～11.4种/m2,多样性指数变化范围在1.0340～2.0971,各样地均匀度指数在0.6068～0.8760,优势度指数为0.2767～0.6643。距沙漠南缘6.57km处是物种多样性的一个重要转折点,是物种多样性较不丰富的地带。同时,对白梭梭群落林下植被在1m×1m,20m×20m,100m×100m三种尺度下,南缘到腹地植物物种数的变化分析得出,在100m2尺度以下,白梭梭群落林下植被的物种多样性随空间尺度的增大而增大。 相似文献
7.
荒漠草原不同植被类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用Biolog EcoplateTM技术通过对荒漠草原生态系统中沙米、白沙蒿、柠条、沙冬青和人工乔木林5种植被类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性分析,以探讨不同植被类型对土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性的影响.结果表明,5种植被类型土壤微生物群落代谢活性有显著的差异(P＜0.01),5种植被类型土壤微生物群落利用碳源的种类也存在差异,氨基酸类、羧酸类和糖类是其主要的碳源利用类型.在Biolog ECO板培养基接种培养96 h后,5种植被类型土壤微生物群落多样性显示,物种丰富度指数(R)和均匀度指数(EH)差异显著,Shannon 指数(H′)差异不显著. 相似文献
8.
科尔沁沙质草地封育过程中的植被变化及其机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都地区的沙质草地封育后的植被变化及其机制进行分析研究。结果表明：① 围栏封育使植被物种丰富度、密度显著提高,群落的优势种发生明显变化;围封地的Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均表现为随封育时间增加而下降,而Pielou均匀度指数随围封时间增加表现出先增加后下降的趋势。② 围栏封育可以增加土壤表层（0~10 cm）的养分含量,但电导率随围封时间表现出先降低后增加的趋势,同时围栏封育使土壤水分含量下降。③ 土壤表层（0~10 cm）各因子对多样性的影响不同,全氮和pH与Pielou指数呈显著(P<0.05)负相关;全氮对于丰富度指数呈显著(P<0.05)正相关;其他土壤环境因子与多样性指数间关系均不显著,表明在沙质草地封育不利于植物多样性的维持,但有利于土壤养分的积累。 相似文献
9.
青海湖流域沙柳河草甸群落结构与数量特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沿青海湖流域沙柳河河岸,选取多个断面进行样方调查,分析沿沙柳河距河流入湖处不同距离、垂直河岸方向上草甸群落结构、地上生物量以及物种多样性的变化特征,并讨论影响群落结构变化的生境因子。结果表明：① 在所调查的样地中,有草本植物52种,隶属39属,13科。平均总盖度为70%,平均地上生物量为131 g•m-2。② 随着离湖距离的增加,Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度、物种均匀度指数、地上生物量呈现先增加后略微减小的趋势,盖度的变化趋势是先增加后不变。土壤含水量和土壤含盐量、海拔等可能是影响植物群落空间分布差异的主要原因。③ Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度与地上生物量呈现不明显的线性关系。 相似文献
10.
运用数量生态学的方法对渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲的盐生植被及其土壤化学因子进行分析.结果表明:土壤盐分和土壤pH值与丰富度指数(R)、多样性指数(H')和均匀度指数(E)负相关关系显著(P＜0.05),而与优势度指数(C)具有显著正相关关系(P＜0.05);土壤盐分是影响这一地区植被分布的关键因子,同时土壤pH值也对该区... 相似文献
11.
Xue-Ni Zhang Xiao-Dong Yang Yan Li Xue-Min He Jian-Jun Yang 《Arid Land Research and Management》2018,32(1):38-56
The influence of edaphic factors on plant distribution is essential to community ecology and important for vegetation restoration and management in arid ecosystems. In this study, desert plant distribution and diversity as well as soil water, salinity, and nutrients were measured in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve (ELWNR) in arid Northwest China. We determined relationships between plant distribution and soil factors along a transect with increasing distance from the river and created optimal models using soil factors to explain variations in plant diversity. In general, soil factors decreased with increasing distance from the river. Soil volumetric water content (SVWC), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) were closely related to plant distribution. According to canonical correspondence analysis, plants along the transect were divided into three groups: saline–alkaline tolerant, drought tolerant, and high P-demanding. SVWC, pH, soil organic carbon (C), N, P, and S account for 93.8% of the variations in plant diversity in the ELWNR. Compared with other soil factors, S explained the largest percentage of variations in diversity when single soil variables were considered in generalized additive models (R2?=?38.9%). Our results suggest increases in soil pH, P, N, and S would improve plant diversity significantly. We found differences among species groups in preference for habitat, and N and S content had a significant positive effect of on plant diversity, providing a scientific reference for plant restoration and saline soil remediation in desert ecosystems. 相似文献
12.
Interactions between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors in the Great Salt Desert of central Iran
Hossein BASHARI Seyed Mehrdad KAZEMI Soghra POODINEH Mohammad R MOSADDEGHI Mostafa TARKESH Seyed Mehdi ADNANI 《干旱区科学》2021,13(2):123-134
Investigating the relationships between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors provide management insights into factors affecting the growth and establishment of plant species and vegetation communities in saline areas.The aim of this study was to assess the spatial variability of various vegetation communities in relation to edaphic factors in the Great Salt Desert,central Iran.Fifteen vegetation communities were identified using the physiognomy-floristic method.Coverage and density of vegetation communities were determined using the transect plot method.Forty soil samples were collected from major horizons of fifteen profiles in vegetation communities,and analyzed in terms of following soil physical and chemical characteristics:soil texture,soluble Na+concentration,sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),electrical conductivity(EC),pH,organic matter content,soluble Mg2+and Ca2+concentrations,carbonate and gypsum contents,and spontaneously-and mechanically-dispersible clay contents.Redundancy analysis was used to investigate the relationships between vegetation dynamic and edaphic factors.The generalized linear method(GLM)was used to find the plant species response curves against edaphic factors.Results showed that plant species responded differently to edaphic factors,in which soluble sodium concentration,EC,SAR,gypsum content and soil texture were identified as the most discriminative edaphic factors.The studied plant species were also found to have different ecological requirements and tolerance to edaphic factors,in which Tamarix aphylla and Halocnemum strobilaceum were identified as the most salt-resistant species in the region.Furthermore,the presence of Artemisia sieberi was highly related to soil sand and gypsum contents.The results implied that exploring the plant species response curves against edaphic factors can assist managers to lay out more appropriate restoration plans in similar arid areas. 相似文献
13.
The study was conducted in Taftan rangeland in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, to study the effects of grazing exclusion on reclamation of vegetation cover and soil properties. After a comprehensive assessment of the vegetation types, plant sampling was carried out in sampling stands (50?×?50?m). In each stand, vegetation properties were measured using simple transect lines (50?m) method within quadrats (5?×?5?m), with a systematically randomized method. Soil sampling (75 samples) was performed along transects from the surface layer (0–30?cm). Results showed that livestock exclusion significantly affected community characteristics. The species richness (14.32), diversity (2.97), and plant cover (65.14%) showed their maximum level in the 15-year exclusion. The soil nutrient content increased during exclusion. Organic carbon (4.20%), total nitrogen (1.12%), available potassium (393.33?mg?kg?1), and available phosphorus content (17.13?mg?kg?1) attained significantly greater values under the long-term exclusion. The soil pH level (8.93) was significantly higher in the overgrazed site compared to the grazing exclusion sites. The soil electrical conductivity was statistically similar under the three treatments. The amounts of silt (63.40%) and clay (14%) were greater in the long-term exclusion compared with overgrazed rangeland. The long-term exclusion showed the lowest amount of sand (22.50%). These results imply that livestock exclusion plays an important role in vegetation restoration and soil conservation of degraded ecosystems in arid regions. We suggest that more studies are required to investigate the effect of livestock exclusion on ecosystem process in the arid rangeland regeneration. 相似文献
14.
京郊荒滩生态恢复初期植被与土壤环境的变化--以延庆县为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对延庆县龙庆峡荒滩恢复初期植被和土壤特征的变化进行了研究。结果表明:荒滩恢复过程中,人工植被长势良好,植物种类由恢复前的13种增加到60种,群落物种的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均比恢复前显著提高;生活型谱中一、二年生草本植物的比例由恢复前的61.5%降低到35%,植被盖度由恢复前的18%增加到80%。植被的恢复使土壤理化性质发生了变化,与恢复前相比土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效钾以及细砂、极细砂、粉砂、粘粒含量显著增加,pH值和速效磷含量降低。 相似文献
15.
Distribution patterns and traits of weed communities along an urban–rural gradient under rapid urbanization in Shanghai,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 In order to better understand the effects of urbanization on weed communities, the distribution of weed communities in Shanghai, China, was systematically investigated. The diversity of weed communities and four environmental factors, including the relative light intensity, soil moisture, soil compaction and soil pH, were measured in 1375 plots along an urban–rural gradient. The species diversity indices in each area along the urban–rural gradient were compared by using a one‐way ANOVA. The weed communities were identified by using clustering methods that were based on relative dominance information. A canonical correspondence analysis was used to reveal the relationships between the species composition and the environmental factors at the community level and the Spearman's rank correlation test was used to test the relationship between the number of weed communities and each environmental factor. A total of 183 species, belonging to 41 families and 123 genera, was recorded. It was found that the species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index followed a unimodal curve along the urban–rural gradient. The 1375 plots were divided into 133 weed community types. All four environmental factors significantly affected the species composition of the weed communities, but only soil compaction had significant effects on the number of weed communities. It was concluded that the diversification of habitat type and environmental change along the urban–rural gradient led to more weed communities in rural areas and fewer weed communities in urban areas. Based on the species' habitats and distribution patterns, the weeds were divided into “widespread”, “urban” and “rural”. 相似文献
16.
黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕还林工程植被恢复效益初步研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文在对吴旗县及对比县乔木林、灌木林和草原群落野外调查的基础上,对吴旗县植被恢复效益通过植被覆盖度、重要值、物种多样性等方面进行了定量分析。结果表明,在吴旗县这样的自然地理条件下,通过退耕还林、封山禁牧,植被完全可以得到恢复,完全可以达到控制水土流失的目的。在自然恢复初期,植物群落将以草原地带性植被为主,并可以恢复到稳定阶段。三种植被群落在植物多样性方面差异并不大,草原群落的物种多样性和群落均匀度要略小于乔木林和灌木林群落。通过计算吴旗县和对比县的相似性系数表明,退耕封禁地与未退耕封禁地在相似性方面有较大的差异。 相似文献