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我场有 1000多头奶牛，近 600头成年牛有两个管道式挤奶间和一个挤奶台，成年牛分成五个泌乳牛组，两个核心牛群采用管道式挤奶，另三个组用挤奶台挤奶。 在乳房炎的防治工作中，我们对鱼骨式挤奶台和管道式挤奶的乳房炎发病情况进行对比，结果鱼骨式挤奶台临床型乳房炎的平均发病率比管道式挤奶的平均发病率高出 7～ 10个百分点，如表 1： 1两种挤奶方式隐性乳房炎的发病情况 2000年元月到 12月对五个乳泌牛群的隐性乳房炎逐月进行普查，挤奶台的三个牛群隐性乳房炎的平均发病率和管道式挤奶的两个牛群的平均发病率的差异不明显，管… 相似文献
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机械挤奶牛乳房炎的预防 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
机械挤奶牛乳房炎的预防龙福增，胡志刚，赵传荫（北京奶牛育种中心良种场，昌平１０２２０９）许宗良（北京市农场局）使用机械挤奶牛乳房炎发病率高。本场使用机械挤牛奶近４年，初步形成了一套较为完整的预防乳房炎发生的措施。１９９１年和１９９２年，隐性乳房炎阳性... 相似文献
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丁云龙 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2011,(1):34-35
奶牛乳房炎是发病率高、危害性大的疾病,发病率高达20%～60%,病牛产奶量降低15%～30%,是奶牛业最常见、最多发的疾病,也是危害奶牛业发展的主要疾患。1发病原因奶牛乳房炎的发生多是由于人工挤奶或机械挤奶操作不 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎在奶牛各种疾病中占有很大比例，发病率约占整个牛群的４０％以上。若治疗不及时或治疗方法不当，轻则影响奶牛泌乳量，严重者形成瞎奶头，严重影响奶牛的经济效益。１奶牛乳房炎的病因奶牛乳房炎由多种因素引起，如气候变化、环境卫生、饲养管理、挤奶不当、机械损伤等。从中医理论上讲，主要是由于牛舍和运动场地潮湿不洁，湿热毒气薰蒸乳房而发生；或因挤奶不净使乳汁蓄留，引起乳房胀满阻塞经络，气血不畅，使乳房发生硬肿；或是人工挤奶、机械挤奶力量过大，造成乳房损伤、肿胀。从西医理论上讲，主要是由于牛舍及场地卫生条… 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎发病规律的调研 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对446头奶牛全年乳房炎发病规律的研究表明,奶牛乳房炎的发病率会随着年龄、胎次的增加发生规律性的变化,7～8岁及3～6胎达到高峰,以后有下降的趋势;泌乳时间的增加,发病率也会提高;前乳区的发病率比后乳区高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),前后乳区同时发病的牛较少(P<0.01);机械挤奶的发病率有所提高,但与手工挤奶差异不显著(P>0.05);炎热的夏季,气温过高会导致发病率增加(P<0.05);环境卫生条件差也会提高发病率(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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合理利用维生素和微量元素可降低奶牛乳房炎的发病率 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
乳房炎是由于奶牛乳房感染病原菌而引起的炎症性常见疾病,它严重地影响着奶牛的健康和生产成绩,并增加生产成本.多年来,人们对乳房炎的预防,主要着重于改善挤奶卫生,改进挤奶方法,并淘汰久治不愈的病牛,而忽略了合理利用维生素和微量元素对预防乳房炎的作用.营养学家指出,合理的饲料可以增强奶牛对乳房炎的抵抗能力.一些微量元素和维生素在保护乳房组织免受过氧化物损害方面的作用已经得到证实. 相似文献
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为了解青海省海北州奶牛乳房炎的发病情况,对2016年采自青海省海北州规模化奶牛场、奶牛合作社、散养户的2 029份奶牛样品进行了临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎的检测。结果显示,临床型乳房炎发病率为4.29%,隐性乳房炎发病率为13.41%,临床型乳房炎乳头发病率为1.88%,隐性乳房炎乳头发病率为4.84%;临床型乳房炎的发病率以奶牛合作社(机器挤奶)最高,散养户(手工挤奶)次之,规模化奶牛场(机器挤奶)最低,隐性乳房炎的发病率均以奶牛合作社(机器挤奶)最高,规模化奶牛场(机器挤奶)次之,散养户(手工挤奶)最低;1胎、2胎的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均较低,5胎、6胎及以上的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均明显偏高;2岁、3岁的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均较低,6岁、7岁及以上的发病率、瞎乳头率、乳头发病率均明显偏高。结果表明,青海省海北州奶牛群中存在不同程度的临床型乳房炎和隐性乳房炎的发病,且发病率与挤奶操作技术水平、奶牛胎次和奶牛年龄均具有一定的相关性,挤奶操作越严格发病率越低,胎次越高发病率越高,年龄越大发病率越高,此结果可为青海省奶牛乳房炎的综合防控提供依据。 相似文献
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Control of Pseudomonas mastitis on a large dairy farm by using slightly acidic electrolyzed water 
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下载免费PDF全文 Kazuhiro Kawai Yasunori Shinozuka Ikuo Uchida Kazuhiko Hirose Takashi Mitamura Aiko Watanabe Kana Kuruhara Reiko Yuasa Reiichiro Sato Ken Onda Hajime Nagahata 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1601-1605
The disinfection effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) use in a farm where Pseudomonas mastitis has spread was evaluated. Despite the application of antibiotic therapy and complete cessation of milking infected quarters, numerous new and recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical mastitis infections (5.8–7.1% of clinical mastitis cases) occurred on the farm from 2003 to 2005. Procedural changes and equipment modifications did not improve environmental contamination or the incidence of Pseudomonas mastitis. To more thoroughly decontaminate the milking parlor, an SAEW system was installed in 2006. All milking equipment and the parlor environment were sterilized with SAEW (pH 5–6.5, available chlorine 12 parts per million) before and during milking time. After adopting the SAEW system, the incidence of clinical and subclinical Pseudomonas mastitis cases decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) and disappeared. These findings suggest that SAEW effectively reduced the incidence of mastitis in a herd contaminated by Pseudomonas species. This is the first report to demonstrate the effectiveness of disinfection by SAEW against mastitis pathogens in the environment. 相似文献
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[目的]为了探讨奶牛隐性乳房炎的影响因素。[方法]以2009年1月至2010年1月五个大型奶牛场的5080头泌乳荷斯坦牛为试验材料,从年龄、胎次、日泌乳量、乳区等方面对其隐性乳房炎发病情况进行了调查、统计和分析,并随机选取50头患隐性乳房炎的病料,进行病原学检查。[结果]表明,试验牛群中8.5%的荷斯坦牛为临床性乳房炎阳性,45%的荷斯坦牛为隐性乳房炎阳性;并且,随着年龄、胎次、日泌乳量的不断增加,荷斯坦牛患乳房炎的几率增加;左侧乳区发病率高于右侧乳区;后侧乳区高于前侧乳区;隐性乳房炎的病原微生物主要以金黄色葡萄球菌为主。[结论]加强日常卫生管理是减少乳房炎发病的主要手段。 相似文献
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Y H Schukken D Van de Geer F J Grommers J A Smit A Brand 《The Veterinary record》1989,125(15):393-396
Ten herds with low somatic cell counts in bulk milk had an incidence of clinical mastitis of only 2.2 per 100 cows whereas 10 other herds with similarly low cell counts had an incidence of 53.6 per 100 cows. The major pathogens in the herds with a high incidence were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and the coagulase-negative staphylococci. The percentage of uninfected quarters in the herds with a high incidence of clinical mastitis was 21.4 per cent compared with 12.2 per cent in the herds with a low incidence of clinical mastitis. The prevalence of coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium bovis and Micrococcus species was higher in the herds with a low incidence of clinical mastitis. There was a significant linear relationship between the percentage of uninfected quarters and the incidence of clinical mastitis in the herds with a high incidence of clinical mastitis. In herds with a low incidence of clinical mastitis significantly less teat disinfection after milking was practised. The results suggest that infections with minor pathogens tend to protect cows against mastitis, and that teat disinfection after milking may increase the percentage of uninfected quarters and lead to an increased risk of clinical mastitis in herds with low somatic cell counts in bulk milk. 相似文献
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对新疆巴州地区部分县、市的奶牛乳房炎发病情况进行详细调查,用兰州乳房炎检测法（LMT）和乳汁p H值检验法相结合进行乳房炎诊断,对发病情况与被检牛的挤乳方式、胎次、年龄、饲养管理、卫生条件、泌乳阶段等进行调查。结果表明,随着奶牛年龄的增长,乳房炎发病率明显升高;并且随着胎次的增加,发病率也有所升高;初产奶牛发病率最低,7胎以上的病牛所占比例最高;泌乳阶段与乳房炎的发病率有密切关系;巴州地区部分县、市奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率为45%。 相似文献
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: Factors relating to the occurrence of mastitis were studied on 12 Irish dairy herds with histories of elevated somatic cell count (SCC) and/or increased incidence of clinical mastitis cases. Milk recording data were analysed, housing conditions and calving areas were examined; dry cow therapy, clinical mastitis records, milking technique and aspects of milking machine function were assessed.Herds with a ratio of less than 110 cubicles per 100 cows were more likely to experience environmental mastitis. Herds with inadequate calving facilities, where cows spent prolonged periods on straw bedding, were likely to acquire environmental mastitis. In the majority of the herds, the selection of dry cow therapy lacked adequate planning. The majority of farmers took no action to reduce pain experienced by cows suffering mastitis. Deficiencies in parlour hygiene were evident in all herds experiencing elevation in SCC. 相似文献
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A sample of dairy farms in Great Britain with a monthly bulk milk somatic cell count of less than 150,000 cells/ml was enrolled into a 12-month prospective study. At the end of the study, a questionnaire on milking practice and other farm management practices was sent to the 482 farmers who had collected data on the occurrence of mastitis throughout the 12 months. The response rate was 93 per cent. The reported mean incidence of clinical mastitis was 36.9 cases per 100 cow-years. Factors associated with an increase in the incidence of clinical mastitis were cleaning out the straw yard less frequently than every six weeks, more than 5 per cent of cows leaking milk outside the parlour, checking the foremilk, wearing gloves during milking, an average annual milk yield of more than 7000 litres per cow, dipping or spraying teats before milking and keeping milk with a high somatic cell count out of the bulk tank. Factors associated with a decrease in the incidence of clinical mastitis were using a cloth to dry the teats after washing them as part of premilking preparation, using calving boxes for less than 40 per cent of calvings, and using both cubicles and straw yards to house dry cows, as opposed to other housing. 相似文献
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Rubén N González David J Wilson 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(1):199-221
Mycoplasmal bovine mastitis is potentially a highly contagious disease that can cause severe economic problems in affected herds. The purchase of replacement heifers and cows are frequently the origin of mycoplasmal mastitis outbreaks in previously Mycoplasma-free herds. Purchased cows and heifers should be quarantined and tested for mycoplasmal mastitis before admission to the regular herd. Detection of Mycoplasma-infected cows by culture of milk is straightforward, although there are problems of sensitivity for its detection in milk samples that are inherent to the nature of the disease and laboratory procedures. After detection of infected cows, the best way to protect the herd is to culture all cows in the herd, cows with clinical mastitis, and all heifers and cows after calving and before entering the milking herd. Control of mycoplasmal mastitis requires test and culling from the herd of Mycoplasma-positive cows if possible. When a large number of cows are infected, strict segregation with adequate management is an option; however, animals in this group should never re-enter the Mycoplama-free herd. The functioning of the milking equipment and milking procedures should be evaluated carefully and any flaws corrected. There is no treatment for mycoplasmal mastitis, and vaccination has not proven to be efficacious to prevent, decrease the incidence, or ameliorate the clinical signs of mycoplasmal mastitis. Waste milk should not be fed to calves without pasteurization. M bovis may cause several other pathologies in animals of different ages on a farm, including pneumonia, arthritis, and ear infections. The survival of mycoplasmas in different farm microenvironments needs to be further investigated for its impact on the epidemiology of the disease. 相似文献
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Effect of residual calf suckling on clinical and sub-clinical infections of mastitis in dual-purpose cows: Epidemiological measurements 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Gonzlez-Sedano B. Mar&#x;n-Mej&#x;a M.I. Maranto A.C. Leme de Magalhes-Labarthe M.A. Alonso-D&#x;az 《Research in veterinary science》2010,89(3):362-366
The effect of residual calf suckling on sub-clinical (SM) and clinical mastitis (CM) in dual-purpose cows was assessed. Prevalence, incidence rate, and relative risk were determined from 30 cows allocated to two treatments: (i) residual calf suckling once after milking (RCS) and, (ii) no residual calf suckling (NRCS). The overall prevalence of SM and CM, at cow and at quarter levels was higher in NRCS cows (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of CM for NCRS and RCS cows was 53 cases per 10,000 animal-days at risk, and eight cases per 10,000 animal-days at risk, respectively. Cows that did not suckle their calves after milking were 6.59 (3.15–13.93) times more likely to develop CM than cows which did suckle after milking. In both experimental groups, coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most frequently isolated pathogens, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eliminating the practice of residual calf suckling presents a high risk for development of mastitis in dual-purpose cows. 相似文献
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Genetic associations of in-line recorded milkability traits and udder conformation with udder health
C. Carlström K. Johansson G. Pettersson H. Stålhammar J. Philipsson 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(2):84-91
Milkability and udder conformation traits of Swedish Holstein (SH) and Swedish Red (SR) cows from 93 herds with automatic milking systems or conventional milking parlors were used to study genetic relationships to lactation average somatic cell score (LSCS) and incidence of clinical mastitis (CM). Estimated genetic correlations between measures of milking speed (average flow rate, milking time and box time) and LSCS ranged between 0.29 and 0.57 and showed that high milking speed is associated with increasing LSCS. Regressions indicated a curvilinear relationship. Genetic correlations between milking speed and CM showed similar values as for LSCS in SH cows, but were inconsistent in SR cows. Shallow udder and strong fore udder attachment were consistently correlated with good udder health. The unfavorable relationships between milking speed and udder health traits should be considered together with a few udder conformation traits when selecting for better milkability. 相似文献
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Punyapornwithaya V Fox LK Hancock DD Gay JM Wenz JR Alldredge JR 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2011,98(1):74-78
The objective was to determine the incidence and transmission of mycoplasma mastitis in the hospital pen in a dairy herd of 650 lactating cows after a hospital pen was established following an outbreak of this disease. Mycoplasma mastitis status was monitored for 3 months through repeated collection of milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis (CM) and from bulk tank milk. During the outbreak 13 cows were diagnosed with Mycoplasma bovis CM, 1 cow with Mycoplasma sp. mastitis and 8 cows showed signs of arthritis, 3 of which were confirmed as having M. bovis arthritis. M. bovis isolates from cows with CM, arthritis and bulk tank milk had indistinguishable chromosomal digest pattern fingerprints. Incidence rates of M. bovis CM cases in the milking and hospital pens were 0.01 and 1.7 cases per 100 cow-days at risk. Approximately 70% of cows with M. bovis CM became infected within 12 days of entering the hospital pen. Transmission of M. bovis in the hospital pen occurred as 3 episodes. Each episode corresponded to the introduction of a cow with M. bovis CM from a milking pen. Evidence indicates that cows with M. bovis CM from milking pens were the source of transmission of the disease in the hospital pen and thus their presence in the hospital pen appeared to be a risk factor for transmission of M. bovis mastitis in this single case study herd. 相似文献