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2012年在西北干旱地区宁夏中部干旱带同心黑膜覆膜条件下,研究了洋葱喷灌方式灌溉量及灌水次数对洋葱产量的影响。结果表明:喷灌2 100m3/hm2处理鳞茎产量最高为77 414.1kg/hm2,较喷灌900m3/hm2处理增产28.50%,供水效率143.09kg/(hm2·mm),水分生产效率155.39kg/(hm2·mm),与喷灌900m3/hm2相比,水分生产效率提高7.53%。因此,优化出洋葱喷灌生产模式灌溉定额2 100m3/hm2,缓苗水300m3/hm2、叶旺长期600m3/hm2、喷灌2次,鳞茎生长期1 200m3/hm2、喷灌4次。 相似文献
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针对牧草种子干燥设备在能耗、排放和太阳能使用等方面存在的问题,提出了太阳能储热供热为主,尾气由热泵除湿后回收使用为辅的节能零排放干燥模式,完成了集热、储热和热泵等主要工作部件以及整机的结构设计,用移动式设计实现了太阳能集热可控和整机安全贮存.试验结果表明:处理量161 kg/h,度电处理量8.4 kg/(kW·h),干燥能力3 367 kg·％/h,干燥强度6.7 kg/(m3 ·h);太阳能相变储热干燥、太阳能一热泵联合干燥、热泵干燥和电加热干燥4种供热干燥模式的耗电量之比是0.9:1.0:1.2:1.5. 相似文献
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《福建农机》2003,(3)
该机叶轮是利用翼型理论进行优化设计而成,具有较大的充气动力效率,并具有耗电少的特点。动力效率比部颁标准高30%以上,同时装有溶氧自控装置,组成一个可根据水中溶氧量自动启闭增氧机的系统——自控增氧机。有两种型号机具:YL-2.5型适用水池深:>2m整机重量:82kg负荷面积:5～6亩配套功率:1.5kW增氧能力:344kgO2/h动力效率:2.39kgO2/kW·h空转噪音:72dB(A)YL-5型适用水池深:≥2m整机重量:102kg负荷面积:11～12亩配套功率:3kW增氧能力:6.63kgO2/h动力效率:2.46kgO2/kW·h空转噪音:79dB(A)该机组重量轻,比现有同类增氧机轻1/3,实现了溶… 相似文献
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《农业机械》2013,(8):73-76
说明:除产品型号外,C表示外形尺寸(mm),N表示功率(kW),L表示轴距(mm),B表示后轮距(mm),Bq表示前轮距(mm),QP表示牵引力(kN),TP表示提升力(kN),G表示结构质量(kg),n表示发动机转速(r/min),Sn表示动力输出转速(r/min),Jn表示工作部件转速(r/min),H表示离地间隙(mm),V表示行驶速度(km/h),Vd表示倒退速度(km/h),R表示转弯半径(cm),qt表示前轮规格,ht表示后轮规格,O表示油箱容积(L),c表示前轮前束(mm),Q表示燃油消耗率(g/kW·h),MQ表示前配重质量(kg),MH表示后配重质量(kg),型号后括弧内为发动机型号。 相似文献
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《中国农机化学报》2016,(11)
针对4FY—0.8B型生物质固化燃料成型车输送系统中,标准式旋风分离器占用空间大和输送管道等输送部件输送不通畅的问题,分析生物质原料颗粒在气力输送过程中不同风量对输送效率的影响,设计并改进其输送系统的结构和参数。通过试验仪器测定生物质原料的基本物理特性参数,验证生物质原料气力输送的基本条件;基于风机风量理论分析及试验验证,最终确定最佳风量以及分离器等其他输送部件及参数。其结果为最佳风量为700m3/h左右时,生物质固化燃料成型车输送系统的输送效果最佳;生物质固化燃料成型车输送系统中分离器的设计尺寸为筒体直径350mm、总高1 130mm;钢制输料管直径为160mm;配备功率2.2kW的离心风机,提供1 264m3/h的风量,3.596kPa的压力;配备功率为0.75kW关风机,容积为4L/r。 相似文献
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稻草与牛粪混合连续厌氧消化制备生物燃气研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以挥发性固体比1:1的稻草与牛粪为混合原料,采用40 L有机玻璃反应器进行连续厌氧消化,考察不同有机负荷率(OLR)3～12 kg/(m3·d)及温度对厌氧消化性能及稳定性的影响.结果表明,高温消化在整个OLR范围内,池容产气率逐渐增加,最高达到5.26 m3/(m3 ·d),平均挥发性固体产气率在OLR为3.6 kg/(m3 ·d)时达到最大值489.6L/kg;中温消化在OLR为12 kg/(m3·d)时出现严重的VFAs抑制,在无挥发性脂肪酸抑制的OLR范围(3～8 kg/(m3·d))内,池容产气率逐渐增加,最高达到2.57 m3/(m3·d),平均挥发性固体产气率在OLR为3.6 kg/(m3·d)时达到最大值440.0L/kg;当OLR升高到8 kg/(m3 ·d)时,中温和高温发酵系统均出现了严重的污泥膨胀. 相似文献
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《灌溉排水学报》2019,(Z2)
【目的】制定拱棚辣椒水肥一体化施肥制度。【方法】设置3个施肥量和3个灌水量,按生育期进行调整,完全随机设计试验,旨在研究不同灌水量与施肥量对拱棚辣椒土壤酶活性、土壤硝酸盐量、果实品质等指标的影响。【结果】苗期—开花期灌水量和施肥量分别为201 m3/hm2和60 kg/hm2,开花—果实膨大期灌水量和施肥量226.5m3/hm2和119.7 kg/hm2,果实膨大期—拉秧期灌水量和施肥量分别为300 m3/hm2和180.0 kg/hm2,辣椒植株根系活力最强,为18.905μg/h;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性最强,分别为182.59、874.1 mg/(g·24h)、7.5 mg/(g·min)、0.15 mg/(g·72h);土壤硝态氮量最低,为5.91 mg/kg;辣椒根干质量、根冠比最大,为20.2 g、0.22;辣椒可溶性蛋白量、可溶性糖量、维生素C量最高,分别为32.24、37.9、130.42 mg/g。【结论】苗期—开花期、开花—果实膨大期、果实膨大期—拉秧期3个时期,灌水量是201、226.5、300 m3/hm2,施肥量是60、119.7、180 kg/hm2,拱棚辣椒土壤酶活性,辣椒品质均比其他处理高。 相似文献
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为了研究不同泥沙直径对贯流式水轮机全流道磨损情况,基于雷诺时均N-S方程,采用欧拉-拉格朗日法并结合多面体网格技术、Realizable k-ε Two-layer湍流模型对贯流式水轮机全流道进行三维非定常固液两相流数值模拟.结果表明:同一泥沙浓度下随着泥沙直径的增大,进水管道上端面磨损较小而下端面磨损较大,当泥沙直径为0.2 mm时下端面最大磨损率达到0.000 795 kg/(m2·s);活动导叶和尾水管磨损区域随着泥沙直径的增大逐渐减小,当泥沙直径为0.01 mm时活动导叶最大磨损率为0.004 600 kg/(m2·s),主要磨损区域为导叶吸力面,尾水管最大磨损率为0.000 540 kg/(m2·s);转轮最大磨损率随着泥沙直径的增大逐渐变小,当泥沙直径为0.01 mm时,转轮最大磨损率为0.062 200 kg/(m2·s),主要磨损区域为叶片出水边和靠近轮毂处.机组在运行过程中,磨损最严重的部件是转轮,当泥沙直径为0.05 mm时,转轮体整体磨损率达到了5.750 000 kg/(m2·s),应避免转轮长时间在小直径泥沙下运行,导致磨损加剧. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献