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目前。我国奶源生产的主体主要有三种类型:一是规模化奶牛养殖场,二是以农户为主体的养殖小区,三是家庭奶牛养殖。这三种奶源生产模式中以存栏规模在5—10头牛的农户占了大部分。由于这部分奶源是在小规模、分散饲养、粗饲料条件差、手工挤奶并缺乏冷链等条件下生产出来的, 相似文献
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《兽药与饲料添加剂》2005,10(4):46-46
扩大良种奶牛规模,提升优质奶源比例,已成为优化中国乳品质量的根本出路。据专家介绍,目前中国奶牛平均单产不及乳业发达国家的一半,良种奶牛占有率低。为此,上海投资1.2亿元实施“优质奶牛育种”项目.目标是成为国内优质奶牛胚胎和冻精的主要输出基地。 相似文献
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新疆阿克苏新农乳业有限责任公司是有新疆塔里木农业开发有限责任公司控股的以奶牛养殖、乳品加工销售为主的股份制公司。拥有三个现代化的千头奶牛场、一个采用国际上先进的日处理鲜奶300吨的利乐牛奶生产线、一个日处理鲜奶100吨的奶粉生产线。随着该公司的快速发展,培植奶源基地工程也已启动,同时也是带动地方经济发展的一条有效途径。目前,农一师已先后引进进口荷斯坦奶牛近万头,形成了20个奶牛养殖小区。阿克苏地区温宿县、新和县、库车县、拜城县形成奶牛养殖小区32个。这为新农乳业公司奶源提供了保障。 相似文献
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大连市奶业发展和奶源基地建设大致可分三个阶段。20世纪90年代中期以前,以国有、集体奶牛场为主,国家每年给一定的“以奶换料”补贴;上世纪90年代中后期,广大农民纷纷涉足奶牛养殖业,个体养牛数量日增;2003年以来,在政府的重视和扶持下,我市奶牛发展进入“奶牛养殖小区时代”。2005年,大连市奶牛数量为20070头,奶类产量12万t,分别比上年增长5%和23%左右。 相似文献
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河北省一向有着良好的奶牛养殖业,自然成了各大乳业巨头们争夺奶源的重要战场,唐山的乐百氏、均瑶、蒙牛,廊坊的伊利,保定容城的三元,张家口察北的圣元,石家庄行唐的蒙牛等等,各厂家的奶源基地在河北“遍地开花”——“1999年的时候,一头奶牛的价格才4000元,而现在的价格是15000元,好的甚至达到20000元。”国富盛邦奶业公司的杨经理感慨地说。奶牛的价格在短短三年多时间,涨了四五倍。乳品行业是朝阳产业。这个产业发展之快让奶牛的繁殖追赶得气喘吁吁-我国的乳品加工能力正以每年30%的增长速度迅速增加,而奶牛的年增加速度是12%左右,两者之间的巨大落差造成了奶源奇缺,也让奶牛身价狂涨。于是也就有了三年奶牛价格涨了四五倍的财富“神话”。杨经理笑称,“靠着几头奶牛,一家子能生活得很好。” 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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