共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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草履蚧虫的危害及防治赵庚钧草履蚧虫是介壳虫类中的一种，分布于我国大部分地区，危害珊瑚树、杨树、悬铃木等树木，严重时可造成树木生长不良，早期落叶，甚至死亡。对草履蚧虫的防治不可忽视。一、草履蚧虫的形态识别草履蚧虫成虫有雌雄之分，雌虫无翅，扁平，椭圆形，... 相似文献
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南疆垦区果树又一重要害虫—橄榄片盾蚧 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南疆的果树近年来受蚧壳虫危害日趋严重，每年因外壳虫危害所造成的直接经济损失都在百万元以上，受害果品表面布满蚧虫，凸凹不平，斑斑点点；受害果树树势衰弱，严重者死亡，已严重影响了垦区及地方果树业的发展。1994年，我们对南疆库尔勒，阿克苏垦区的果树蚧壳虫调查，发现除原有的蚧虫外，又有一重要害虫危害果树。经专家鉴定为橄摊片盾蚧，此蚧虫在南疆果品生产区分布广、危害严重。我们现将该盾蚧及防治方法介绍给读者。一、学名橄说片盾蚧Parlatoriadeae（Colvee）二、分布及为害橄榄片盾蚧在国外分布较广，国内分布于陕西、新疆… 相似文献
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经调查，在石家庄市郊区柿园蚧虫有６种：柿绒蚧、柿真棉蚧、日本龟蜡蚧、角蜡蚧、草履蚧、桃树木坚蚧，其中前两者为优势种，柿真棉蚧为国内新纪录。其发生特点是数种混合发生，但以一种为主。对柿树物候和主要蚧虫的生活史观察表明：蚧虫的发生与柿树物候期有一定相关性，从而确定了灭虫的最有效时间是：柿绒蚧在柿树结果后、果膨大前（６月１０日前后）；柿真棉蚧在柿果膨大前后（６月中旬）；日本龟蜡蚧在果膨大以后（６月下旬）；草履蚧在柿树芽萌动时期（３月上旬）。控制柿树蚧虫的危害，仍应以化防为主，保护利用天敌为辅。用久效磷或氧乐果喷雾防治，虫口减退率在９４％以上，辅之以久效磷涂梢，防效可达１００％。 相似文献
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平凉市果树蚧壳虫主要有7种，优势种为苹果球蚧、朝鲜球蚧、梨圆蚧和桑白蚧。调查明确了蚧壳虫分布范围和危害概况，初步分析了发生消长因素，并提出了防治建议。 相似文献
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浙江省为害松树的蚧虫 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
记述为害浙江省马尾松、火炬松、湿地松等松树的１０种蚧虫，编制了种的识别检索表，简述了国内尚未见研究的红蜡蚧、松砺盾蚧、松褐圆后蚧的生物学，列出了蚧虫的天敌名录，并提出了防治方法。 相似文献
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北方温室内蚧虫有６科５１种，其中，以盾蚧科、粉蚧科、蚧科种类为主。植物以多年生、常绿、木本种类受害严重；温室以永久性观赏型和管理粗放的类型蚧害严重；蚧虫以多世代、多食性种类发生严重，并且具有世代重叠、发生量大、蔓延快的特点。最后提出了温室蚧虫的治理对策。 相似文献
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A. Lehtijärvi H. T. Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi A. G. Aday Kaya S. Ünal S. Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2017,47(6)
Although several Armillaria species have been reported in Turkey, there is little information about their ecology in Turkish forests. In this study, we investigated five forest stands, approximately 5–74 ha in size, in Kastamonu province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey for the presence of Armillaria species in stumps and logs. The stands were mixed Abies nordmanniana ssp. bornmülleriana and Pinus sylvestris forests managed using a selective cuttings system; the proportion of fir in the total number of stems and stumps ranged from 36 to 98%. Based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer and intergenic spacer regions of the rDNA, all rhizomorphs sampled from the stumps and logs were of Armillaria ostoyae. The size of the genets was estimated with random amplified microsatellites analysis of the isolates and ranged from single stumps to approximately 450 m2. One to seven genets were found in each stand. These results indicate that the genets had arisen from spores and vegetative spread was limited on most sites. 相似文献
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通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。
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建平半干旱地区石质山地造林技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同植物在石质山地的造林成活率、土壤化学性质随造林年限的变化和造林措施对土壤化学性质和植物胸径、树高年净生长量的影响。结果表明：不同植物在石质山地的成活率在21%～85%之间,其中白榆和沙打旺的成活率分别为81%和85%,而小叶杨、刺槐、栾树的成活率均在70%左右;植被能明显提高石质山地不同土层的有机质、全N、P2O5含量,但提高程度随土层深度、养分种类和造林年限的不同而不同;在同一土层,生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高土壤有机质含量（p〈0.01）并显著降低土壤P2O5含量（p〈0.01）;只有保水剂可引起土壤全K含量的明显升高;生物复合肥料、菌剂和保水剂均显著提高白榆、小叶杨、刺槐、栾树树高和胸径的年净生长量,但保水剂的提高程度最高。 相似文献
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植物经常暴露在各种生物和非生物的胁迫之下,这些胁迫会影响植物的生长发育和繁殖并最终导致植物死亡。为了抵御不利的环境条件,植物已经进化出复杂而精细的网络来感知胁迫并激活防御系统。为此,植物激活许多信号转导通路,这些信号转导通路可以改变一些胁迫响应基因的表达,从而引起植物形态、生理和生化的改变以适应逆境。DNA胞嘧啶甲基化是高等真核生物的主要表观遗传机制之一,在维持基因组稳定性和调节基因表达方面起着关键作用。表观遗传变异比遗传变异更为灵活。一旦环境条件发生变化,为了适应新的环境植物都会发生表观遗传的改变。许多研究表明DNA甲基化参与植物的发育和应激反应。基于相关研究对DNA甲基化进行了综述,对植物逆境胁迫有重要意义。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(6):530-542
Abstract The success of natural regeneration on patch clear-cuts in Norway spruce stands in Southern Finland was examined in terms of stocking and tree height. The experiment was established in mature spruce stands in the submesic Myrtillus (MT) site type. In each of the eight study sites, three plots were treated with clear-cutting and planting, clear-cutting with partial tree retention and planting, and patch clear-cutting without site preparation, respectively. In three of the study sites, one plot with patch clear-cutting and site preparation was established. Each plot was 1 ha, out of which three patches of 40×40 m were clear-cut in the patch treatments. 10–11 years after cutting, the patches had on average 1316 crop trees ha–1, of which 91% were spruces. Some 27% of the stands were up to the target stocking level (≥1600 ha?1), and 36% were at least satisfactory (≥1300 ha?1). Site preparation did not yield greater stocking levels on patches, but that result is ambiguous due to a difference in initial stocking. The average spruce tree height in the patches (0.76 m) was much smaller than in the case of clear-cutting and planting (2.42 m). In conclusion, the patches had been restocked tolerably well with spruce and birch for practical purposes during the 10- to 11-year period, but the regeneration process had been very slow compared to clear-cutting and planting. 相似文献
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The study focused on the success of regeneration on patch cuts in spruce-dominated stands in terms of stocking and tree height. It was based on an experiment in the Kainuu region in northern Finland. The experimental design included 8 stands with 58 clearcut patches of variable size (0.09–0.37?ha), on which either natural regeneration without site preparation or site preparation and planting of Scots pine was applied. A regeneration survey was conducted 13–15 growing seasons after treatments. Patches without site preparation had been restocked quite well from natural seed sources. The average number of trees was about 11,000?ha?1, of which 1700?ha?1 crop trees. With site preparation and planting, the stocking levels were also very high, 25,000 and 2100?ha?1, respectively. One hundred percent of the planted patches and 75% of the naturally regenerated patches had an acceptable density. Restocking was equally good across the range of patch sizes. Tree growth had been somewhat slower in the smallest patches than in the largest ones in the range. Natural regeneration was capable of yielding good regeneration results in most patches, especially when site preparation was applied. Stocking levels and height development were higher yet in the planted patches. 相似文献
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Keisuke Kojiro Yuzo Furuta Makoto Ohkoshi Yutaka Ishimaru Misao Yokoyama Junji Sugiyama Shuichi Kawai Takumi Mitsutani Hiromasa Ozaki Minoru Sakamoto Mineo Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(6):515-519
To investigate the changes in microstructures of wood with elapsed time in the environment, CO2 adsorption onto dry wood was measured at ice-water temperature (273 K) for samples aged from 0.1 years to over 1000 years.
The micropore size distribution was obtained using the Horvath-Kawazoe method. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood decreased
in number with elapsed time in the environment, and a negative correlation was found between cumulative pore volume for pores
smaller than 0.6 nm and elapsed time in the environment. Cumulative pore volume in the 1000-year sample was almost half of
that in the 0.1- year sample. Micropores smaller than 0.6 nm in wood with a few decades or more of elapsed time increased
in number after rewetting and drying. Consequently, microstructures of wood with longer time elapsed in the environment were
considered to be more stable, because of longer-term thermal motion and possibly more repeated moisture adsorption and desorption
and/or temperature variation in the environment. 相似文献
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