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1.
湖南省新化县近几年动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例不断增多。为掌握新化县羊群布鲁氏菌病的群体流行率,了解饲养场户、贩运户和经销商对该病的知晓情况以及羊贩运户和经销商的一般经济行为,寻找养殖环节中导致布鲁氏菌感染的风险因素,应用流行病学方法,以新化县10个乡镇现存栏羊15只以上的养殖场户为研究对象,第一阶段以场户为单位,以估计流行率为目的,以名单为抽样框,随机抽样;第二阶段在群内选择个体,以发现疫病为目的,随机或基于风险采样。将采集的血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和竞争酶联免疫吸附垂直试验进行检测。重点调查出现动物布鲁氏菌病疫情和人间病例乡镇的养殖场,以及活羊贩运经纪人和经销商等从业人员,掌握羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况和活羊流通情况。调查结果显示:新化县高风险区存栏羊15只以上养殖场户的羊布鲁氏菌病流行率为0(95%CI:0～2.8%);新化县羊养殖场户以小规模自繁自养为主,一般放牧于自家附近山头;出栏羊主要在县内流通,养殖场户内生物安全防护措施不到位;养殖场户的布鲁氏菌病总体知晓率为80.6%,屠宰零售商为15.2%,贩运经纪人为25.0%,职业人群自我防护差;活羊调入以省外为主,冬季调运频繁,主要流向屠宰终端,经纪人在流通环节中充当重要角色。调查结果提示:应加强活羊流通领域的检疫监管,特别是冬季,要提高监测频次;当地需坚持实行"监测+扑杀"的综合防控策略,持续开展布鲁氏菌病相关的健康宣教和行为干预,重点针对屠宰经销商和经纪人,以提高职业人群的预防意识,培养其良好的职业行为和习惯。本研究为新化县布鲁氏菌病防控提供了依据,也为全国布鲁氏菌病防控积累了经验。 相似文献
2.
为了解我国北方地区羊群生产、调运和交易等环节卫生状况,分析不同环节生物安全风险因素,2016年对内蒙古等15个省份,以及新疆生产建设兵团和黑龙江农垦进行了羊群卫生状况调查。数据显示,我国北方地区羊养殖规模化水平不断提高,2010—2015年羊养殖场户数减少了20.3%,出栏量增加了5.6%。养殖方式上,以放养和放圈养结合为主;繁育方式上,68%的场户为自繁自养。养殖场生物安全防护水平整体较低,羊个体发病率为8.9%,死亡率为2.7%。平均每县有2个活羊市场,每个市场日均交易活羊813只;活羊交易市场卫生状况总体较差。跨县境调出羊数量约占出栏量的56%;饲养用活羊长距离跨省调运范围广且呈聚集性分布;经纪人在羊只调运环节中起重要作用。 相似文献
3.
为了解调运羊只对疫病发生的影响,对5个县的20个养羊户进行调查,结果显示,羊的发病率调运羊群是本地羊群的2.78倍。随着羊肉价格的攀升,活羊调运日渐频繁,虽然增加了市场供应,同时也增加了输入性疫病的发生风险。为了研究长途调运羊只对疫病的影响,笔者于2014年3月份进行了调查。1调查方法 1.1调查样本量的确定将从外省调运的羊群作为研究组,本省羊群作为对照组。根据平时了解的情况, 相似文献
4.
2015年5月25日上海市动物疫病预防控制中心接到某区关于在养羊专业户羊群中检出10份羊布鲁氏菌病血清学阳性样品的报告,经上海市动物疫病预防控制中心兽医疾病诊断中心复检,这10份样品亦为布鲁氏菌病阳性。为掌握疫病的发生原因、调查疫病可能来源和追踪疫病去向,上海市动物疫病预防控制中心会同某区相关人员组成工作组,赶赴该养羊专业户养殖现场,通过座谈、问卷调查、实地查看、样品采集和查阅档案资料等方式开展了紧急调查。调查发现,本次羊布鲁氏菌病血清学检测阳性的原因为养羊专业户私自使用布鲁氏菌病疫苗免疫。由此,建议收缴存留的羊布鲁氏菌病疫苗,按照《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》,对私自滥用疫苗行为进行处罚,同时加强政策宣贯,及时开展布鲁氏菌病防控知识培训,杜绝再次出现私自滥用疫苗行为。 相似文献
5.
为了解河南省未免疫羊群布鲁氏菌感染情况，2018年以河南省未免疫布鲁氏菌病疫苗的羊群为研究对象，开展羊群布鲁氏菌病血清学普查，共对1 830个场群的59 462份血清样品进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测，并对结果进行空间、群间分布分析。结果显示：河南省羊群布鲁氏菌感染抗体平均场群阳性率为3.93%，个体阳性率为1.24%；豫西地区场群流行率和个体流行率均最高，分别为12.31%和6.43%，豫东地区最低，分别为0.55%和0.04%；散养户的场群阳性率和个体阳性率均最高，分别为7.53%和2.17%，而羊屠宰场和交易市场中未检出阳性。结果表明：豫西地区以及散养户羊群布鲁氏菌病流行情况较为严重，应采取全面免疫的防控措施，降低该地的布鲁氏菌病流行率；豫东、豫南地区和种羊场等流行率较低的地区和场点，可采取检测、扑杀等措施，逐步实现净化目标；羊屠宰场和交易市场虽然无阳性检出，但应继续加强监测，防止病菌交叉传播。通过本次河南省未免疫羊群普查，基本掌握了全省未免疫羊群的布鲁氏菌病流行状况，从而为全省羊群布鲁氏菌病防控提供了重要的参考数据。 相似文献
6.
<正>为进一步做好小反刍兽疫防控工作,降低疫情传播风险,切实保障养羊业生产发展和羊肉产品有效供给,省畜牧业管理局要求全省各地要严格按照农业部办公厅下发的《关于加强活羊跨省调运监管工作的通知》(农办医〔2014〕35号)要求认真做好活羊跨省调运监管工作。一、关于商品活羊的跨省调运(一)在实施小反刍兽疫免疫的省份之间调运活羊应当同时满足以下条件:免疫后超过21天,并在有效免疫保护期内;所在羊群最近21天内未引进活羊;在实验室血清学检测基础上,经产地检疫合格,且动物检疫合格证明A证经县级以上动物卫生监督机构负责人签字。 相似文献
7.
笔者根据多年羊定点屠宰场检疫工作的实践 ,试述羊定点屠宰的检疫要求要点。仅供同行参考。1 宰前检疫通过宰前检疫羊只可以及早发现病羊 ,及时隔离剔出处理 ,以避免混入待宰羊群 ,进入正常屠宰加工过程 ,不致造成污染环境和引起疫病的传播流行。1 1 查证验物 对受检的羊群 ,首先要检查动物防疫监督机构签发的动物检疫证明 ,非疫区证明 ,运载工具消毒证明 ,按出具的证明核对羊群数量 ,了解运输途中及进场后有无病死羊只情况 ,若发生病死羊只及时处理。然后对无证、证明过期或证物不符的羊群实施补检重检后 ,方可入场屠宰。1 2 检疫方法… 相似文献
8.
1放牧羊群的组群 合理组群有利于放牧管理,以及羊的选留和淘汰,并且可以合理利用和保护草场,经济地利用劳动力和设备,充分发挥牧地和羊的生产潜力。放牧羊群应根据羊的数量、品种、性别、年龄、牧地等具体情况合理组群。羊的数量多,同一品种可分为种公羊群、一般公羊群、育成公羊群、羯羊群和育种母羊核心群、成年母羊群、育成母羊群等。在成年母羊群和育成母羊群中,还可鉴定等级组群。羊的数量少,不能多组群时,应将种公羊单独组群,母羊组成繁殖群和淘汰群。非种用公羊应去势,防止劣质公羊在群内杂交乱配,影响羊群质量的提高。羊群大小,要根据羊的质量、生产性能和牧地的地形与牧草生长情况来定。一般种公羊群要小于繁殖群,高产性能的羊群要小于低产性能的羊群。地形复杂、植被不好,不宜大群放牧的地区,羊群要小,反之羊群则大。就地区而言,在牧区放牧羊群的规模,繁殖母羊群一般以250-500只,半农半牧区100-150只,山区50-100只,农区30-50只为宜。育成公羊群可适当增大,核心母羊群可适当减少,成年种公羊20-30只,后备种公羊40-60只为宜。 相似文献
9.
正羊群的养殖主要是为了提高养殖业的经济收入,通过提供羊奶、羊毛等农副产品从而增加农民的收入,但是如果因为疾病等原因,致使羊群大量死亡,则会给农民造成巨大的经济损失,因此必须重视羊群疾病的控制,根据羊群的实际情况,提前采取必要的对策。一、羊病治疗方法的发展状况养殖业的发展从远古时期就开始了,人们通过养殖动物,从而为生活提供素材和养料,维持人类的 相似文献
10.
羊疥螨病是由疥螨寄生在羊体表而引发的一种慢性接触性传染病,放牧羊群和舍饲羊群都容易发生,寒冷季节高发,虫体和虫卵对外界环境抵抗力强,主要通过羊之间密切接触进行传播。感染羊表现局部奇痒,对采食和饮水造成影响;在病健交界皮肤处取病料,通过活虫或死虫检查能对本病进行确诊。预防本病需作好环境卫生管理工作,必要时进行药物预防,治疗本病最常见的为局部涂药法、药浴法、注射药物法和中药治疗法等。 相似文献
11.
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
12.
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
13.
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection. 相似文献
15.
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
16.
In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated. Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively. 相似文献
17.
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
18.
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%). Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada. 相似文献
20.
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario. Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously. 相似文献
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