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为揭示外来入侵植物长刺蒺藜草 Cenchrus longispinus能够在贫瘠沙性土壤中快速生长、定殖的入侵机制,利用传统功能微生物筛选培养法、 16S rDNA高通量测序技术及细菌基因组重复序列PCR（genome repetitive sequence PCR, rep-PCR）基因指纹图谱技术分析其根际土壤中解磷细菌的丰富度及多样性,并与本地伴生植物冰草Agropyron cristatum和狗尾草Setaria viridis根际土壤中的解磷细菌群落进行比较。结果显示,长刺蒺藜草根际土壤中解磷细菌的数量分别达到8.61×104 CFU/g和7.34×104 CFU/g,显著高于其余土壤样品。相较于空白对照土壤,长刺蒺藜草根际土壤中的解有机磷细菌数量增加最多,增加了87.0%,冰草和狗尾草根际土壤中的解有机磷细菌数量则分别增加了28.3%和15.2%;而长刺蒺藜草、冰草和狗尾草根际土壤中的解无机磷细菌数量分别增加了36.7%、 89.8%和24.5%。聚类分析结果表明,不同根际土壤中解磷细菌之间没有共有的优势聚类群。长刺蒺藜草根际土壤中2种解磷细菌群落的物种均匀度指数显著高于空白对照土壤和冰草及狗尾草根际土壤,而物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于冰草及狗尾草根际土壤;其根际土壤中解无机磷细菌优势菌属经鉴定为金黄杆菌属 Chryseobacterium。表明长刺蒺藜草在贫瘠沙土中对磷素的高效利用可能是其快速入侵并定殖的机制之一。 相似文献
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为揭示外来入侵植物长刺蒺藜草 Cenchrus longispinus对氮素高效利用的微生态机制,利用宏基因组测序技术分析长刺蒺藜草、狗尾草 Setaria viridis、披碱草 Elymus dahuricus三种杂草根际土壤及对照中参与氮循环的微生物类群及功能基因差异。结果显示,长刺蒺藜草入侵显著增加了根际土壤中全氮和硝态氮含量,显著降低了土壤水溶性氮含量;长刺蒺藜草根际土壤中链霉菌属Streptomyces、红色杆菌属 Rubrobacter、硝化螺旋菌属 Nitrospira及类诺卡氏菌属 Nocardioides微生物丰度与其他3个处理之间差异显著,并与根际土壤中硝态氮含量显著相关;长刺蒺藜草根际土壤中微生物的氮代谢功能基因nasB和nifK丰度与对照之间差异显著,且与根际土壤中硝态氮含量显著相关。推测长刺蒺藜草入侵通过增加根际土壤中链霉菌属、红色杆菌属和类诺卡氏菌属微生物丰度影响根际土壤的氮代谢过程,通过减少 nasA基因丰度降低硝酸盐同化速率,其根际土壤有少量nifK固氮基因,表明其有一定的固氮能力。 相似文献
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中国重要外来物种紫茎泽兰的研究现状 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
紫茎泽兰曾被作为观赏性植物引入欧洲、澳洲、南美洲、亚洲等地,如今却成为我国最具侵害性的杂草之一。本文综述了外来恶性杂草紫茎泽兰的植物学特征、分布、入侵机制、危害性,以及对它的防除与综合利用。 相似文献
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紫茎泽兰化学防除试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
紫茎泽兰是一种外来入侵的恶性杂草，具有适应性强、扩散蔓延迅速、防除困难等特点，为了筛选出对紫茎泽兰防除效果好的药剂，我们于2005年在德昌县德州镇凤凰村实施了紫茎泽兰化学防除试验。 相似文献
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紫茎泽兰Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng是一种世界性恶性入侵杂草[1-2],化感作用是其种群竞争扩张的重要策略[3].次生物质通过器官表面的挥发是化感物质释放的主要途径之一,3-己烯-1-醇、水芹烯、2-蒈烯、α-蒎烯、莰烯是紫茎泽兰的挥发性化感组分[4-5].植物挥发物不仅影响本地植物的生长,而且也影响微生物的生长和发育.为从微生物学的角度进一步探讨紫茎泽兰的入侵机制,本试验以木霉Trichoderma harzianum和灰霉Botrytis cinerea为研究对象,研究了紫茎泽兰的5种挥发物对木霉和灰霉孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响. 相似文献
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《杂草科学》2017,(3)
为探讨不同生境条件下紫茎泽兰的生态对策,采用样方法对广西野外4个不同群落中紫茎泽兰的生长和繁殖特征进行调查研究。结果表明,野外不同群落之间紫茎泽兰的生长与繁殖特征大多存在显著差异,除株高外,其他参数都是开阔地最高,白栎黄檀混交林最低。不同群落之间紫茎泽兰的地上生物量以及繁殖分配存在显著差异,开阔地和桉树林中紫茎泽兰的地上生物量显著大于其他2个群落;开阔地中紫茎泽兰繁殖分配最大,显著大于其他群落。群落的郁闭度与紫茎泽兰的各生长和繁殖参数都呈极显著负相关关系,说明群落郁闭度影响紫茎泽兰的生长与繁殖。紫茎泽兰能根据不同的环境变化选择不同的适应对策,说明紫茎泽兰具有很强的适应能力,容易入侵到各个生境中。郁闭度较高的群落对紫茎泽兰有较好的控制作用,因而进行群落改造、增加群落的郁闭度,能有效地控制紫茎泽兰。 相似文献
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S K DONG † B S CUI Z F YANG S L LIU J LIU Z K DING J J ZHU W K YAO & G L WEI 《Weed Research》2008,48(3):282-288
This study was conducted to examine the roles of both environmental variables and road factors in explaining the spatial patterns of the exotic plant, Ageratina adenophora (Crofton weed), within the roadside habitats along the Dian–Myanmar International Road. The results indicate this plant was comparatively abundant along the middle part of this International Road and significantly less common along the northern section. The highest presence of A. adenophora was found at the site of new roads. This plant invaded more easily into spoil ground where road soil or construction waste was piled up. This road was confirmed as a corridor of A. adenophora invasion and should be considered as an important target of local and regional efforts to prevent and control cross-border and interior invasions of this exotic plant. 相似文献
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Plant invasiveness and target plant density: high densities of native Schima wallichii seedlings reduce negative effects of invasive Ageratina adenophora 
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下载免费PDF全文 Economically feasible strategies to cope with invasive species are urgently needed. Plant density can be increased to reduce competitive effects on target plants. This study indicates that increasing native plant density can be used to reduce the effect of invasive Ageratina adenophora. Seedlings of an indigenous tree species, Schima wallichii, were grown in pots containing uninvaded or invaded soil, with or without A. adenophora leaf litter on the soil surface. Schima wallichii seedlings were also grown at four densities under four levels of A. adenophora leaf litter. Root and shoot biomass and length were measured as response parameters in both bioassays. Schima wallichii growth was inhibited by A. adenophora leaf litter and invaded soil. High litter levels reduced S. wallichii root length and dry weight at low plant densities. The inhibition disappeared at high S. wallichii plant densities. As A. adenophora did not inhibit S. wallichii growth at high plant densities, adjustments of seedling density should be studied as a possible management strategy for invasion by A. adenophora and potentially by other exotic plant species. As density‐dependent growth inhibition is the key characteristic of chemical interference, we propose that phytotoxins contribute to A. adenophora invasion particularly at low densities of native seedlings. 相似文献
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Effects of the invasive shrub,Lantana camara,on soil properties in the Eastern Cape,South Africa 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Lantana camara L. is an invasive alien shrub of worldwide significance due to its impacts on biodiversity. It can alter the soil properties of invaded ecosystems and, as a result, affect management outcomes. However, knowledge on the impacts of L. camara on soil properties is scanty, especially in South Africa, despite the pervasive presence of the plant in the country. In this comparative study, the soils underneath L. camara were assessed in order to determine if they had different properties (soil physico‐chemical properties, penetration resistance, infiltration, hydraulic conductivity and water repellency) in comparison to the soils in adjacent natural sites in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Soil samples were collected from the top soil beneath the canopy of both L. camara‐invaded and adjacent natural sites in five different locations over three summer months. The soils that were collected from underneath L. camara had a significantly higher total C, total P, gravimetric soil moisture (in November and December) and were repellent, compared to the soils in the adjacent natural sites. Soil penetration resistance was significantly higher in the natural sites than in the L. camara‐invaded sites. The soil hydraulic conductivity, soil infiltration rate, soil pH, exchangeable cations and total N showed no significant difference between the invaded and the natural sites. It appears that the soils underneath L. camara have a high total C and total P, soil moisture and are repellent, thus influencing nutrient cycling, potentially making the soil properties underneath it ideal for its own growth. This could contribute to the success of L. camara as an invasive species. 相似文献
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放牧对典型草原土壤中几种生态因子影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了放牧强度对典型草原土壤中的微生物量氮、碳,微生物数量,五种酶活性和土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明:放牧对草原土壤中微生物量以及微生物数量的影响很显著,围栏和轻度放牧有利于保持或提高土壤中各类微生物数量,过度放牧则使土壤中的微生物量和微生物数量显著降低,同时,随放牧强度的增加,土壤的呼吸强度显著降低;轻度放牧使三类水解酶活性增加或极显著增加,中度和重度放牧导致此三类酶活性显著降低,不同程度的放牧均导致土壤中两类氧化酶活性增加;适度放牧有利于速磷的增加,而过度放牧则导致全磷、全氮和速效氮的显著降低。 相似文献
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Positive plant–soil feedbacks of the invasive Impatiens glandulifera and their effects on above‐ground microbial communities 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Impatiens glandulifera is one of the most widespread invasive plant species in the UK. Although aspects of its biology are known, there is little information about its association with microbial communities, both above ground and below ground. Furthermore, it is unknown whether this species exhibits any form of plant–soil feedback (PSF), commonly seen in other invasive weeds. We conducted a PSF experiment, in which plants of I. glandulifera were grown in soil that supported the species and compared with plants grown in a control soil from the same locality. Soil nutrients were measured, and the soil and foliar microbial communities were assessed. Impatiens glandulifera grew larger and faster in conditioned soil compared with the control. Higher levels of phosphate were also found in conditioned soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonisation was lower in conditioned soils, suggesting that I. glandulifera may rapidly alter AMF communities in invaded areas. PSFs had a significant effect on the foliar endophyte community, with clear separation of species between conditioned and control soils. These results show that I. glandulifera displayed a positive PSF and the PSF mechanism extended beyond the soil microbial community to affect foliar endophytes. The observed increase in endophytes in plants grown in conditioned soil could enhance resistance to herbivory, thus further accentuating the invasive properties of this species. 相似文献
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对罗汉果青枯病菌的生长温度、pH、碳氮营养等生物学特性进行了测定。试验结果表明,罗汉果青枯病菌Lu L3菌株能在pH5.0～8.5和12～40 ℃的范围内生长,最适生长的pH范围为6.0～7.5,最适生长的温度范围为28～35 ℃。测试的6株病原菌株,其生长均能利用蔗糖、葡萄糖、乳糖、山梨醇、麦芽糖、甜醇和甘露醇作为碳源,利用蛋白胨、牛肉浸膏、酵母浸膏、硝酸铵、硝酸钾和脲作为氮源。气温、土壤种类和罗汉果的生育期对病原菌入侵寄主有影响。在20～35 ℃范围内,气温升高利于病原菌的入侵,病害发生严重;病原菌在黏土中入侵寄主容易,在壤土中入侵寄主困难;罗汉果植株越小越利于病原菌的入侵,花蕾期后,未观察到植株被病原菌侵染。接种病原菌Lu L3菌株后,12 h时植株的根表分离到接种的病原菌株;24 h时根内分离到接种的病原菌株;36 h时茎内分离到接种的病原菌株。 相似文献