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1.
胎盘是哺乳动物在妊娠期间胎儿和母体之间的联系枢纽,因此,胎盘发育是否正常在妊娠中起着关键的作用。Wnt信号通路在胚胎发育和胎盘形成的过程中有着重要的作用,作者通过回顾几条已经研究较为清楚的Wnt信号通路和牛早期胚胎和胎盘的形成过程,介绍了Wnt信号通路的组成部分在体细胞核移植（somatic cell nuclear transfer,SCNT）牛和正常人工授精的牛的胚胎早期表达,提出了DKK-1和Fzd4的表达对于早期胎盘形成和发育有特殊的作用。此外,抑制MAP2K和GSK3信号可以激活Wnt信号通路,增加内细胞团和滋养层细胞的数量,加速囊胚的发育。SCNT牛和正常人工授精的牛早期胎盘中E-cadherin和β-catenin蛋白的磷酸化程度相似,所以对于Wnt信号通路在牛胎盘的早期形成和发育中的作用还需进一步的了解和研究。 相似文献
2.
H-R Kim K Naruse H-R Lee R-X Han C-S Park D-I Jin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(4):714-717
Cloned mammals suffer from high rates of placental abnormality and foetal loss during pregnancy. We previously used 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for global proteomic analysis of cloned and normal bovine placentae to identify differential protein expression patterns. Here, we used Western blot analysis to confirm the expression levels of several pregnancy-related proteins putatively identified as being differentially expressed in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) vs normal bovine placentae. The expression levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), its downstream protein, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vimentin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI) were analysed in the placentae of SCNT cloned Korean native cattle that died immediately after birth and in normal placentae obtained by AI. Our results revealed that TIMP-2 and SOD were up-regulated in SCNT placenta compared with normal placenta, whereas MMP-2 levels were comparable in cloned and normal placentae, and vimentin and PAI were significantly down-regulated in SCNT compared with normal placentae. Our results suggest that key proteins of placental development are abnormally expressed in SCNT cloned bovine placentae, probably resulting in abnormal placental function and clonal mortality. 相似文献
3.
【目的】 探索胚胎移植前供体牛与受体牛血浆外泌体miRNA的表达差异, 以明确血浆外泌体miRNA在牛早期妊娠中的作用及其调控机制。【方法】 以3~6岁、体重480~600 kg的夏南牛作为研究对象, 选取10头供体牛进行同期发情、超数排卵和人工授精, 23头受体牛只做同期发情处理。在人工授精后第7天, 冲洗供体牛子宫以获取囊胚, 选取3头囊胚数相近的供体牛及3头与供体牛体重和年龄均相近的受体牛, 颈静脉采血, 进行血浆外泌体的分离与鉴定; 然后提取血浆外泌体miRNA, 并检测其表达量; 采用R语言中的DESeq差异算法计算P值, 并筛选出P<0.05的miRNA, 对差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测、GO功能富集分析和KEGG信号通路分析。【结果】 6个样本的囊泡粒径均在135 nm左右, 符合外泌体的特征。与供体牛相比, 受体牛中有9个miRNAs表达显著上调(P<0.05), 13个miRNAs显著下调(P<0.05);22个差异表达的miRNAs中, 有15个miRNAs预测出无重复的靶基因2 990个。GO功能富集分析和KEGG信号通路分析的结果表明, 这些靶基因主要富集在与生物黏附(biological adhesion)、定位(localization)、细胞连接(cell junction)功能有关的通路上, 显著富集的信号通路与黏着斑(focal adhesion)、黏着连接(adherens junction)有关, 提示血浆外泌体miRNA可能参与调控胚胎着床。【结论】 研究结果可为筛选和探究影响胚胎着床的血浆外泌体miRNA提供参考, 并为进一步阐明血浆外泌体miRNA在母牛早期妊娠调控中的作用提供依据。 相似文献
4.
Cho J Bhuiyan MM Shin S Park E Jang G Kang S Lee B Hwang W 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1567-1573
The present study was conducted to establish an efficient production system for bovine transgenic somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, the effect of various conditions of donor cells including cell type, size, and passage number on the developmental competence of transgenic SCNT embryos were examined with their expression rates of a marker gene. An expression plasmid for human prourokinase was constructed by inserting a bovine beta-casein promoter, a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene, and a human prourokinase target gene into a pcDNA3 plasmid. Three types of bovine somatic cells including two adult cells (cumulus cells and ear fibroblasts) and fetal fibroblasts were prepared and transfected with the expression plasmid using a liposomal transfection reagent, Fugene6, as a carrier. In Experiment 1, three types of bovine cells were transfected at passages 2 to 4, and then trypsinized and GFP-expressing cells were randomly selected and used for SCNT. Developmental competence and rates of GFP expression in bovine transgenic SCNT embryos reconstructed with cumulus cells were significantly higher than those from fetal and ear fibroblasts. In all cell types used, GFP expression rates of SCNT embryos gradually decreased with the progression of embryo development. In Experiment 2, the effect of passage number of cumulus cells in early (2 to 4) and late (8 to 12) passages was investigated. No significant differences in the development of transgenic SCNT embryos were observed, but significantly higher GFP expression was shown in blastocysts reconstructed with cumulus cells at early passage. In Experiment 3, different sizes of GFP-expressing transfected cumulus cells [large (>30 microm) or small cell (<30 microm)] at passages 2 to 4 were used for SCNT. A significant improvement in embryo development and GFP expression was observed when small cumulus cells were used for SCNT. Taken together, these results demonstrate that (1) adult somatic cells as well as fetal cells could serve as donor cells in transgenic SCNT embryo production and cumulus cells with small size at early passage were the optimal cell type, and (2) transgenic SCNT embryos derived from adult somatic cells have embryonic development potential. 相似文献
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Wnt信号通路及其在动物生长发育过程中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Wnt途径是重要的细胞信号转导途径,该途径参与了从胚胎到成体的一系列控制胚胎早期的发育、决定细胞分化、细胞增殖及生长的调控,异常表达或激活该途径会导致各种疾病甚至肿瘤发生。本文重点阐述了Wnt信号通路在胚胎发育、细胞分化及其在肿瘤发生过程中的作用,同时揭示深入研究Wnt信号通路,设计出阻断Wnt通路的物质,可为将来肿瘤的治疗开辟一条新的途径。 相似文献
7.
Lorthongpanich C Laowtammathron C Chan AW Ketudat-Cairns M Parnpai R 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(5):306-313
This study was carried out to determine whether culture media reconstructed with bovine enucleated oocytes and the expression pattern of Oct-4 could support dedifferentiaton of monkey fibroblasts in interspecies cloned monkey embryos. In this study, monkey and bovine skin fibroblasts were used as donor cells for reconstruction with bovine enucleated oocytes. The reconstructed monkey interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) embryos were then cultured under six different culture conditions with modifications of the embryo culture media and normal bovine and monkey specifications. The Oct-4 expression patterns of the embryos were examined at the two-cell to blastocyst stages using immunocytochemistry. The monkey iSCNT embryos showed similar cleavage rates to those of bovine SCNT and bovine parthenogenetic activation (PA). However, the monkey iSCNT embryos were not able to develop beyond the 16-cell stage under any of the culture conditions. In monkey and bovine SCNT embryos, Oct-4 could be detected from the two-cell to blastocyst stage, and in bovine PA embryos, Oct-4 was detectable from the morula to blastocyst stage. These results suggested that bovine ooplasm could support dedifferentiation of monkey somatic cell nuclei but could not support embryo development to either the compact morula or blastocyst stage. In conclusion, we found that the culture conditions that tend to enhance monkey iSCNT embryo development and the expression pattern of Oct-4 in cloned embryos (monkey iSCNT and bovine SCNT) are different than in bovine PA embryos. 相似文献
8.
B Alexander G Coppola GF Mastromonaco E St. John ER Reyes DH Betts WA King 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):207-211
Early pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring play an important role following embryo transfer in sheep. The aims of the current study were to investigate (i) the pattern of serum progesterone profiles in sheep carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived (clone) pregnancies, and (ii) the frequency of pregnancy loss during development following SCNT embryo transfer. Sheep SCNT embryos were made using standard nuclear transfer techniques. Day 7 embryos were surgically transferred to oestrus‐synchronized recipients (n = 27). As a control, normal fertile ewes (n = 12) were bred by natural breeding. Serum was collected from all the ewes on the day of estrus (day 0 sample), 7 days post‐estrus (day 7 sample) and 19 days post‐estrus (day 19 sample) and every 10 days thereafter until lambing or pregnancy loss occurred. Serum progesterone (P4) was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound scanning on day 35 of pregnancy followed by subsequent scanning every 10 days. In control ewes, pregnancy rate on day 35 was 83.3% (10/12), whereas in the ewes that received SCNT embryos, it was 22.2% (6/27; p < 0.05). The day 45 pregnancy rate in the control ewes was 83.3%, whereas in the SCNT embryo recipients it was 11.0% (p < 0.05). Hormone analysis revealed that SCNT embryo recipients exhibited a significantly lower P4 profiles at different time points in pregnancy compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study highlights the use of serum progesterone in combination with ultrasound for the investigation of embryo loss and crucial times during development of normal and SCNT embryos in sheep. Further, the serum P4 levels directly reflect the degree of placental development in these two groups. 相似文献
9.
Akagi S Yamaguchi D Matsukawa K Mizutani E Hosoe M Adachi N Kubo M Takahashi S 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2011,57(4):500-506
Aggregation of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos in mice is reported to improve full-term development. In the present study, we attempted to improve the development of SCNT embryos by aggregation in cattle. In Experiment 1, to examine the effect of the timing of aggregation on in vitro development of cumulus-cell NT embryos, we aggregated two or three SCNT embryos (2X or 3X embryos) at the 1-cell, 8-cell and 16- to 32-cell stages. Irrespective of the timing of aggregation, 3X embryos developed to the blastocyst stage at a high rate. However, aggregation did not improve the total blastocyst formation rate of the embryos used. The cell numbers of 3X embryos aggregated at the 1-cell stage and 2X embryos tended to be higher than that of single NT embryos (1X embryos). Furthermore, a significant increase in cell number was observed in 3X embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage and 16- to 32-cell stage. In Experiment 2, we used fibroblast cells as nuclear donors and examined in vitro development of 3X embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage and 16- to 32-cell stage. As a result, 3X embryos had high blastocyst formation rates and higher cell numbers than 1X embryos, which was consistent with the results of Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, we examined the full-term developmental ability of 3X embryos aggregated at the 8-cell stage and 16- to 32-cell stage. After transfer of fibroblast-derived NT embryos into recipient animals, a significantly higher pregnancy rate was obtained on Day 60 in 3X embryos than in 1X embryos. Two embryos aggregated at 8-cell stage and one embryo aggregated at the 16- to 32-cell stage developed to term, while no pregnancies derived from 1X embryos that lasted to Day 60. However, two of the cloned calves were stillborn. These results suggest that aggregation of the 8-cell stage or 16- to 32-cell stage SCNT embryos may improve the pregnancy rate, but that it cannot reduce the high incidence of fetal loss and stillbirth, which is often observed in bovine SCNT. 相似文献
10.
克隆动物胎盘发育缺陷是造成动物克隆效率低下的一个重要原因。目前认为克隆胎盘发育异常通常是由于一些基因表达的异常所致,与表观遗传修饰有关。microRNA是一种重要的表观遗传修饰方式,对动物胚胎发育和胎盘的形成有着重要的调控作用。为研究miR-127和miR-136在克隆动物胎盘中的表达情况及其与克隆动物发育缺陷的关系,本实验运用荧光定量PCR分析了死亡克隆绵羊胎盘和同期普通绵羊胎盘组织中miR-127和miR-136的相对表达量,并鉴定了miR-127和miR-136的靶基因及靶基因在胎盘中的表达情况。结果显示,miR-127和miR-136在克隆绵羊胎盘中的表达量分别增加了3.1和2.8倍。EGFP荧光敲除实验证实,胎盘发育相关基因Rtl1是miR-127和miR-136的靶基因,同时定量PCR分析发现Rtl1基因在克隆绵羊胎盘中的表达量降低了3/5。结果说明,miR-127和miR-136在克隆胎盘中的异常表达可导致Rtl1基因的低表达,这很可能是导致克隆动物死亡的一个重要原因。 相似文献
11.
Mi‐Ryung Park In‐Sul Hwang Tae‐Uk Kwak Ji‐Hyun Lim Seongsoo Hwang Seong‐Keun Cho 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
Mitochondria are necessary for the transition from oocyte to embryo and for early embryonic development. Mitofusin 1 is the main mediator of mitochondrial fusion and homeostasis. We investigated Mitofusin 1 expression levels in porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The rate of blastocyst formation in SCNT embryos was reduced significantly compared with that of parthenogenetic activation embryos. SCNT embryos showed significantly decreased Mitofusin 1 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential, while exhibiting increased reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. Mitochondrial functional changes were observed in the SCNT embryos and may be correlated with low levels of Mitofusin 1 to negatively affect development. 相似文献
12.
【目的】探究牛体内雌性和雄性囊胚在mRNA水平上的特异性差异,挖掘雌性和雄性囊胚发育差异相关候选基因。【方法】参考GenBank中牛牙釉质基因（AMEL）序列（AMELX基因,登录号：NM_001014984.1;AMELY基因,登录号：NM_174240.2）设计引物,以胚胎内细胞DNA为模板,采用巢式PCR扩增技术鉴定单个牛体内囊胚的性别。选用确定性别的单个雌性和雄性囊胚为试验材料,采用Smart-Seq2扩增技术构建单个胚胎测序文库,应用Illumina HiSeq Xten高通量测序平台对单个胚胎进行单细胞转录组测序（scRNA-Seq）,并进行了基因差异表达、GO功能和KEGG通路分析。【结果】通过巢式PCR扩增胚胎内细胞中的AMEL基因,确定了胚胎性别;基因表达分析筛选出两组之间差异表达基因（DEGs）6 160个,其中雌性特异性基因675个,雄性特异性基因305个;GO功能注释发现雌性特异性基因显著注释在核苷酸结合、信号转导调控、多细胞生物发育、细胞骨架等条目,雄性特异性基因显著注释在氧化磷酸化、线粒体、线粒体内膜、核糖体等条目;KEGG通路富集分析发现7条与雌性和雄性囊胚发育差异相关的通路,分别为代谢途径、糖酵解、磷酸戊糖途径、细胞衰老、氧化磷酸化、调节干细胞多能性的信号通路和Wnt信号通路;并利用GO和KEGG结果筛选出5个在牛体内囊胚期胚胎发育过程中具有直接或间接作用的基因：FBP1、GADD45G、FHL2、FOSB和WNT2B。【结论】牛体内雌性和雄性囊胚之间存在广泛的转录差异,性别特异性基因FBP1、GADD45G、FHL2、FOSB和WNT2B可能是直接或间接影响胚胎发育的关键基因。 相似文献
13.
Expression of Interferon-tau mRNA in Bovine Embryos Derived from Different Procedures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N Yao P-C Wan Z-D Hao F-F Gao L Yang M-S Cui Y Wu J-H Liu S Liu H Chen S-M Zeng 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(1):132-139
Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) is a secreted conceptus protein which plays a critical role in the establishment of ruminant pregnancy by its antiluteolytic and antiviral effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that IFN-τ expression was temporally and spatially regulated in different pre-implantation embryos and the levels of IFN-τ expression were different among bovine embryos derived from parthenogenetic activation (PA), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). By using in situ hybridization with Digoxingenin (DIG)-labelled IFN-τ cDNA as a probe, we detected IFN-τ mRNA in bovine embryos from days 3 to 9 in culture. However, the timing of the initiation of IFN-τ mRNA expression was different among PA, IVF and SCNT embryos. Interferon-τ mRNA was first expressed in 16-cell stage IVF embryos on day 4, in SCNT morula on day 5 and early PA blastocyst on day 6. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of IFN-τ mRNA did not differ significantly among IVF, SCNT and PA embryos on day 7. In addition, freezing and thawing did not have a major impact either on IFN-τ mRNA expression in IVF or in vivo -produced bovine blastocysts. 相似文献
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Yang Liu Zhuying Wei Yafei Huang Chunling Bai Linsen Zan Guangpeng Li 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(9):840-847
Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been studied in various animal body life procedures and is suggested to be important for the development of multiple organs. The genes involved in the Hh signaling pathway were expressed in the ovary of mice, pigs and cattle. However, the function of Hh signaling pathway on oocyte maturation and early embryonic development is still controversial. We detected the effect of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and cyclopamine on the in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes and embryo development. The results showed that the presence of Shh or cyclopamine resulted in similar oocyte maturation to control groups. Shh did not improve early embryonic development. However, the supplement of cyclopamine depressed early embryo development. The mRNA of shh, ptch1, smo and gli1 were less detected in the denuded oocytes. The expression levels of ptch1 ascended from the uncleaved zygote to blastocyst stage. Smo or gli1 were expressed on a higher level at the two‐cell or four‐cell stage in early embryonic development separately. Therefore, Shh did not affect mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development, but cyclopamine led to inhibited development of mouse early embryo. The effects of Hh signaling on the oocyte maturation and early embryo development might be species‐specific. 相似文献
16.
Cloning of cattle, sheep, and mice by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can result in apparently healthy offspring, but the probability of a successful and complete pregnancy is less than 5%. Failures of SCNT pregnancy are associated with placental abnormalities, such as placentomegaly, reduced vascularisation, hypoplasia of trophoblastic epithelium, and altered basement membrane. The pathogenesis of these changes is poorly understood, but current evidence implicates aberrant reprogramming of donor nuclei by the recipient oocyte cytoplast, resulting in epigenetic modifications of key regulatory genes essential for normal placental development. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the anatomic pathology of abnormal placentae of SCNT clones and to summarize current knowledge concerning underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
Sung-Hun MIN Bong-Seok SONG Ji-Yeong YEON Jin-Woo KIM Jung-Ho BAE Soo-Yong PARK Yong-Hee LEE Kyu-Tae CHANG Deog-Bon KOO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(1):21-27
Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important and powerful tool for basic
research and biomedical and agricultural applications, however, the efficiency of SCNT has
remained extremely low. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathepsin B
inhibitor (E-64) supplementation of culture medium on in vitro
development of bovine SCNT embryos. We initially used three concentrations of E-64 (0.1,
0.5, 1.0 μm), among which 0.5 μm resulted in the highest rate of blastocysts production after in
vitro fertilization (IVF), and was therefore used for further experiments.
Blastocyst development of SCNT embryos in the E-64 treatment group also increased relative
to the control. Moreover, the cryosurvival rates of IVF and SCNT blastocysts were
increased in E-64 treatment groups when compared with the control. On the other hand, we
found that IVF and SCNT blastocysts derived from E-64-treated groups had increased total
cell numbers and decreased apoptotic nuclei. Furthermore, assessment of the expression of
apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-xL) in bovine IVF and SCNT blastocysts treated with
E-64 by real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed suppressed expression of the pro-apoptotic gene
Bax and stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL. Taken together, these
finding indicate that addition of E-64 to embryo culture medium may have important
implications for improving developmental competence and preimplantation quality in bovine
IVF and SCNT embryos. 相似文献
18.
Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (interspecies SCNT) has been explored in many domestic and non‐domestic animal species. However, problems arise during the development of these embryos, which may be related to species‐specific differences in nuclear–cytoplasmic communication. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of producing bison embryos in vitro using interspecies SCNT and assess the developmental potential of these embryos. Treatment groups consisted of cattle in vitro fertilization (IVF) and cattle SCNT as controls and wood bison SCNT, plains bison SCNT and wisent SCNT as experimental groups. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were assessed, and blastocyst quality was determined using total cell number, apoptotic incidence and relative quantification of mitochondria‐related genes NRF1, MT‐CYB and TFAM. These results indicate that embryos can be produced by interspecies SCNT in all bison species/subspecies (13.34–33.54% blastocyst rates). Although increased incidence of apoptosis was observed in bison SCNT blastocysts compared to cattle SCNT controls (10.45–12.69 vs 8.76, respectively) that corresponded with significantly lower cell numbers (80–87 cells vs >100 cells, respectively), no major differences were observed in the expression of NRF1, MT‐CYB and TFAM. This study is the first to report the production of bison embryos by interspecies SCNT. Blastocyst development in all three bison species/subspecies was greater than the rates obtained in previous studies by IVF, which supports the potential role of SCNT for in vitro embryo production in this species. Yet, further investigation of developmental competence and the factors influencing blastocyst quality and viability is required. 相似文献
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Supplement of autologous ooplasm into porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos does not alter embryo development 
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下载免费PDF全文 W‐J Lee J‐H Lee R‐H Jeon S‐J Jang S‐C Lee J‐S Park S‐L Lee W‐A King G‐J Rho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(3):437-445
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is considered as the technique in which a somatic cell is introduced into an enucleated oocyte to make a cloned animal. However, it is unavoidable to lose a small amount of the ooplasm during enucleation step during SCNT procedure. The present study was aimed to uncover whether the supplement of autologous ooplasm could ameliorate the oocyte competence so as to improve low efficiency of embryo development in porcine SCNT. Autologous ooplasm‐transferred (AOT) embryos were generated by the supplementation with autologous ooplasm into SCNT embryos. They were comparatively evaluated with respect to embryo developmental potential, the number of apoptotic body formation and gene expression including embryonic lineage differentiation, apoptosis, epigenetics and mitochondrial activity in comparison with parthenogenetic, in vitro‐fertilized (IVF) and SCNT embryos. Although AOT embryos showed perfect fusion of autologous donor ooplasm with recipient SCNT embryos, the supplement of autologous ooplasm could not ameliorate embryo developmental potential in regard to the rate of blastocyst formation, total cell number and the number of apoptotic body. Furthermore, overall gene expression of AOT embryos was presented with no significant alterations in comparison with that of SCNT embryos. Taken together, the results of AOT demonstrated inability to make relevant values improved from the level of SCNT embryos to their IVF counterparts. 相似文献