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1.
Treatment of sham-operated female silver eels with carp pituitary extract stimulated ovarian development and induced increases in pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) and gonadoliberin (GnRH) contents. Both effects of carp pituitary extract were abolished in ovariectomized eels, indicating the involvement of the gonads. Endogenous sexual steroids, the secretion of which was increased during sexual maturation, should be responsible for the stimulation of GTH and GnRH levels. Ovariectomy itself had no significant effect on pituitary GTH and GnRH contents, reflecting the fact that, at the silver stage, sexual steroid levels are too low to exert any significant effect on pituitary GTH and GnRH. The positive feedback control exerted by the gonads on GTH and GnRH levels during sexual maturation, in the eel as well as in some other teleosts, would produce an amplification of the pubertal stimulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.  相似文献   

2.
Using specific radioimmunoassays for the two GnRH molecular forms present in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, (mGnRH and cGnRH II), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). In control eels, mGnRH levels were higher than cGnRH II levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon, while the opposite was found in the posterior part of the brain (met- and myelencephalon). Experimental sexual maturation of the gonads significantly increased mGnRH levels in the pituitary and anterior parts of the brain; such a positive effect was not observed on the low cGnRH II levels, which were, in contrast, reduced. These data indicate that the positive feedback of gonadal hormones on GnRH, that we previously demonstrated, would specifically affect the mGnRH form. The differential distribution and control of mGnRH and cGnRH II suggest that these two forms have different physiological roles in the eel. The large increase in mGnRH during sexual maturation suggests the prime implication of this form in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.  相似文献   

3.
采用间隔15d多次埋植雄激素雄烯二酮(4-androstene-3,17-dine,ADSD)或甲基睾酮(17α-methyl-testosterone,MT)诱导雌性日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)性腺发育成熟;并着重研究埋植雄激素后,雌鳗血清中促性腺激素(GtH)及脑和垂体中哺乳类促性腺激素释放激素(mGnRH)含量的动态变化.一次或多次埋植ADSD后,1～5d的血清GtH含量上升,然后下降;并且,血清GtH含量上升的幅度随埋植次数的增加而增加;对于MT处理组,只在埋植7次后第15天测得血清GtH水平显著高于对照组,但仍显著低于ADSD处理组.这表明埋植ADSD和MT可促进GtH的分泌,但两者促进GtH分泌的作用存在显著差异.埋植ADSD 1d后,脑和垂体中mGnRH含量明显增加,第2天后和对照组无明显差别,表明ADSD促进了mGnRH的合成,并可能有一定程度的释放.研究表明雄激素对性腺未发育成熟的雌性日本鳗鲡在脑和垂体两个水平存在正反馈调节作用.  相似文献   

4.
The silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell) (Teraponidae), is a native Australian freshwater fish that, due to its high potential for aquaculture, was introduced to Israeli fish farming. The objective of this study was to find an optimal method for inducing spawning of silver perch. The agents tested for this purpose were: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 150 or 200 IU/kg BW); salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa at 10, 20, 30, or 40 μg/kg BW); mammalian GnRH analogue (mGnRHa at 30 μg/kg) and the combination of sGnRHa at 20 μg/kg and domperidone at 5 mg/kg BW. Based on spawning success and relative fecundity, sGnRHa at the dose of 30 μg/kg was found to be more efficient than hCG, mGnRHa or sGnRHa with domperidone. Since domperidone does not improve the GnRHa effect on final oocyte maturation (FOM) and spawning, it is suggested that the dopaminergic inhibition during the stages of FOM in the silver perch is weak. Therefore, the use of GnRHa alone is sufficient to induce spawning in this fish. Immunoreactive gonadotropin (IR-GtH) and estradiol levels increased after a single injection of sGnRHa, and peaked after 24 h. Plasma levels of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P) also increased significantly 24 h after the injection of mGnRHa, 12 h before spawning, suggesting that 17,20-P is the maturation-inducing steroid in silver perch. In order to reveal whether the heterologous gonadotropin may elicit an immunological reaction, silver perch was subjected to prolonged treatment with hCG. This treatment resulted in no detectable titer of antibodies against the mammalian gonadotropin. In conclusion, although hCG has no deleterious effects in this fish, and is the more commonly used for spawning induction, sGnRHa at 30 μg/kg is the recommended treatment for spawning induction of female silver perch under the conditions prevailing in Israeli aquaculture.  相似文献   

5.
The goldfish pituitary contains two classes of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) binding sites, a high affinity/low capacity site and a low affinity/high capacity site (Habibiet al. 1987a), whereas the catfish pituitary contains a single class of high affinity GnRH binding sites (De Leeuwet al. 1988a). Seasonal variations in pituitary GnRH receptor binding parameters, and the effect of castration on pituitary GnRH receptor binding were investigated in goldfish and catfish, respectively. In goldfish, GnRH receptors undergo seasonal variation with the highest pituitary content of both high and low affinity sites occurring during the late stages of gonadal recrudescence. The observed changes in pituitary GnRH receptor content correlate closely with responsiveness to a GnRH agonistin vivo in terms of serum gonadotropin (GTH) levels. In catfish, castration results in a two-fold increase in pituitary GnRH receptor content, which can be reversed by concomitant treatment with androstenedione, but not by the non-aromatizable androgen 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione; changes observed in GnRH receptor content correlate with variations in serum GTH levels and responsiveness to a GnRH agonist. In summary, the present study provides a clear evidence for seasonal variation in pituitary GnRH receptor activity in goldfish, and demonstrates a gonadal feedback mechanism regulating GnRH receptor activity in the catfish pituitary.  相似文献   

6.
Significance of NPY in the regulation of GnRH–LH axis was evaluated. Considerable NPY immunoreactivity was seen in the components like olfactory system, basal telencephalon, preoptic and tuberal areas, and the pituitary gland that serve as neuroanatomical substrates for processing reproductive information. Close anatomical association as well as colocalizations of NPY and GnRH were seen in the olfactory receptor neurons, olfactory nerve fibers and their terminals in the glomeruli, ganglion cells of nervus terminalis, medial olfactory tracts, fibers in the ventral telencephalon and pituitary. In the pituitary, NPY fibers seem to innervate the GnRH as well as LH cells. Intracranial administration of NPY resulted in significant increase in the GnRH immunoreactivity in all the components of the olfactory system. In the pituitary, NPY augmented the population of GnRH fibers and LH cells. HPLC analysis showed that salmon GnRH content in the olfactory organ, bulb, preoptic area+telencephalon and pituitary was also significantly increased following NPY treatment. NPY may play a role in positive regulation of GnRH throughout the neuraxis and also up-regulate the LH cells in the pituitary.  相似文献   

7.
In teleosts, as in other vertebrates, the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin (GTH) is mediated by the hypothalamic decapeptide, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Recent findings in teleosts indicate that GnRH receptors are not restricted to the pituitary gonadotropes and are also associated with somatotropes as well as being present in a number of other tissues. In the present study, we provide novel information on GnRH binding in a number of extrapituitary tissues in goldfish. However, we do not intend to provide full characterization of GnRH binding sites in various extrapituitary tissues in goldfish as this would clearly be outside the scope of this paper. In this study we examined GnRH binding in a number of extrapituitary tissues in goldfish and observed specific binding in ovary, testis, brain, liver and kidney. No specific GnRH binding was observed in muscle, skin, gut, gill and heart. In general, the present findings together with the results of other studies carried out in our laboratory demonstrate that mature goldfish ovary and testis contain two classes of GnRH binding sites, high affinity/low capacity and low affinity/high capacity sites with binding characteristics similar to those of the pituitary GnRH receptors. The brain of goldfish was also found to contain two classes of GnRH binding sites, a super-high affinity/low capacity and a low affinity/high capacity sites. Furthermore, study of goldfish liver and kidney demonstrated the presence of a single class of GnRH binding sites with characteristics different from those of pituitary, ovary, testis and brain. Overall, it is evident that goldfish contains a family of GnRH binding sites which can be classified into four groups based on binding affinities: 1) A class of high affinity binding sites present in the pituitary, ovary and testis, 2) a class of super high affinity sites so far only detected in the brain, 3) a class of intermediate-affinity GnRH binding sites in the liver and kidney, and 4) a class of low affinity binding sites present in all the tissues containing specific GnRH binding sites except for liver and kidney.  相似文献   

8.
GnRH_A和紫萁抑制大黄鱼性腺早熟的机制   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
翁幼竹 《水产学报》2001,25(6):518-521,T001
应用脑垂体组织生理学和免疫组织化学方法，对GnRH-A和紫萁抑制大黄鱼性早熟的作用机制进行了研究。结果表明，性早熟大黄鱼脑垂体许多促性腺激素分泌细胞的胞质出现空泡，提示性早熟的原因可能是由于GtH细胞提早进入分泌活动所致。长期服用促性腺激素释放激素类似物的养殖大黄鱼（没有性早熟），它的脑垂体GtH细胞对GnRH抗独特型发生弱的免疫阳性反应，而对照组性早熟鱼仍出现强的反应，表明实验组大黄鱼脑垂体GtH细胞对GnRH-A的应答能力下降，出现脱敏效应，这可能与GnRH-A抑制大黄鱼性早熟有关。养殖大黄鱼长期服用紫萁，它的脑垂体GtH细胞膜上GnRH受体则没有出现脱敏现象，提示紫萁抑制大黄鱼性早熟的机制不同于GnRH类似物，确切机制有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

9.
The present study examined the differential mRNA expression levels of three forms of GnRH (sGnRH, pjGnRH and cGnRH-II) and two forms of GnRH receptor (pjGnRH-R I and pjGnRH-R II) in the brain, pituitary, and ovaries of pejerrey in relation to the reproductive status. The analysis revealed the presence of significant amounts of mRNA of the three GnRH forms while the ovaries showed only two (sGnRH and pjGnRH). The GnRH receptor II was found ubiquitously in the brain, pituitary, and ovaries while the form I was detected only in the brain. The levels of pjGnRH mRNA in the brain and pjGnRH-R II in the pituitary gland varied in correlation with the ovarian condition. However, brain sGnRH and pjGnRH-R I mRNA levels reached a maximum during early stages of ovarian development. In contrast, the brain levels of cGnRH-II mRNA showed no variation. The present study also shows a good correlation of ovarian sGnRH and pjGnRH-R II mRNA levels with the reproductive condition, suggesting that these molecules are may be involved in the regulation of pejerrey ovarian function.  相似文献   

10.
Several lines of evidence support the idea that more than one gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH-R) subtype exists to accommodate the presence of multiple GnRH forms seen in vertebrate species. The development of pituitary endocrine cells, GnRH-Rs type IA (GfA), IB (GfB) and type III in the pituitary and their synchronization with the establishment of GnRH1-3 regulatory pathways reflect a neuroendocrine function for the GnRH-Rs. Based on developmental, morphological and biochemical evidence it can be hypothesized that GnRH1 regulates gonadotrophs through GnRH-R type IA, GnRH2 regulates prolactin secretion through GnRH-R type IB and GnRH3 regulates growth hormone secretion through GnRH-R type III. Therefore, the three native GnRH variants in advance teleost like tilapia might have their respective cognate receptors, each being capable of regulating different and, to some degree the same pituitary endocrine cells. In the brain, the expression pattern of GnRH-R type IB and type III parallels the distribution of GnRH2 and GnRH3 fiber network, which suggests their role in neuromodulation and reproductive behavior.  相似文献   

11.
为进一步提高半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)人工育苗技术的水平,对半滑舌鳎新型膜孕激素受体(mPR-like,mPRL)基因的表达特征和作用机制进行了研究.应用实时定量PCR方法分析mPRL mRNA在卵子形成过程中的时序表达,发现半滑舌鳎mPRL mRNA相对表达量的最高值出现在性成熟阶段卵巢的Ⅴ时相卵母细胞.原位杂交分析mPRL mRNA在繁殖相关组织的细胞学定位,发现mPRL mRNA分布在半滑舌鳎性成熟阶段卵巢的卵母细胞膜上;在脑的神经元和垂体内分散的细胞中,mPRL mRNA阳性信号较强.制备半滑舌鳎mPRL的多克隆抗体,采用Westem blotting方法检测半滑舌鳎mPRL蛋白在不同组织的表达特征,发现mPRL蛋白的表达量在卵巢、脑、垂体中相对较高,在肝脏、头肾、肾脏中表达量相对较少.免疫组化结果显示,半滑舌鳎mPRL蛋白在卵巢、脑和垂体的细胞学定位与mPRL mRNA定位一致.应用实时定量PCR和Westem blotting方法检测促性腺激素调控下半滑舌鳎不同时相卵母细胞mPRL基因mRNA和蛋白的表达变化,结果显示,促性腺激素对半滑舌鳎卵母细胞中mPRL基因mRNA和蛋白表达都有一定的上调作用,特别是对Ⅴ时相卵母细胞中mPRL mRNA和蛋白的表达量提升明显;发现表达量与促性腺激素调控作用具有剂量依存关系.半滑舌鳎mPRL在繁殖相关组织的表达特征表明其通过脑-垂体-卵巢轴参与繁殖调控,同时也揭示了mPRL介导卵母细胞成熟机制.  相似文献   

12.
In spite of interest in the cultivation of the pejerrey fish Odontesthes bonariensis (Cuvier & Valenciennes 1835), there are few studies on subjects required to advance this activity. One of the problems is the synchronization of female and male maturation to provide eggs and sperm for larval production. The low volume of expressible milt, either in wild or culture fish, is a major problem. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of the administration of different hormones on sperm production in pejerrey. Milt production was enhanced by the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (16.7‐fold increase, 625 IU kg?1), carp pituitary extracts (13.5‐fold increase, 30 mg kg?1), salmon pituitary extracts (12.8‐fold increase, 30 mg kg?1), salmon‐type gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRH) (16.7‐fold increase, 10 μg kg?1) and mammalian‐type GnRH analogue (10.8‐fold increase, 20 μg kg?1). Sperm concentration, motility and the fertilization rate were not statistically different compared with control groups. It was also demonstrated that sperm could be obtained off‐season. Taken together, hCG is recommended to stimulate pejerrey spermiation because it is effective in low doses is inexpensive and is widely available.  相似文献   

13.
为了研究下丘脑神经肽促性腺激素释放激素(Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2,GnRH2)在半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)卵巢成熟过程中的生理作用,本研究通过RT-PCR及RACE方法获得了半滑舌鳎GnRH2全长cDNA序列;通过实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)对gnrh2 mRNA的组织分布以及卵巢成熟过程中的时空表达特性进行了分析.结果显示,半滑舌鳎GnRH2全长cDNA序列为538 bp(不包括polyA尾),其中,5'非编码区(Untranslated region,UTR)为154 bp,3'UTR为126 bp,开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)为258 bp,编码85个氨基酸的前体多肽,其分子量及等电点分别为9.69 kDa和8.55.GnRH2前体多肽由信号肽、GnRH2十肽、酶切位点(GKR)以及GnRH相关肽共4部分组成.序列比对分析发现,GnRH2在鱼类中同源性极高,尤其是十肽(QHWSHGWYPG)在所有硬骨鱼类中完全相同.半滑舌鳎GnRH2与鲈形目同源性最高(89.41％-90.5 9％),其次为鲽形目、鲑形目和鲍形目(78.82％-85.88％),与鲤形目同源性最低(61.18％-71.76％).gnrh2 mRNA主要在脑中表达,在垂体及其他外周组织中表达量极低.此外,组织学分析显示,半滑舌鳎卵巢发育共分为5个时期(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ期).在卵巢成熟过程中,脑gnrh2 mRNA表达量在卵黄生成期(Ⅲ期)显著性增加,达到峰值;随后表达量急剧下降,在成熟期(Ⅴ期)达到最小值;在排卵后期(Ⅵ期)又显著性增加.然而,在卵巢成熟过程中,垂体gnrh2 mRNA表达量在卵黄生成后期(Ⅳ期)显著性降低,随后在成熟期(Ⅴ期)有所增加,但在排卵后期(Ⅵ期)又急剧下降.上述研究结果表明,脑GnRH2可能参与了半滑舌鳎卵巢发育过程.  相似文献   

14.
Induced spawning in Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L., was studied using human chorionic gonadotrophs (hCG) or acetone-dried common carp pituitary with or without hCG. The dose administered to fish was 5700 IU hCG kg-1 or 4.0 mg kg-1 carp pituitary with or without 500-700 IU hCG kg-1 for females and 2850 IU hCG kg-1 or 2.0 mg kg-1 carp pituitary with or without 250-350 IU hCG kg-1 for males. There were no statistically significant differences in quantity of milt in treated and control groups, although the best result was observed when males were treated with a triple injection of hCG and carp pituitary extract. Male spermiating success, expressed as a quantity of milt, was negatively correlated with fish weight. All females treated in this experiment had oocytes at the same division, so time of ovulation was highly synchronous. Spawning success, expressed as a spawning effectivity coefficient (Sc), was highest in fish treated with the triple injection. Spawning methods described in this paper were successful, even though hormones from another order of fish were used.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract:   The question of whether the ovulation and spawning time in chub mackerel Scomber japonicus is entrained by a circadian rhythm was raised by our previous experiments. Further questions were also raised about whether the time course of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation reflected the natural time course induced by endogeneous pituitary gonadotropin (GtH). To address these questions, hCG and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) were administered at two 'opposite' times, 14:00 and 02:00 hours, and the time courses of FOM and ovulation were compared. When hCG was injected, ovulation occurred 33 h post-injection in both groups, regardless of the timing of the hCG injection. The timing of ovulation in chub mackerel depends on the timing of hCG injection, but apparently not on circadian rhythms. When GnRHa was injected, ovulation began at 36 h post-injection of GnRHa, regardless of the timing of injection. These results indicate that the time course of FOM and ovulation in the chub mackerel followed a similar pattern whether stimulated by hCG injection or spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge because GnRHa induces the secretion of endogenous GtH (primarily LH) from the fish pituitary. Thus, it is concluded that the time course of hCG-induced FOM and ovulation in chub mackerel follows the natural time course induced by endogenous pituitary LH.  相似文献   

16.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin in goldfish and masu salmon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine if there is any association between immunoreactive (ir) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fibers with different pituitary endocrine cell types in the pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis. Using a monoclonal antibody raised against mammalian GnRH (mGnRH) (LRH13), ir-GnRH fibers were observed passing through the pituitary stalk and reaching the three areas of the pituitary gland: rostral (RPD) and proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia (PI). Double labeled immunocytochemistry showed ir-GnRH fibers in close association with prolactin (PRL)-producing cells in the RPD, growth hormone (GH)-producing cells in the PPD, gonadotropin (GtH)-producing cells in the PPD and the external border of the PI, and with somatolactin (SL)-producing cells in the PI. Our results show, direct morphological evidences of a close association of GnRH fibers with GH, PRL, GtH and SL-expressing cells. These results would suggest that GnRH has a broad role in the regulation of the secretion of different pituitary hormones.  相似文献   

18.
The brain of the pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) has recently been shown to contain three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH): salmon GnRH (sGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and pejerrey GnRH (pjGnRH), nevertheless neuroanatomical studies on the distribution of these peptides are lacking. In this study we investigated the distribution of immunoreactive GnRH in the brain of adult pejerrey. Four different policlonal antisera and a monoclonal antibody against different GnRH variants were applied on cryosections and visualized using the ABC method. Three antisera (PBL#49, sGnRH#2 and cII741) revealed three different immunoreactive areas: the terminal nerve ganglion (at the junction between the olfactory bulbs and the anterior telencephalon), the preoptic area just anterior to the hypothalamus and the midbrain tegmentum. Fibers immunoreactive to GnRH were detected in different brain areas: the olfactory bulbs, the ventral thelencephalon, the hypothalamus, the mesencephalic area and an important innervation entering into the pituitary gland. Two other antibodies (LRH13 and s1668) labeled the two nuclei corresponding to the forebrain but not the midbrain tegmentum. As both antibodies have low crossreactivity to cGnRH-II, the data suggest that this group of cells express cGnRH-II. In summary, three different areas with immunoreactivity to GnRH were detected in the pejerrey brain. The distribution of sGnRH, pjGnRH and cGnRH-II expressing neurons, is discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), has been identified as one of the most perspective candidates for diversification of freshwater aquaculture. However, some aspects of production are still being developed, and controlled reproduction is one of the bottlenecks. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of different commercial spawning agents in the induction of final oocyte maturation (FOM) and ovulation in wild spawners. Within the study, four spawning agents [human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), mixed human and horse gonadotropin (PG-600), carp pituitary (CPH) and mammalian GnRH analogue combined with metoclopramide (Ovopel)] in different thermal regimes (13 and 15 °C) were tested. In both thermal regimes, the highest (P < 0.05) ovulation rate among the treatment groups was obtained after stimulation with hCG (100 % in both cases). Latency time was the shortest in groups where CPH was used (2–3 and 3–4 days for 15 and 13 °C) and was similar in the remaining groups (3–4 and 4–5 days for 15 and 13 °C, respectively). Embryo survival was the highest in groups treated with hCG (78.9 and 81.3 % at hatching stage for 15 and 13 °C, respectively). Hormonal stimulation did not significantly affect spermiation rate or spermatozoa motility (P > 0.05). Based on the obtained results, hCG can be recommended for induction of FOM and ovulation in pikeperch. In addition, the thermal regime within the tested range seemed to have no effect on the reproduction outcome, and the application of lower temperature only prolonged the time of ovulation.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT:   Wild adult maturing and immature female Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were collected in June 2004 and January 2005, respectively, to clarify a possible role of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRHs) in reproduction. Levels of salmon GnRH (sGnRH), chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II) and sea bream GnRH (sbGnRH) in the brain and pituitary were examined by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Three forms of GnRHs were detected in the discrete brain at various levels. In the pituitary of both maturing and immature fish, sbGnRH was abundant together with a pronounced amount of sGnRH, whereas cGnRH-II was almost below the detectable limit. In maturing fish, levels of sbGnRH were high in the telencephalon, hypothalamus and pituitary, while levels of sbGnRH of immature fish were very low in these regions. These results indicate that sbGnRH is mainly responsible for gonadotropin secretion, and that sbGnRH in the anterior part of the brain is associated with gonadal maturation in the Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

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