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1.
为探究辽东湾鱼类群落结构的季节变化特征,于2020年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)在该海域进行了3个航次的底拖网调查,据此分析辽东湾鱼类种类组成、优势种、多样性和群落空间结构随季节变化的情况,并计算群落季节更替与迁移指数,建立鱼类群落丰度-生物量比较曲线。调查结果显示：辽东湾春、夏、秋3个季节共捕获鱼类58种,其中春季34种、夏季49种、秋季46种;优势种春季为短吻红舌鳎、黄鲫和皮氏叫姑鱼,夏季为矛尾虾虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、白姑鱼、皮氏叫姑鱼和斑鱼祭,秋季为矛尾虾虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、黄鲫和皮氏叫姑鱼;鱼类群落的多样性指数为1.34～1.63,丰富度指数为1.44～1.68,均匀度指数为0.60～0.64;辽东湾鱼类可分为3个群落类型,靠近湾顶的北部近岸浅滩水域群落、辽东湾中南部深水区群落和辽东湾湾口深水区群落,其中春季和夏季可分为3个群落组,秋季分为2个群落组;鱼类群落的空间分布在春、夏季与底层温度相关性系数最高(春季R=0.270、夏季R=0.408),在秋季与水深相关系数最高(秋季R=0.376);丰度-生物量比较曲线结果显示,辽东湾鱼类丰度优势度曲线均位于生... 相似文献
2.
《海洋渔业》2017,(5)
利用2007年6月和2008年6月的底拖网调查数据,采用聚类分析和相对重要性指数,分析了辽东湾鱼类群落的种类组成及空间分布特征。结果表明,调查共计捕获鱼类24种,隶属于5目22科24属。2007年优势种为小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),2008年为小黄鱼和短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri),小黄鱼在两个年份均占据第一优势地位。聚类分析和SIMPER分析表明,2007年6月鱼类群落在空间上可分为3组,对组间相异性贡献较高的分歧种为小黄鱼、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、矛尾鰕虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)、长绵鳚(Zoarces elongatus)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)等;2008年6月可分为3个组,对组间相异性贡献较高的分歧种为小黄鱼、黄鲫、短吻红舌鳎、李氏(Repomucenus richardsoni)、矛尾鰕虎鱼、长绵鳚、斑纹狮子鱼(Liparis zonatus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)和鲬(Platycephalus indicus)等。聚类结果按照地域空间可分为辽东湾北部、中部和西南部,且两个年度6月均表现为辽东湾北部生物量最高,而多样性最低。辽东湾北部水域邻近河口,是鱼类理想的产卵场和保育场,故6月该区域生物量最高。聚类结果表明辽东湾水域6月鱼类的种类组成相对稳定,鱼类的繁殖栖息习性和辽东湾水域不同区域的环境影响着鱼类的种类组成及其空间分布。 相似文献
3.
根据2006年夏季(7~8月)、冬季(11~12月)和2007年春季(4月)、秋季(10月)共4个航次的底拖网调查资料,对辽宁省近岸海域渔业资源结构进行了初步研究。调查结果表明,辽宁省近岸海域共出现渔业生物101种,其中底层鱼类52种,中上层鱼类8种,甲壳类33种,头足类8种。辽东湾近岸海域和黄海北部近岸海域渔业种类组成相似性较高,总体上JACCARD相似性系数超过50%。优势种分析表明,辽宁省近岸海域优势种季节更替明显,口虾蛄(Oratosguilla oratoria)为辽东湾近岸海域四季共有种,大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)为黄海北部近岸海域四季共有种。除夏季外,渔获物以底层鱼类和甲壳类为主,渔获量季节变化上以夏季最高;群落多样性指数(D、H'、J')季节变化上均以秋季最高。与历史数据相比,辽宁省近岸海域渔业生物种类数变化不明显,但中上层鱼类如黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、斑鰶(Konosirus punctatus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)等在群落中的优势地位下降,本地性资源如矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)、大泷六线鱼、口虾蛄、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)等成为主要渔业生物。两个海区近岸海域2006~2007年各季节渔业生物总平均体质量均小于40 g,各季节的更替指数均大于80。多样性指数、季节更替指数和迁移指数分析显示,总体上辽宁省近岸海域渔业生物群落的多样性水平较低,群落稳定性较低。平均体质量的结果表明,渔业生物群落主要由小型个体和大中型的低龄群体组成,与历史数据对比,其小型化的特征明显。 相似文献
4.
为了解夏季黄河口海域鱼类群落结构现状,根据2010年6月、7月底拖网调查数据对该海域鱼类群落的种类组成、优势种、空间分布、物种多样性和群落相似性进行了研究。结果表明,两次调查共捕获鱼类32种,全部为硬骨鱼类,隶属于7目、21科、32属。6月优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼Chaeturichthys stigmatias、短吻红舌鳎Cynoglossus joyneri和斑尾刺虾虎鱼Acanthogobius ommaturus,7月为矛尾虾虎鱼、斑鱼祭Konosirus punctatus、短吻红舌鳎和斑尾刺虾虎鱼。7月调查鱼类生物量和丰度均较6月大幅增加,分别由3.6 kg/h和459 ind./h增加到44.1 kg/h和6 107 ind./h,生物量在每个站位均有所增加,且在整个调查海域分布较为均匀。两次调查鱼类群落的生物量优势度曲线、丰度优势度曲线均接近。7月鱼类群落的丰富度指数（D）、多样性指数（H′）和均匀度指数（J′）均较6月有所下降。聚类分析和NMDS排序结果表明,6月调查站位和7月调查站位各自聚为一组。两次调查鱼类群落相似性较高,Jaccard种类相似性系数为56.3%,根据生物量计算的Bray-Curtis相似性系数为43.1%。与历史数据相比,黄河口鱼类种类数呈下降趋势,优势种类也发生了明显改变,生物量在各月间的分布也有所不同,本次调查7月黄河口海域鱼类资源密度明显高于6月,而20世纪80年代调查数据则恰相反,6月鱼类资源密度高于7月。 相似文献
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基于2015年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和2016年1月(冬季)3个季节的渤海游泳动物底拖网调查数据，分析游泳动物群落结构的季节变动。调查结果显示，调查共捕获96种游泳动物，其中鱼类55种、甲壳类37种、头足类4种。各季节优势种物种数为2～5种(相对重要性指数大于500),春季优势种为口虾蛄和脊腹褐虾，夏季优势种为鳀、口虾蛄、矛尾虾虎鱼、枪乌贼和葛氏长臂虾，冬季优势种为脊腹褐虾、矛尾虾虎鱼、葛氏长臂虾、日本鼓虾和斑尾刺虾虎鱼。游泳动物相对丰度在春季最小，为244尾/h,夏季最大，为11 391尾/h;相对生物量在春季最小，为1.56 kg/h,夏季最大，为38.57 kg/h。从春季到冬季，渔获物相对丰度和相对生物量呈先升后降的趋势。物种丰富度指数为3.61～4.99,春季最高，冬季最低；香农-维纳多样性指数为1.83～2.40,冬季最低，春季最高；物种均匀度指数为0.49～0.59,冬季最低，春季最高。聚类分析和多维标度分析表明，渤海各海域游泳动物群落结构相似性并无明显季节变动。相似性百分比分析表明，渤海春、夏、冬季游泳动物群落结构的季节差异主要由鳀、枪乌贼和口虾蛄资源量季节变动所致... 相似文献
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崂山湾春季鱼类群落的摄食生态及其主要种类 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
崂山湾位于黄海的胶州湾和丁字湾之间,海湾开阔,是当前增殖放流的重点海域。根据2014年5月在崂山湾海域进行的底拖网调查,分析了该海域春季鱼类群落的种类组成和摄食生态。结果表明,崂山湾春季鱼类群落共32种鱼类,隶属8目,21科,30属;以鲈形目(Perciformes)的虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)和石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)种类最多;优势种有皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),主要种有大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、丝虾虎鱼(Cryptocentrus filifer)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和银鲳(Pampus argenteus)。崂山湾春季鱼类群落的种类丰富度指数R为3.19,多样性指数H′为2.34;均匀度指数J′为0.68。胃含物分析结果表明,春季崂山湾生态系统鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.52;主要包括了浮游动物食性、杂食性和底栖动物食性3种食性类型,以底栖动物食性鱼类为主。在当前捕捞、气候变化和人类活动等多重压力下,海湾生态系统承受了巨大的压力,针对不同的海湾生态系统进行基础调研,可为制订相应的增殖放流、渔业保护和管理策略提供重要科学依据。 相似文献
7.
根据 2016 年春、秋季在厦门湾海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查, 使用种类组成更替率、相对重要性指数、 相对资源量指数、物种多样性指数和多元统计分析等指标及方法对该海域鱼类种类组成、群落结构和多样性进行研究。结果表明, 厦门湾海域春、秋季共捕获鱼类 100 种, 隶属于 2 纲 13 目 46 科 74 属; 湾内鱼类春、秋季种类组成更替率为 59.60%, 优势种组成的变化主要由鱼类洄游导致, 短吻鲾(Leiognathus brevirostris)、皮氏叫姑鱼 (Johnius belengerii)和孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)为春、秋季共有优势种; 春季平均网获质量和平均网获数量分别为 1744.24 g/h 和 160.51 ind/h, 秋季分别为 3086.18 g/h 和 153.30 ind/h, 鱼类相对资源量存在明显的季节变化; Margalef 种类丰富度指数(D)变化范围为 0.46~4.07, Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数(H′)变化范围为 0.61~2.73, Pielou 均匀度指数(J′)变化范围为 0.44~0.89; Pielou 均匀度指数(J′)春季高于秋季, Margalef 种类丰富度指数(D)和 ShannonWiener 多样性指数(H′)秋季高于春季; 等级聚类(CLUSTER)和非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)表明, 春、秋季厦门湾鱼类群落均可大致划分为东北部和南部两个站位组群。厦门湾春、秋季鱼类群落空间结构具有明显季节差异。 相似文献
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过度捕捞、环境污染等人类活动以及气候变化等影响着海洋鱼类群落动态及其稳定性。为深入研究海州湾海域鱼类群落结构及其变化,根据2011年、2013—2016年春、秋两季在该海域进行的渔业资源与环境调查数据,应用多元统计分析和结构冗余度分析方法,研究了海州湾海域春、秋季鱼类群落结构冗余度。结果显示,海州湾及邻近海域春、秋季鱼类均可划分为南北两个群落。春季北部群落的典型种包括方氏云鳚、细纹狮子鱼、黄鮟鱇和大泷六线鱼;南部群落的典型种为小黄鱼、短吻红舌鳎、方氏云鳚和星康吉鳗。秋季北部群落的典型种为棘绿鳍鱼、长蛇鲻和星康吉鳗;南部群落典型种包括短吻红舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼、鮸、矛尾虾虎鱼、小黄鱼和皮氏叫姑鱼。春、秋季鱼类群落响应单元数均为1,群落结构冗余度水平低;响应单元中种类与南、北鱼类群落典型种组成相似,表明海州湾春、秋季鱼类群落空间结构特征主要受方氏云鳚、细纹狮子鱼、小黄鱼、棘绿鳍鱼和长蛇鲻等少数种类决定。决定海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落结构特征的可替代种类较少,当主要种类受损时,群落结构会发生较大变化,鱼类群落结构稳定性较低。 相似文献
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根据 2018─2019 年的底拖网季度调查数据, 运用资源密度、相对重要性指数、多样性指数等生态指标, 对调查海域鱼类群落结构动态变化及其与环境因子的关系进行分析。结果表明, 调查海域共捕获鱼类 84 种, 隶属于 2 纲、14 目、39 科、69 属。优势种为龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、日本带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、银姑鱼(Pennahia argentata)、黄鲫(Setipinna tenuifilis)、七星底灯鱼(Benthosema pterotum)、康氏侧带小公鱼(Stolephorus commersonnii) 和六丝钝尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)等 7 种, 与往年相比发生较大变化。生物量指数平均值最高出现在夏季, 为 3.25×103 kg/km2 ; 丰度指数平均值最高出现在秋季, 为 6.64×105 ind/km2 。各季节多样性指数 H′、均匀度指数 J′最高值出现在冬季, 分别为 1.92 和 0.71。日本带鱼和七星底灯鱼的分布与水深和盐度呈较强的正相关, 银姑鱼的分布与水温成较强正相关, 与 pH 呈负相关, 康氏侧带小公鱼、黄鲫和龙头鱼对环境因子的偏好性较低, 分布较均匀。本研究通过探索瓯江口鱼类群落结构的时空变化, 旨在为保护河口海域渔业资源, 改善渔业环境质量与功能提供科学依据。 相似文献
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1997－1998年在鸭绿江口设4个测站,双月1次捕取样品,进行鱼虾群落研究。渔获66种水生动物,其中鱼类48种、甲壳类11种、其他动物7种。出现频率最高的前5种为斑尾复虾虎鱼、拟棒鞭水虱、亚洲公鱼、脊尾白虾和纹缟虾虎鱼。数量比例最高的前5种优势种为拟棒鞭水虱（31．82％）、糠虾（25．44％）、中国毛虾（21．21％）、斑尾复虾虎鱼（17．35％）和亚洲公鱼（0．5％）。各站生物量指数和物种丰度分别变化于3．83－33139．59和0．34－2528．24。群落物种的多样性指数（H')变化于0．291－2．889。优势度指数（C1）0．155－0．914,均匀度指数（J')0．113－0．970。群落间相似性系数（Cs)2－3站最高（平均0．649）,1－4站最低（平均0．245）。群落物种种类和数量分布与季节和生态条件密切有关。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献